• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 21
  • 13
  • 4
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 39
  • 22
  • 16
  • 9
  • 8
  • 8
  • 7
  • 7
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Untersuchung zur Übertragbarkeit der Kompetenzzellenbasierten Vernetzungstheorie auf die variantenreiche Serienproduktion

Schmieder, Marcel 26 November 2004 (has links)
Auf Grund der dominierenden Orientierung an Produkttypen in der Serienproduktion sowie der Spezialisierung von Zulieferfirmen und deren Abhängigkeit von Finalproduzenten können die strategischen Zuliefernetze als sehr begrenzt wandlungsfähig eingeschätzt werden. Defizite derartiger Kooperationsformen, die u. a. auf hierarchischen Strukturen in und zwischen den Unternehmen aufbauen, werden im Rahmen einer Praxisanalyse bestätigt. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer Methode zur Planung und Gestaltung der Transformation derzeitiger Unternehmen zu Kompetenzzellenbasierten Netzen (TransKompNet- Methode), die unternehmens- und branchenneutral ausgearbeitet und am Objektbereich der Serienproduktion praktisch evaluiert wird. Vorliegende Arbeit skizziert damit ein Lösungskonzept für Systemlieferanten und Serienfertiger, das die dezentralisierte Dekomposition der monolithischen Produkt-, Prozess- und Systemstrukturen erlaubt und Möglichkeiten zur Strukturveränderung bei den Lieferanten diskutiert. In unternehmensübergreifenden Netzen wird für Zulieferer ein Auffangen deren kleinsten Leistungseinheiten durch Entkopplungs-/Ausweichproduktionen nachgewiesen.
32

Enhancing ESG-Risk Modelling - A study of the dependence structure of sustainable investing / Utvecklad ESG-Risk Modellering - En studie på beroendestrukturen av hållbara investeringar

Berg, Edvin, Lange, Karl Wilhelm January 2020 (has links)
The interest in sustainable investing has increased significantly during recent years. Asset managers and institutional investors are urged to invest more sustainable from their stakeholders, reducing their investment universe. This thesis has found that sustainable investments have a different linear dependence structure compared to the regional markets in Europe and North America, but not in Asia-Pacific. However, the largest drawdowns of an sustainable compliant portfolio has historically been lower compared to the a random market portfolio, especially in Europe and North America. / Intresset för hållbara investeringar har ökat avsevärt de senaste åren. Fondförvaltare och institutionella investerare är, från deras intressenter, manade att investera mer hållbart vilket minskar förvaltarnas investeringsuniversum. Denna uppsats har funnit att hållbara investeringar har en beroendestruktur som är skild från de regionala marknaderna i Europa och Nordamerika, men inte för Asien-Stillahavsregionen. De största värdeminskningarna i en hållbar portfölj har historiskt varit mindre än värdeminskningarna från en slumpmässig marknadsportfölj, framförallt i Europa och Nordamerika.
33

Market Integration of Onshore Wind Energy in Germany: A market model-based study with a fundamental decomposed power plant investment and dispatch model for the European electricity markets

Hobbie, Hannes 10 April 2024 (has links)
Die Erreichung der ehrgeizigen Dekarbonisierungsziele Deutschlands erfordert eine massive Ausweitung der Onshore-Windenergie. In den letzten Jahren sahen sich Onshore-Wind Projektentwickler zunehmend mit sozialen und Umweltbedenken aufgrund von Landnutzungskonflikten konfrontiert. Aus regulatorischer Sicht stellen die weitere Integration von Onshore-Windkapazitäten in das deutsche Energiesystem besondere Herausforderungen in Bezug auf geografische und zeitliche Aspekte der Stromerzeugung dar. Die hohen Windgeschwindigkeiten und die vergleichsweise geringe Bevölkerungsdichte haben dazu geführt, dass Investoren in der Vergangenheit überproportional in den nördlichen Bundesländern Windparks entwickelten. Eine starke gleichzeitige Einspeisung von Strom an nahegelegenen Windstandorten führt jedoch zu einem Druck auf die Großhandelsstrompreise, was die Markterträge der Entwickler reduziert. Diese Arbeit zielt daher darauf ab, einen Beitrag zum zukünftigen Design des deutschen Energiesystems zu leisten und insbesondere den weiteren Ausbau der Onshore-Windenergie in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung sozialer, Umwelt- und wirtschaftlicher Einschränkungen zu untersuchen. Dabei werden GIS-Software und ein neues inverses Zeitreihenmodellierungsverfahren genutzt, um das Windpotenzial und Landnutzungskonflikte zu analysieren. Zukünftige Marktszenarien werden mit Hilfe eines dekomposierten Kraftwerkseinsatz und -investitionsmodells hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkungen auf die ökonomische Effizienz der Marktintegration von Onshore-Windenergie bewertet, wobei Preisentwicklungen für CO2-Emissionszertifikate eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine abnehmende Rentabilität der Onshore-Windenergie in Deutschland hin, während der Süden Deutschlands aus ganzheitlicher Perspektive einen größeren Beitrag zur Windenergie leisten könnte.:I Analysis framework 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Research motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Research objective, aims and questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Scientific contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3.1 Research focus specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3.2 Contribution regarding renewable energy potentials and levelised generation cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.3 Contribution regarding generic wind time series modelling 12 1.3.4 Contribution regarding electricity market modelling and model decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.3.5 Contribution regarding evaluating the market integration of wind energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.4 Organisation of thesis and software tools applied . . . . . . . 20 2 Basics of electricity economics 23 2.1 Pricing and investments in electricity markets . . . . . . . . . 23 2.1.1 Long-term market equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.1.2 Short-term market equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2 Interplay of price formation and renewable support . . . . . . 27 2.2.1 Definitions and concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.2.2 Quantity and price effect of environmental policies and implications for geographic deployment pathways 29 II Regionalisation of data inputs 33 3 GIS-based windenergy potential analysis 35 3.1 Framing the approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.1.1 Taxonomy of renewable potentials . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.1.2 GIS-based analysis procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.1.3 Three-stage sensitivity analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2 Land assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2.1 Land characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2.2 Results on the land availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.3 Technical potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.3.1 Technical wind turbine configuration . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.3.2 Electrical energy conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.3.3 Wind-farm design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.3.4 Results on the technical potential . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.4 Economic potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.4.1 Cost-potential curves at a country level . . . . . . . . 49 3.4.2 Cost-potential curves at a regional level . . . . . . . . 52 4 Generic wind energy feed-in time series 55 4.1 Generic wind speed data in energy systems analysis . . . . . . 55 4.1.1 Motivation of generic time series . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.1.2 Incorporation of time series generation into modelling setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.2 Dynamic adjustment of model size via clustering . . . . . . . 56 4.2.1 Introduction to hierarchical and partitional cluster methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.2.2 Euclidean distance as proximity measure . . . . . . . . 57 4.2.3 Linkage of observations and cluster verification . . . 58 4.2.4 Specification of input data and data organisation . . . 59 4.2.5 Results on cluster algorithm selection and representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.3 Vector autoregressive stochastic process with Normal-to- Weibull transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.3.1 Wind characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.3.2 Data description and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.3.3 Additive modelling procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.3.4 Standard Normal-to-Weibull transformation . . . . . . 64 4.3.5 Time series decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4.3.6 (V)AR-Parameter estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4.3.7 Statistical dependence between different locations . . 73 4.3.8 Time series simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.3.9 Results on time series simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 III Market model-based investigation 81 5 Modelling investment decisions in power markets 83 5.1 Motivation for illustration of model decomposition . . . . . . 83 5.2 Simplified market model formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.2.1 Power plant dispatch problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.2.2 Capacity expansion extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 5.2.3 Constraint matrix structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.3 Complexity reduction via Benders decomposition . . . . . . . 87 5.3.1 Benders strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5.3.2 Single-cut procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.3.3 Multi-cut procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 5.4 Acceleration strategies for decomposed market models . . . . 98 5.4.1 Scenario solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.4.2 Distributed computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.4.3 Regularisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.5 Numerical testing of model formulation and solving strategy 99 5.5.1 Preliminary remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 5.5.2 Effects of multiple cuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 5.5.3 Effects of scenario solver and parallelisation . . . . . . 101 5.5.4 Effects of regularisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 5.6 Implications for a large-scale application . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 6 ELTRAMOD-dec: A market model tailored for investigating the European electricity markets 107 6.1 Understanding the model design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.1.1 Market modelling fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.1.2 ELTRAMOD-dec’s model structure and solving conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.1.3 Central capacity planning assumptions . . . . . . . . . 109 6.1.4 Central market clearing assumptions . . . . . . . . . . 110 6.2 Mathematical formulation of ELTRAMOD-dec . . . . . . . . . 111 6.2.1 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 6.2.2 Master problem equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 6.2.3 Subproblem equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 6.2.4 Program termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 6.2.5 Research-specific extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 6.3 Data description and model calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 6.3.1 Base year modelling data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 6.3.2 Model performance validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 6.3.3 Target year modelling data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 6.4 Determination of ELTRAMOD-dec’s solving conventions and tuning parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 6.4.1 Framing some modelling experiments . . . . . . . . . 137 6.4.2 Effects of regularisation on convergence behaviour . 138 6.4.3 Effects of time slicing on solution accuracy . . . . . . 142 6.4.4 Effects of decomposition on solving speed . . . . . . . 145 7 Model-based investigation of onshore wind deployment pathways in Germany 149 7.1 Scenario framework and key assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 7.1.1 Scenario creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 7.1.2 Definition of market configuration . . . . . . . . . . . 152 7.1.3 Summary on scenario key assumptions . . . . . . . . . 154 7.2 Results on market integration at a market zone level . . . . . 155 7.2.1 Introducing market integration indicators . . . . . . . 155 7.2.2 Market integration indicators for baseline calculation 156 7.2.3 Market integration indicators for increased renewable uptake calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 7.2.4 Market integration indicators for ultimate renewable uptake calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 7.3 Results on market integration at a detailed regional level . . . 160 7.3.1 Introducing regional market integration indicators . . 160 7.3.2 Regional market integration indicators for baseline calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 7.3.3 Regional market integration indicators for increased renewable uptake calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 7.3.4 Regional market integration indicators for ultimate renewable uptake calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 8 Summary and conclusions 169 8.1 Findings regarding the market integration . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 8.1.1 Onshore wind resources constitute a limiting factor for achieving Germany’s energy transition . . . . . . 169 8.1.2 Distribution of wind farm fleet has a strong impact on market premia in the centre and south of Germany 170 8.2 Findings regarding the technical underpinning . . . . . . . . . 173 8.2.1 Generic wind speed velocities can be a powerful tool for power system modellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 8.2.2 Decomposition enables efficient solving of large-scale power system investment and dispatch models . . . . 174 8.3 Implications for policymakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 IV Appendix 179 A Additional tables and figures 181 B Code listings 187 Bibliography 199 / Achieving Germany's ambitious decarbonisation goals requires a massive expansion of onshore wind energy. In recent years, onshore wind project developers have increasingly faced social and environmental concerns due to land use conflicts. From a regulatory perspective, further integrating onshore wind capacity into the German energy system poses particular challenges regarding geographical and temporal aspects of electricity generation. High wind speeds and comparatively low population density have led investors to disproportionately develop wind farms in the northern states in the past. However, a strong simultaneous electricity feed-in at nearby wind sites suppresses wholesale electricity prices, reducing developers' market returns. This study aims to contribute to the future design of the German energy system and, in particular, to examine the further expansion of onshore wind energy in Germany, considering social, environmental, and economic constraints. GIS software and a new inverse time series modelling approach are utilised to investigate wind potential and land use conflicts. Future market scenarios are evaluated using a decomposed power plant dispatch and investment model regarding their effects on the economic efficiency of onshore wind energy market integration, with price developments for carbon emission certificates playing a crucial role. The results indicate a decreasing profitability of onshore wind energy in Germany, while from a holistic perspective, southern Germany could make a more significant contribution to wind energy at reasonable increases in support requirements.:I Analysis framework 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Research motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Research objective, aims and questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Scientific contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3.1 Research focus specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3.2 Contribution regarding renewable energy potentials and levelised generation cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.3 Contribution regarding generic wind time series modelling 12 1.3.4 Contribution regarding electricity market modelling and model decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.3.5 Contribution regarding evaluating the market integration of wind energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.4 Organisation of thesis and software tools applied . . . . . . . 20 2 Basics of electricity economics 23 2.1 Pricing and investments in electricity markets . . . . . . . . . 23 2.1.1 Long-term market equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.1.2 Short-term market equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2 Interplay of price formation and renewable support . . . . . . 27 2.2.1 Definitions and concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.2.2 Quantity and price effect of environmental policies and implications for geographic deployment pathways 29 II Regionalisation of data inputs 33 3 GIS-based windenergy potential analysis 35 3.1 Framing the approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.1.1 Taxonomy of renewable potentials . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.1.2 GIS-based analysis procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.1.3 Three-stage sensitivity analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2 Land assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2.1 Land characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2.2 Results on the land availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.3 Technical potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.3.1 Technical wind turbine configuration . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.3.2 Electrical energy conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.3.3 Wind-farm design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.3.4 Results on the technical potential . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.4 Economic potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.4.1 Cost-potential curves at a country level . . . . . . . . 49 3.4.2 Cost-potential curves at a regional level . . . . . . . . 52 4 Generic wind energy feed-in time series 55 4.1 Generic wind speed data in energy systems analysis . . . . . . 55 4.1.1 Motivation of generic time series . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.1.2 Incorporation of time series generation into modelling setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.2 Dynamic adjustment of model size via clustering . . . . . . . 56 4.2.1 Introduction to hierarchical and partitional cluster methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.2.2 Euclidean distance as proximity measure . . . . . . . . 57 4.2.3 Linkage of observations and cluster verification . . . 58 4.2.4 Specification of input data and data organisation . . . 59 4.2.5 Results on cluster algorithm selection and representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.3 Vector autoregressive stochastic process with Normal-to- Weibull transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.3.1 Wind characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.3.2 Data description and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.3.3 Additive modelling procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.3.4 Standard Normal-to-Weibull transformation . . . . . . 64 4.3.5 Time series decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4.3.6 (V)AR-Parameter estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4.3.7 Statistical dependence between different locations . . 73 4.3.8 Time series simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.3.9 Results on time series simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 III Market model-based investigation 81 5 Modelling investment decisions in power markets 83 5.1 Motivation for illustration of model decomposition . . . . . . 83 5.2 Simplified market model formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.2.1 Power plant dispatch problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.2.2 Capacity expansion extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 5.2.3 Constraint matrix structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.3 Complexity reduction via Benders decomposition . . . . . . . 87 5.3.1 Benders strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5.3.2 Single-cut procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.3.3 Multi-cut procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 5.4 Acceleration strategies for decomposed market models . . . . 98 5.4.1 Scenario solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.4.2 Distributed computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.4.3 Regularisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.5 Numerical testing of model formulation and solving strategy 99 5.5.1 Preliminary remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 5.5.2 Effects of multiple cuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 5.5.3 Effects of scenario solver and parallelisation . . . . . . 101 5.5.4 Effects of regularisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 5.6 Implications for a large-scale application . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 6 ELTRAMOD-dec: A market model tailored for investigating the European electricity markets 107 6.1 Understanding the model design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.1.1 Market modelling fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.1.2 ELTRAMOD-dec’s model structure and solving conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.1.3 Central capacity planning assumptions . . . . . . . . . 109 6.1.4 Central market clearing assumptions . . . . . . . . . . 110 6.2 Mathematical formulation of ELTRAMOD-dec . . . . . . . . . 111 6.2.1 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 6.2.2 Master problem equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 6.2.3 Subproblem equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 6.2.4 Program termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 6.2.5 Research-specific extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 6.3 Data description and model calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 6.3.1 Base year modelling data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 6.3.2 Model performance validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 6.3.3 Target year modelling data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 6.4 Determination of ELTRAMOD-dec’s solving conventions and tuning parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 6.4.1 Framing some modelling experiments . . . . . . . . . 137 6.4.2 Effects of regularisation on convergence behaviour . 138 6.4.3 Effects of time slicing on solution accuracy . . . . . . 142 6.4.4 Effects of decomposition on solving speed . . . . . . . 145 7 Model-based investigation of onshore wind deployment pathways in Germany 149 7.1 Scenario framework and key assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 7.1.1 Scenario creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 7.1.2 Definition of market configuration . . . . . . . . . . . 152 7.1.3 Summary on scenario key assumptions . . . . . . . . . 154 7.2 Results on market integration at a market zone level . . . . . 155 7.2.1 Introducing market integration indicators . . . . . . . 155 7.2.2 Market integration indicators for baseline calculation 156 7.2.3 Market integration indicators for increased renewable uptake calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 7.2.4 Market integration indicators for ultimate renewable uptake calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 7.3 Results on market integration at a detailed regional level . . . 160 7.3.1 Introducing regional market integration indicators . . 160 7.3.2 Regional market integration indicators for baseline calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 7.3.3 Regional market integration indicators for increased renewable uptake calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 7.3.4 Regional market integration indicators for ultimate renewable uptake calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 8 Summary and conclusions 169 8.1 Findings regarding the market integration . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 8.1.1 Onshore wind resources constitute a limiting factor for achieving Germany’s energy transition . . . . . . 169 8.1.2 Distribution of wind farm fleet has a strong impact on market premia in the centre and south of Germany 170 8.2 Findings regarding the technical underpinning . . . . . . . . . 173 8.2.1 Generic wind speed velocities can be a powerful tool for power system modellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 8.2.2 Decomposition enables efficient solving of large-scale power system investment and dispatch models . . . . 174 8.3 Implications for policymakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 IV Appendix 179 A Additional tables and figures 181 B Code listings 187 Bibliography 199
34

Decomposition in multistage stochastic programming and a constraint integer programming approach to mixed-integer nonlinear programming

Vigerske, Stefan 27 March 2013 (has links)
Diese Arbeit leistet Beiträge zu zwei Gebieten der mathematischen Programmierung: stochastische Optimierung und gemischt-ganzzahlige nichtlineare Optimierung (MINLP). Im ersten Teil erweitern wir quantitative Stetigkeitsresultate für zweistufige stochastische gemischt-ganzzahlige lineare Programme auf Situationen in denen Unsicherheit gleichzeitig in den Kosten und der rechten Seite auftritt, geben eine ausführliche Übersicht zu Dekompositionsverfahren für zwei- und mehrstufige stochastische lineare und gemischt-ganzzahlig lineare Programme, und diskutieren Erweiterungen und Kombinationen des Nested Benders Dekompositionsverfahrens und des Nested Column Generationsverfahrens für mehrstufige stochastische lineare Programme die es erlauben die Vorteile sogenannter rekombinierender Szenariobäume auszunutzen. Als eine Anwendung dieses Verfahrens betrachten wir die optimale Zeit- und Investitionsplanung für ein regionales Energiesystem unter Einbeziehung von Windenergie und Energiespeichern. Im zweiten Teil geben wir eine ausführliche Übersicht zum Stand der Technik bzgl. Algorithmen und Lösern für MINLPs und zeigen dass einige dieser Algorithmen innerhalb des constraint integer programming Softwaresystems SCIP angewendet werden können. Letzteres erlaubt uns die Verwendung schon existierender Technologien für gemischt-ganzzahlige linear Programme und constraint Programme für den linearen und diskreten Teil des Problems. Folglich konzentrieren wir uns hauptsächlich auf die Behandlung der konvexen und nichtkonvexen nichtlinearen Nebenbedingungen mittels Variablenschrankenpropagierung, äußerer Approximation und Reformulierung. In einer ausführlichen numerischen Studie untersuchen wir die Leistung unseres Ansatzes anhand von Anwendungen aus der Tagebauplanung und des Aufbaus eines Wasserverteilungssystems und mittels verschiedener Vergleichstests. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass SCIP ein konkurrenzfähiger Löser für MINLPs geworden ist. / This thesis contributes to two topics in mathematical programming: stochastic optimization and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). In the first part, we extend quantitative continuity results for two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programs to include situations with simultaneous uncertainty in costs and right-hand side, give an extended review on decomposition algorithm for two- and multistage stochastic linear and mixed-integer linear programs, and discuss extensions and combinations of the Nested Benders Decomposition and Nested Column Generation methods for multistage stochastic linear programs to exploit the advantages of so-called recombining scenario trees. As an application of the latter, we consider the optimal scheduling and investment planning for a regional energy system including wind power and energy storages. In the second part, we give a comprehensive overview about the state-of-the-art in algorithms and solver technology for MINLPs and show that some of these algorithm can be applied within the constraint integer programming framework SCIP. The availability of the latter allows us to utilize the power of already existing mixed integer linear and constraint programming technologies to handle the linear and discrete parts of the problem. Thus, we focus mainly on the domain propagation, outer-approximation, and reformulation techniques to handle convex and nonconvex nonlinear constraints. In an extensive computational study, we investigate the performance of our approach on applications from open pit mine production scheduling and water distribution network design and on various benchmarks sets. The results show that SCIP has become a competitive solver for MINLPs.
35

Economic Engineering Modeling of Liberalized Electricity Markets: Approaches, Algorithms, and Applications in a European Context / Techno-ökonomische Modellierung liberalisierter Elektrizitätsmärkte: Ansätze, Algorithmen und Anwendungen im europäischen Kontext

Leuthold, Florian U. 15 January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
This dissertation focuses on selected issues in regard to the mathematical modeling of electricity markets. In a first step the interrelations of electric power market modeling are highlighted a crossroad between operations research, applied economics, and engineering. In a second step the development of a large-scale continental European economic engineering model named ELMOD is described and the model is applied to the issue of wind integration. It is concluded that enabling the integration of low-carbon technologies appears feasible for wind energy. In a third step algorithmic work is carried out regarding a game theoretic model. Two approaches in order to solve a discretely-constrained mathematical program with equilibrium constraints using disjunctive constraints are presented. The first one reformulates the problem as a mixed-integer linear program and the second one applies the Benders decomposition technique. Selected numerical results are reported.
36

Economic Engineering Modeling of Liberalized Electricity Markets: Approaches, Algorithms, and Applications in a European Context: Economic Engineering Modeling of Liberalized Electricity Markets: Approaches, Algorithms, and Applications in a European Context

Leuthold, Florian U. 08 January 2010 (has links)
This dissertation focuses on selected issues in regard to the mathematical modeling of electricity markets. In a first step the interrelations of electric power market modeling are highlighted a crossroad between operations research, applied economics, and engineering. In a second step the development of a large-scale continental European economic engineering model named ELMOD is described and the model is applied to the issue of wind integration. It is concluded that enabling the integration of low-carbon technologies appears feasible for wind energy. In a third step algorithmic work is carried out regarding a game theoretic model. Two approaches in order to solve a discretely-constrained mathematical program with equilibrium constraints using disjunctive constraints are presented. The first one reformulates the problem as a mixed-integer linear program and the second one applies the Benders decomposition technique. Selected numerical results are reported.
37

Spectral Portfolio Optimisation with LSTM Stock Price Prediction / Spektralportföljsoptimering med LSTM aktieprispredikering

Wang, Nancy January 2020 (has links)
Nobel Prize-winning modern portfolio theory (MPT) has been considered to be one of the most important and influential economic theories within finance and investment management. MPT assumes investors to be riskaverse and uses the variance of asset returns as a proxy of risk to maximise the performance of a portfolio. Successful portfolio management reply, thus on accurate risk estimate and asset return prediction. Risk estimates are commonly obtained through traditional asset pricing factor models, which allow the systematic risk to vary over time domain but not in the frequency space. This approach can impose limitations in, for instance, risk estimation. To tackle this shortcoming, interest in applications of spectral analysis to financial time series has increased lately. Among others, the novel spectral portfolio theory and the spectral factor model which demonstrate enhancement in portfolio performance through spectral risk estimation [1][11]. Moreover, stock price prediction has always been a challenging task due to its non-linearity and non-stationarity. Meanwhile, Machine learning has been successfully implemented in a wide range of applications where it is infeasible to accomplish the needed tasks traditionally. Recent research has demonstrated significant results in single stock price prediction by artificial LSTM neural network [6][34]. This study aims to evaluate the combined effect of these two advancements in a portfolio optimisation problem and optimise a spectral portfolio with stock prices predicted by LSTM neural networks. To do so, we began with mathematical derivation and theoretical presentation and then evaluated the portfolio performance generated by the spectral risk estimates and the LSTM stock price predictions, as well as the combination of the two. The result demonstrates that the LSTM predictions alone performed better than the combination, which in term performed better than the spectral risk alone. / Den nobelprisvinnande moderna portföjlteorin (MPT) är utan tvekan en av de mest framgångsrika investeringsmodellerna inom finansvärlden och investeringsstrategier. MPT antar att investerarna är mindre benägna till risktagande och approximerar riskexponering med variansen av tillgångarnasränteavkastningar. Nyckeln till en lyckad portföljförvaltning är därmed goda riskestimat och goda förutsägelser av tillgångspris. Riskestimering görs vanligtvis genom traditionella prissättningsmodellerna som tillåter risken att variera i tiden, dock inte i frekvensrummet. Denna begränsning utgör bland annat ett större fel i riskestimering. För att tackla med detta har intresset för tillämpningar av spektraanalys på finansiella tidsserier ökat de senast åren. Bland annat är ett nytt tillvägagångssätt för att behandla detta den nyintroducerade spektralportföljteorin och spektralfak- tormodellen som påvisade ökad portföljenprestanda genom spektralriskskattning [1][11]. Samtidigt har prediktering av aktierpriser länge varit en stor utmaning på grund av dess icke-linjära och icke-stationära egenskaper medan maskininlärning har kunnat använts för att lösa annars omöjliga uppgifter. Färska studier har påvisat signifikant resultat i aktieprisprediktering med hjälp av artificiella LSTM neurala nätverk [6][34]. Detta arbete undersöker kombinerade effekten av dessa två framsteg i ett portföljoptimeringsproblem genom att optimera en spektral portfölj med framtida avkastningar predikterade av ett LSTM neuralt nätverk. Arbetet börjar med matematisk härledningar och teoretisk introduktion och sedan studera portföljprestation som genereras av spektra risk, LSTM aktieprispredikteringen samt en kombination av dessa två. Resultaten visar på att LSTM-predikteringen ensam presterade bättre än kombinationen, vilket i sin tur presterade bättre än enbart spektralriskskattningen.
38

IN - eine verteilte Service-Plattform mobiler Prozeßarchitekturen für verkehrstelematische Anwendungen / IN - adistributed service platform of mobile process architectures for traffic telematic applications / traffic telematics IN (eng)

Riegelmayer, Wolfgang P. 14 February 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Der Paradigmenwechsel zur Entwicklungsmethodik innerhalb verteilter Kommunikationssysteme schlägt sich auch in der Telematik zum Anwendungspotential und Systemkomplexität nieder. Dies liefert eine neue Auffasung dessen, was den transparenten Datenkanal ausmacht.
39

IN - eine verteilte Service-Plattform mobiler Prozeßarchitekturen für verkehrstelematische Anwendungen

Riegelmayer, Wolfgang P. 09 January 2006 (has links)
Der Paradigmenwechsel zur Entwicklungsmethodik innerhalb verteilter Kommunikationssysteme schlägt sich auch in der Telematik zum Anwendungspotential und Systemkomplexität nieder. Dies liefert eine neue Auffasung dessen, was den transparenten Datenkanal ausmacht.

Page generated in 0.0692 seconds