Pastaruosius keletą metų, žmonėms vis aktyviau pradėjus reikšti savo požiūrį, įsitikinimus ir potyrius internete, susiformavo nauja tyrinėjimų sritis, kuri apima nuomonių gavybą ir sentimentų analizę. Šios srities tyrinėjimus aktyviai skatina ir jais domisi įvairios verslo kompanijos, matančios didelį, dėka nuolat tobulėjančių rezultatų, praktinį potencialą. Šis darbas skirtas apžvelgti teorinius bei praktinius nuomonės gavybos ir sentimentų analizės rezultatus bei realizuoti prototipinę nuomonės analizės sistemą, skirtą tyrinėti trumpus komentarus, parašytus lietuvių kalba. Taip pat darbe aprašomos problemos, susijusios su lietuvių kalbos taikymu nuomonės gavybos ir sentimentų analizės sistemų veikloje. Galiausiai, baigiamojoje dalyje suformuluojami ir išdėstomi rekomendacinio pobūdžio etapai, skirti nuomonės analizės sistemų kūrimui bei tobulinimui. / In past few years, more and more people started to express their views, beliefs and experiences on the Internet. This caused the emergence of a new research field, which includes opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Various business companies are actively interested in researches of this domain and seeing big potential for practical adaptation of the results. This Master Thesis covers the review of theoretical and practical results of opinion mining and sentiment analysis, including attempt of creating prototype system for opinion analysis of comments in Lithuanian. Also this study aims to identify problems related to adaptation of Lithuanian language in opinion mining and sentiment analysis system work. Finally, last part contains of the formulated guidance steps for development and improvement of the opinion mining and sentiment analysis.

This thesis represents an investigation into the strategies used by postsocialist Chinese male subjects to articulate their subjecthood and desires. The introduction explains the choice for using a phenomenological methodological approach in addressing the issue and also lays out the simultaneous goal of this thesis to inaugurate a move away from political allegorical interpretations as the standard for reading contemporary Chinese literature. The body chapters look at two different contemporary Chinese works to help illuminate the arrival of the Chinese subject. Using Wang Xiaobo's novella "Sentiments Like Water" and the anonymously penned online novel Beijing Story as case studies, this thesis investigates the ways alternative epistemologies and uses of history can undo pathological understandings of queerness and create new identities for Chinese subjects. The thesis concludes with thinking about the direction of the queer and Chinese studies fields and offers future points of investigation.

Este trabalho analisa os sentimentos dos familiares na institucionalização de idosos em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Quando alguém decide que seu familiar idoso necessita ir para uma instituição de longa permanência, seja pelo motivo que for sentimentos e pensamentos surgem. É com esta preocupação que surgiu esta pesquisa, e a primeira questão é justamente saber quais são os sentimentos que este familiar vivencia no momento da institucionalização. Os sentimentos mais citados e que chamaram atenção foram: profundo pesar, irreversibilidade de uma situação, desamparo, culpa e angústia, impotência, tranquilidade, admiração pelo profissionalismo e competência. A segunda questão trata dos motivos que levaram o familiar (familiares) a institucionalizar seu idoso e de como foi a tomada de decisão. Na terceira questão a pesquisa quis saber como este familiar mantém seu vínculo com o idoso. Quando acontece a internação, o familiar não tem somente o direito de continuar mantendo o vínculo, mas também o dever, uma vez que é responsável pela institucionalização. Na quarta questão vamos ter a percepção após a internação. Ou seja, como este familiar (familiares) percebe o lugar onde institucionalizou seu idoso. É muito interessante, pois a convivência faz com que seus preconceitos sejam desfeitos. Este familiar não deve ser apenas aquela pessoa que tem seu idoso em um lar, mas pode ser um agente transformador deste local, dando sugestões e participando efetivamente do dia-a-dia. / This paper examines the feelings of relatives in the institutionalization of the elderly in an aged care institution. When someone decides that your elderly relative needs to go into an institution for a long stay, it does not matte the reason, there are always feelings and thoughts that will arise. It is with this concern that this research has been raised. The first question is just what are the feelings that this family experiences at the time of institutionalization. The feelings most cited and deserve attention were: deep sorrow, irreversibility of a situation, helplessness, guilt and anxiety, impotence, tranquility, admiration for the professionalism and competence. The second issue deals with the reasons that led the family to institutionalize their elderly relative and how was the decision process. The third research question asked how this family keeps their link with the elderly. When the hospitalization happens, the family not only has the right to continue holding the contact, but also the duty, since they are responsible for the institutionalization. In the fourth question we have the perception after the admission, that is, how this family realize and face the institution where the elder is leaving. It is very interesting because the coexistence makes their prejudices to be removed. The family should not be just the element who has their elderly in a nursing home, but can be a transforming agent of this site, offering suggestions and participating effectively in the day to day activities of the institution.

Cette recherche doctorale se propose d'étudier le rôle des mécanismes productifs, et plus particulièrement ceux de la métaphore, dans les collocations des noms d'affects. Cette problématique est traitée sous deux aspects principaux. Dans un premier temps, nous posons la question du rôle et de la place des mécanismes de figuration dans le phénomène du figement en général, puis plus particulièrement dans la construction des collocations. En effet, certaines associations ne sont pas arbitraires et différents types de motivation sont privilégiés, notamment ceux liés aux différents mécanismes figuratifs. Dans un deuxième temps se pose également la question du rôle et du type de la motivation métaphorique dans la description des émotions, question qui prend plus ou moins d'importance en fonction de l'angle d'étude adopté, selon qu'il s'agit de l'approche sémantico-lexicale ou de celle de la sémantique cognitive.Nous montrons la nécessité d'une réflexion plus adaptée aux spécificités du champ sémantique concerné et à l'objet d'étude que sont les collocations, en prenant en compte davantage le niveau proprement linguistique. En effet, la combinatoire lexicale fournit une trace objective des contenus sémantiques et nous permet d'analyser les dimensions sémantiques véhiculées, ainsi que de tester l'ancrage linguistique de la motivation métaphorique (la structuration métaphorique étant analysée en tant que phénomène relevant de la langue), tout en cherchant à décrire le fonctionnement et le rôle de ce type de combinaisons. / L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais

Esta tese faz uma genealogia da concepção de homem econômico emocional, tal como ele aparece no discurso do management americano a partir dos anos de 1990. Para tanto, fez-se uma história de longa duração com a finalidade de compreender como esse sujeito de interesse que estava associado à temática das paixões nos séculos XVII e XVIII pôde se vincular à temática das emoções, surgida apenas no século XIX, advinda da psicologia física e da biologia evolucionista. Para realizar essa história, a tese foi dividida em duas partes. Na primeira, foi abordada a emergência do homo oeconomicus clássico no âmbito da governamentalidade liberal britânica dos séculos XVII e XVIII e foram diferenciadas as três formas de problematização e governo da vida emocional do sujeito de interesse: as paixões, no âmbito da vertente utilitarista-radical do liberalismo, os sentimentos morais, no âmbito da reação do conservadorismo, e as emoções, no âmbito da psicologia física e do evolucionismo. Cada uma dessas três temáticas surgiu ainda no discurso antropológico do sujeito de interesse, mas se desenvolveu em sentidos diferentes: as paixões resultaram no homo oeconomicus, os sentimentos morais, no homo socialis e as emoções, no homo psychologicus. Na segunda parte da tese, demonstra-se como essas três temáticas adentraram as ciências da administração americanas no século XX, caracterizando o controle emocional sobre o trabalho e o consumo. Ainda no discurso do management, essas temáticas se transformaram, em virtude da reação às contestações antidisciplinares da contracultura, dando origem a uma nova concepção de emoções que reúne características das três temáticas anteriores. O discurso do management e, posteriormente, o da teoria econômica neoliberal vinculou essa nova temática das emoções à noção de homem econômico, caracterizado agora pela ideia de capital humano. Constituiu-se, assim, o homem econômico emocional, formando uma distinta concepção antropológica e uma inédita coerência dos dispositivos de poder emocional. / This thesis makes a genealogy of the \"emotional economic man\", as it emerged in the U.S. management discourse since the 1990s. To do that, it has been drawn a history of how to understand this \"subject of interest\" associated to the theme of passions in the XVII and XVIII centuries. Such theme has been linked to the theme of emotions that was only originated in the XIX century related to the biological psychology and evolutionary biology. To carry out this history, this thesis has been divided in two parts. At the first part, the emergence of homo economicus in the classical liberal governmentality of British seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was discussed, and three forms of government and questioning of his \"emotional\" life were distinguished: the passions, under the utilitarian aspect of the radical liberalism; the moral sentiments, in the backlash of conservatism; and the emotions in the psychological and biological evolutionism. Each of these three themes arose in the anthropological discourse of the subject of interest, but were developed in different directions: the passions resulted in the homo economicus, the moral sentiments in the homo socialis, and the emotions in the homo psychologicus. In the second part of the thesis, it is shown how these three themes were inserted into the American administration science discourse in the twentieth century, characterizing emotional control over workers and consumers. Still in the discourse of management, these issues were transformed due to the reaction against antidisciplinaries countercultural contestations, giving rise to a new conception of emotions that includes characteristics of the three themes featured above. This new theme of emotions will be bound by the discourse of management and subsequently by the discourse of economic theory regarding the economic man, which is now characterized by the idea of human capital. The emotional economic man is thereby constituted, forming a new anthropological concept and a new device of emotional power.

Bien que la discrimination soit devenue illégale et immorale, les recherches ont montré que les comportements discriminatoires subsistent, parfois en se manifestant de manière subtile. Cependant, les processus impliqués dans ces effets sont encore mal connus. En s’appuyant sur une conception émotionnelle du préjugé (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005), l’objectif général de ce travail de thèse était d’investiguer le rôle causal des émotions dans l’émission des comportements discriminatoires, que ce soit au niveau du ressenti émotionnel subjectif mais surtout, au niveau des réactions émotionnelles plus subtiles. La première étude a d’abord montré que les émotions déclarées de colère, de peur et de dégoût médiatisent le lien entre la menace représentée par l’exogroupe et le comportement déclaré envers celui-ci. Au-delà du ressenti émotionnel subjectif, nous émettions l’hypothèse que les premiers instants de la perception de l’exogroupe suffisent à déclencher des réactions émotionnelles (i.e., tendances comportementales), ces dernières entrainant la mise en place d’un comportement discriminatoire involontaire. En s’appuyant sur une organisation en chaine causale expérimentale, les études 3 à 6 ont tout d’abord montré que les tendances comportementales précoces sont déclenchées à partir de l’émotion majoritaire évoquée par l’exogroupe. Les études 7 et 8, en revanche, ne confirment pas le rôle causal des tendances comportementales dans la mise en place des comportements discriminatoires involontaires. Dans l’ensemble, ce travail de recherche apporte des éléments de preuve concernant l’implication précoce des émotions dans le processus de discrimination mais ne permet pas de valider leur rôle médiateur. / Although discrimination is considered illegal and immoral, research has shown that discriminatory behaviors remained present, particularly through subtle behaviors. However, the processes underlying these effects are not clearly understood. Building on an emotional approach of prejudice (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005), the main goal of this thesis was to investigate the causal role of emotions in discriminatory behaviors. The role of emotions was investigated here at the level of subjective feeling but also at the level of more subtle emotional reactions. Study 1 first showed that reported emotions of anger, fear and disgust mediated the link between the perceived threat associated to a social group and the behavior reported toward this group. Beyond subjective feelings, we hypothesized that the perception of an outgroup triggers early emotional reactions (i.e., behavioral tendencies), resulting in unintentional discriminatory behaviors. Consistent with our hypotheses, Studies 3-6 first showed that emotions evoked by the outgroup trigger related early behavioral tendencies. However, Studies 7 and 8 do not support the causal role of early behavioral tendencies in discriminatory behaviors. Overall, our findings provide evidence of early involvement of emotions in the discrimination process but do not support their mediating role.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / In the context of recent attacks that occurred against foreign nationals (migrants) in South Africa, this study sought to explore attitudes toward migrants and immigration among a sample of students at the University of the Western Cape. Previous studies in South Africa and elsewhere have suggested that in most countries, nationals tend to hold negative attitudes toward migrants and express protectionist attitudes toward migration policies. Research around students' attitudes toward migrants and immigration has shown similar trends. The present study employed a sample survey design to investigate: a) Students' attitudes toward African migrants, b) Students' attitudes toward migration into South Africa and c) Degree of contact that students have with African Migrants. A convenience sample of 183 undergraduate psychology students was used. Students‟ age ranged between 18 and 38 years of age (x = 20 years). Data was collected using a questionnaire comprising of 27 questions related to attitudes towards migrants and immigration as well as a section on contact with migrants. The results show that students showed exclusionary attitudes in terms of immigration, limited contact with migrants and negative attitudes toward African migrants. However, attitudes toward migrant‟s rights were positive. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Alors que la plupart des chercheur.e.s en sciences sociales s’accordent sur le caractère éminemment social de l’amour et de l’amitié, peu se sont attaché.e.s à décrire empiriquement la manière dont les dispositions à aimer se forment et sont progressivement intériorisées par les personnes au cour de leur vie, laissant ainsi les vastes questions de la production et du développement des sentiments affectifs et amoureux à des disciplines qui ont tendance à les naturaliser, en biologisant ou psychologisant ses mécanismes.A l’intersection de la sociologie du genre et de la socialisation, l’objectif de la thèse est d’ouvrir la « boite noire » des sentiments en proposant de faire la socio-genèse des rapports –socialement et sexuellement différenciés– à l’amour et à l’amitié. Plus précisément, il s’agit de comprendre comment, dès leur plus jeune âge, les filles et les garçons apprennent à aimer et à bien aimer, c'est-à-dire à aimer, de la bonne manière, les bonnes personnes du bon sexe.A partir d’une enquête ethnographique d’un an réalisée en 2014 au sein d’une école primaire parisienne, d’une quarantaine d’entretiens menés auprès d’enfants et de parents, et d’une analyse secondaire d’une enquête quantitative nationale réalisée en 2008 sur les pratiques culturelles enfantines auprès de 4979 enfants, le travail de la thèse s’emploie à préciser et à décrire en trois temps l’enfance des sentiments, c’est-à-dire à caractériser, au-delà des processus d’acquisitions des dispositions sentimentales, ce que signifient « aimer », « de la bonne manière », « les bonnes personnes » « du bon sexe », en tenant compte à chaque fois des propriétés sociales des enfants et de leurs autrui significatifs.La première partie met en évidence ce que veut dire aimer d’amour et aimer d’amitié pour les enfants. Loin d’être des sujets neutres, les sentiments affectifs et amoureux semblent, selon les milieux sociaux, avoir un âge et un sexe plus ou moins marqués dont la transgression peut s’avérer très coûteuse dans la mesure où elle est susceptible de remettre en cause la définition de soi des enfants, et donc leur réputation et leur rang au sein de la cour de récréation.La deuxième partie interroge les processus qui conduisent les enfants à apprendre à aimer de la bonne manière, c’est-à-dire à se tenir plus ou moins à distance dans l’amour et de l’amitié. Elle souligne qu’en plus d’avoir un sexe et un âge, l’investissement dans les discussions sentimentales a une classe sociale : les garçons des classes supérieures mettant plus facilement en mot et en scène leurs sentiments affectifs et amoureux que les filles des classes moyennes et populaires.La dernière partie, enfin, s’attache à décrire les mécaniques du cœur des enfants, et plus précisément les façons dont les filles et les garçons apprennent à aimer et à « choisir » les bonnes personnes (du bon sexe). En un mot, elle souligne que, une fois les conditions d’âge et de sexe passées avec mention (i.e. être du même âge et du même sexe pour les ami.e.s, et être du même âge et de l’autre sexe pour les amours), il existe trois principales logiques de sélection et de jugement des pairs : une logique « scolaire » vs une logique « ordinaire », une logique intellectuelle vs une logique esthétique, et enfin une logique relationnelle vs une logique morale. Ces logiques de sélection, variables selon les positions de classe des enfants, permettent non seulement de rendre compte de l’existence d’une forte homogamie dans les relations affectives et amoureuses enfantines, mais également d’en expliquer sa précocité et ses différentes conditions de félicité. / While social scientists will certainly agree that love and friendship are social matters, there is a dearth of empirical research on the social processes of formation and interiorization of individuals’ dispositions toward them. Inquires about the production of emotions have provided mainly naturalized explanations, i.e. explanations that only consider the biological and phycological aspects of their mechanisms.To overcome this paradox, this dissertation further understanding on how children of both sexes and different socioeconomic background learn to love correctly, i.e. to love in an appropriate manner, and to love the right people of the right age and sex. This understating implies opening the black box where emotions are produced, i.e. it implies the explanation of the sociogenesis of emotions.I use data from three different sources. First, 1000 hours of ethnographic observation in a Parisian primary school conducted by me during October 2013 and July 2014. Second, 40 interviews with the parents and the children of this school. Third, a national representative survey of 4,979 children aged 11 in 2008 from France. In analyzing these sources, I shed light on three aspects of the production of emotions: (1) how children understand/build the meaning of loving, (2) what does it mean and imply to love correctly, and (3) who are the subjects towards whom love can be experienced.The first part shows that children understand that love and friendship are not neutral matters, and that this understanding varies by children’s social class. There is a sex and an age to each feeling. Love is heterosexual, for adults and mostly a feminine issue, whereas friendship is homosexual and for children. In addition, children are aware that by transgressing the sex and age boundaries of love and friendship they risk their own status as children, their reputation. Social class plays an important role. Children from high-class families are more likely to transgress these boundaries because their their emotional education at home is less marked by gender and age distinctions due to the involvement of the two parents.The second part focuses on the processes that lead children to learn to love correctly, i.e. to keep the right distance from love and friendship when they must. This part highlights that, on the top of having a sex and an age, participation in discussions about (romantic) feelings also intersects with social class. Not only, children from low- and middle-classes were less likely to engage in discussions and openly express their feelings than children with high-class backgrounds, but low and middle-classes girls were also less likely to address this so-called ‘female’ topic than upper-class boys. These social differentiations are mainly due to the extent of fathers’ involvement in their children’s socialisation to feelings. By participating in children’s discussions to love and friendship, upper-class fathers partly neutralise the gender of feelings and legitimate the topic among both girls and boys. In doing so, one can note that social class and gender effects are intertwined, and more specifically that gender effects on children disposition to talk evolve across social class.Last part is devoted to how children learn to choose whom they love and whom they establish friendships with. It is clear for children that and intimate relationships and friendships ought to be established with children of the same age. And that the former type of relationships is restricted to the opposite sex. This part distinguishes three logics in the selection of partner and friends that vary across social class: school criteria vs ordinary criteria, intellectual dispositions vs esthetic disposition, and relational choice vs moral choice. Together these logics demonstrate the existence of a strong homogamy in affective and romantic relations, its early appearance in individual socialization process and its felicity’s conditions

No description available.

In 1780, during the final leg of the American Revolutionary War, Esther Reed penned the broadside “Sentiments of an American Woman.” It circulated in Philadelphia, persuading citizens to turn over their last dollars to the cause. Reed’s broadside called to action the women of Philadelphia; they knocked on doors, campaigned with words, and stepped firmly into the “man’s world” of politics and revolution. Reed’s words were so effective that women in cities across the colonies took to raising money as well. Using New Historicist and feminist reading strategies, this study compares and contrasts Reed’s rhetoric to Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, another revolutionary propaganda piece of the era. I argue that the two pieces differ in key aspects due to Paine’s existence in the public sphere and Reed’s in the private. From her position in the private sphere, Reed was able to produce a provocative piece of rhetoric that stands out against other female literature at the time.