The debate in the media on a new Swedish sex education movie sparked our interest in this study. The twenty-eight minutes long movie “Sex on the map” is the first of it’s kind in twenty-five years. It is also part of a bigger sex educational project that contains, apart from the movie, a book about sex education, a documentary and a teachers guide. The project is a co-production between the Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company (UR) and the Swedish Association for Sexuality Education (RFSU). We were interested in how teachers received information about the project, and what their attitudes were towards it. In the starting phase of the launching of the project, UR and RFSU sent out a promotional box to all Swedish high school headmasters. This was a way to inform schools about the new educational material. Our finding’s showed that most of the respondents did not obtain the box. They recognized parts of the project but had not formed any attitudes towards it. Despite this, the teachers were positive and thought the material could be a great tool to develop and modernize Swedish sex education.

Cross-dialectal acceptance of a written standard (CAWS) is essential for that standard to be used by speakers of divergent dialects of a language. Earlier works have focused on the influence of linguistic differences on comprehension of the standard, but little attention has been given the influence of socio-cultural and programmatic factors on acceptance of a standard. Case studies of the Lelemi and Likpakpaanl language development programmes provide information through which the socio-cultural and programmatic factors which influence CAWS can be identified. Due to the complex nature of the topic, various indicators are used to measure levels of acceptance of the written standard by speakers of each dialect. Socio-cultural factors which influence CAWS relate either to the language community's degree of interdialectal communication or to their perception of being a unified people. These factors include social structure, governance, cultural and religious activities, and patterns of marriage, commerce, transportation and migration. The existence of extensive social networks and the role of opinion leaders were also influential Activities of the two language development programmes which positively influenced CAWS included those which informed and involved speakers of all dialects of the language. These activities built on the existing levels of unity and inter-dialectal communication by using existing social networks. The Lelemi programme involved speakers of all dialects more uniformly than did the Likpakpaanl programme. However, both programmes informed and involved speakers of all dialects to some extent. The dialect communities of each language did not equally accept the written standards. Acceptance appeared to correlate more strongly with programmatic factors than with sociocultural or linguistic factors. This thesis provides a model for language teams to follow in 1) identifying socio-cultural factors which have the potential to influence CAWS; 2) applying knowledge about the socio-cultural situation to programme planning; and, 3) assessing levels of acceptance by speakers of each dialect. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)

Contexte : La mauvaise qualité et la faible utilisation des services de santé contribuent aux taux élevés de morbidité et de mortalité dans plusieurs pays à faible et à moyen revenu. Face à cette situation, le gouvernement du Burkina Faso a testé une intervention novatrice qui combine le financement basé sur la performance (FBP) à des mesures d'équité en santé. Les formations sanitaires ont reçu des prix unitaires pour des services de santé fournis ainsi que des bonus conditionnels à la qualité des soins. Des comités communautaires ont sélectionné les indigents pour leur octroyer des exemptions de paiements des soins. Malgré le peu d’études sur le sujet, des acteurs en santé mondiale craignent que l’intervention puisse avoir des conséquences non intentionnelles importantes. Objectif : Cette thèse vise à accroître les connaissances scientifiques sur les conséquences non intentionnelles du FBP combiné à des mesures d'équité en santé dans un environnement à faible revenu. Méthodes : Nous avons développé un cadre conceptuel basé sur la théorie de la diffusion des innovations. Une étude de cas multiples a été réalisée avec neuf formations sanitaires au Burkina Faso. Cinq mois sur le terrain ont permis d’effectuer 104 entrevues semi-structurées, 266 séances d'observation et des conversations informelles avec un large éventail d'acteurs incluant les prestataires de soins, les patients et les vérificateurs. Les données qualitatives ont été codées avec QDA miner pour faciliter l’analyse thématique. Nous avons également utilisé des données quantitatives du système de gestion pour décrire l'évolution des services et trianguler les résultats. Résultats : La nature et la mise en œuvre de l'intervention ont interagi avec le système social et les caractéristiques de ses membres pour engendrer des conséquences non intentionnelles importantes, dont la plupart étaient indésirables. Les prestataires de soins ont démontré une fixation sur les mesures de rendement, ont falsifié les registres médicaux et ont enseigné de mauvaises pratiques aux stagiaires pour augmenter leurs subsides et bonus. Comme conséquence non intentionnelle désirable, certaines formations sanitaires ont limité la vente de médicaments sans prescriptions pour encourager les consultations. Les vérifications communautaires, durant lesquelles les patients sont retrouvés pour vérifier les services déclarés, ont entraîné la falsification des données de vérification, la perte de la confidentialité des patients et certaines craintes chez les patients, bien que certains étaient heureux de partager leurs opinions. Enfin, les prestataires de soins ont limité les services offerts gratuitement aux indigents, ce qui a déclenché des conflits. Discussion : Cette thèse contribue au développement des connaissances scientifiques sur la façon dont le FBP, combiné à des mesures d'équité, peut engendrer des conséquences non intentionnelles. Les résultats sont utiles pour affiner ce type d’intervention et éclairer une mise en œuvre efficace dans le secteur du financement de la santé. Plus largement, cette thèse démontre la faisabilité et la valeur ajoutée d'utiliser un cadre conceptuel pour étudier les conséquences non intentionnelles. Elle pourra guider les chercheurs à élargir leur angle d’analyse afin de rendre compte des conséquences intentionnelles et non intentionnelles des interventions complexes en santé. / Background: Poor quality and low utilization of healthcare services contribute to high levels of morbidity and mortality in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In response, the government of Burkina Faso tested an innovative intervention that combines performance-based financing (PBF) with health equity measures. Healthcare facilities received unit fees for targeted services and bonuses conditional upon the quality of care. To reduce inequities in access to care, community-based committees selected indigents, i.e., the poorest segment of the population, to offer them user fee exemptions. Facilities were also paid more for services delivered to indigents. Despite the potential of this type of intervention, many global health actors argue that it could lead to important unintended consequences that influence its overall impact. Yet, little attention has been given to studying the unintended consequences of this complex intervention. Objective: This thesis aims to increase the scientific knowledge on the unintended consequences of PBF combined with health equity measures in a low-income setting. Methods: We developed a conceptual framework based on the diffusion of innovations theory. Using a multiple case study design, we selected nine healthcare facilities in Burkina Faso. Over five months of fieldwork, we collected multiple sources of qualitative data including 104 semi-structured interviews, 266 recorded observation sessions, informal conversations and documentation. Participants included a wide range of stakeholders, such as providers, patients, and PBF verifiers. Data were coded using QDA miner to conduct a thematic analysis. We also used secondary data from the PBF routine management system to describe the evolution of services and triangulate results. Results: Interactions between the nature and implementation of the intervention, the nature of the social system, and its members’ characteristics led to important unintended consequences, most of which were undesirable. Providers were fixated on performance measures rather than on underlying objectives, falsified medical registers, and taught trainees improper practices to increase subsidies and bonuses. As a desirable unintended consequence, we found that some facilities limited the sale of non-prescribed medication to encourage patients to consult. Community verifications, in which patients are traced to verify the authenticity of reported services and patient satisfaction, also led to unintended consequences, such as the falsification of verification data, the loss of patient confidentiality, and fears among patients, although some were pleased to share their views. Lastly, health equity measures also triggered changes that were not intended by program planners. For example, providers limited the free services and medication delivered to indigents, which led to conflicts between parties. Discussion: This thesis contributes to the development of scientific knowledge on how PBF interventions, combined with equity measures, can trigger unintended consequences in a low-income setting. The results are useful to inform effective implementation and refine interventions, particularly in the health financing sector. More broadly, this thesis demonstrates the feasibility and added value of using a conceptual framework to study the unintended consequences of complex health interventions. This thesis can inspire and guide future researchers to broaden their analytical horizons to capture both intended and unintended consequences of health interventions.

This thesis examines and provides insight into the financial services industry and how the new payment services directive, PSD2, may come to change consumer behaviour and thereby the industry. The research is exploratory and relies on a quantitative consumer-facing survey as well as four semi-structured interviews with representatives from some of Sweden's largest banks and third party payment providers. The results show that it is likely that the increased competition will open up the market for new actors in the market acting as financial marketplaces thereby leading to minimising the tradeoff between simplicity and multiple providers. As such, in the future we will likely see less consumer loyalty and more focus on the individual products and services as opposed to who is providing them. / Detta examensarbete undersöker och ämnar att bidra med insikt i den svenska finanstjänstesektorn och hur det nya betaltjänstdirektivet, PSD2, kan komma att förändra konsumentbeteenden och därmed branschen. Arbetet är explorativt och utgår från en enkät riktad till konsumenter samt fyra stycken semi-strukturerade intervjuer med representanter från några av Sveriges största banker och tredjepartsaktörer. Resultaten visar att det är sannolikt att ökad konkurrens kommer att öppna upp marknaden för nya aktörer att verka som finansiella marknadsplatser vilket minimerar kompromissen av att välja mellan enkelhet och flertalet leverantörer. Följaktligen kommer vi sannolikt se mindre konsumentlojalitet och mer fokus på de individuella produkterna och tjänsterna snarare än leverantör.

Many industries are today facing the possibilities and challenges arising with an increasingly digitalised world. One such is the scantily studied industry of earth-moving contractors that today stands in front of an increasing amount of digital technologies, which may have the possibility to assist firms in their earthwork operations. However, there are indications that many firms tend to experience difficulties to beneficially adopt or see the potential of utilising these digital technologies. Hence, many firms tend to undertake an adoption approach that is associated with high client dependency and a less beneficial unsustainable subordinated position within the industry’s value chain. The purpose of this study has thus been to explore how the technological, organisational and external elements affect earth-moving contractors’ opportunity to adopt and utilise digital technologies in their operations. Moreover, the study has aimed to contribute with the understanding and knowledge of how the adoption of digital technology can be used to strengthen Swedish contractors’ position in the earth-moving industry’s value chain and in the end, aid the country’s sociotechnical development. The findings of the study are based on an explorative multiple case study approach and extensive review of literature. The results suggest that the extent to which adoption and utilisation of digital technologies differs among different earth-moving firms. Three of the five studied companies are considered as digital forerunners which have been able to leverage digital technologies to increase efficiency in their operations. In the case of two of these firms, the adoption of digital technology has enabled them to transform their whole businesses and partake in an increased and more beneficial role within the value chain. Further, the analysis of the findings indicates that the difference in adoption is affected by several factors related to a continuous interaction between (1) the internal aspects of the organisations, (2) the external context of the firms and (3) if the technical features of the digital technologies are perceived as compatible and beneficial for, the current business process and strategy. The thesis contributes to academia with explorative findings within a scarcely studied industry in general and, regarding digital technology adoption in particular. Additionally, the study provides examples of the previously unrecognised industry-dynamic phenomena of value chain integration by earth-moving contractors. These findings could have implications for the whole construction sector in Sweden. Lastly, the study exemplifies opportunities and barriers crucial for the adoption and implementation of digital technologies within smaller project-based organisations. / Många branscher och industrier idag står inför utmaningarna och möjligheterna som uppstår i en allt mer digitaliserad värld. Ett tydligt exempel är maskinentreprenadsbranschen som idag ställs inför valet att införa nya och alltmer avancerade digitala verktyg som har möjlighet att främja deras operativa verksamheter. Dock finns indikationer att många företag har svårigheter att tillämpa och anamma dessa verktyg på ett gynnsamt sätt och är beroende av deras kunders agerande för aktivering av dessa. Studiens syfte har således varit att undersöka hur relationen mellan teknologiska, organisatoriska och externa faktorer påverkar maskinentreprenörernas möjligheter att aktivera och nyttja digitala teknologier i deras operativa verksamheter. Vidare har studien varit ämnad åt att bidra till en ökad förståelse och kunskap för hur digitala teknologier kan användas för att stärka maskinentreprenörernas position i värdekedjan för att slutändan främja Sveriges sociotekniska samhällsutveckling. Rapportens resultat bygger på en explorativ flerfallsstudie samt en gedigen litteratursökning. Resultaten visar på skillnader i hur digitala tekniker har tillämpats och används bland olika maskinentreprenörer. Tre av studiens fem fallföretag är digitalt framstående och har strategiskt tillämpat digital teknik som gett upphov till kraftig effektivitetsökning. Två av dessa företag har dessutom lyckats med en gynnsam ompositionering i värdekedjan som dessa befinner sig i, som ett resultat av anammandet av ny digital teknik. Vidare påvisar studiens analys av resultaten att möjligheten för aktivering av digitala teknologiska innovationer påverkas av ett kontinuerligt förändrande samspel mellan (1) maskinentreprenörernas organisatoriska egenskaper, (2) externa omständigheter samt (3) huruvida den digitala teknologins tekniska attribut uppfattas som kompatibla och fördelaktiga med nuvarande affärsverksamhet och strategi. Rapporten bidrar akademiskt med värdefull och explorativ empiri till en industri med en bristande mängd av forskning generellt, och i synnerhet gällande utnyttjandet samt tillämpandet av nya digitala teknologier. Dessutom bidrar studien med exempel och insikter om ett industridynamiskt fenomen, som tidigare ej uppmärksammats, i form av maskinentreprenörers förmåga att förflytta sig i värdekedjan. Dessa strukturella förändringar kan få konsekvenser för den svenska byggindustrin. Slutligen exemplifierar studien avgörande möjligheter och barriärer för införandet av digitala teknologier i mindre projektbaserade organisationer.

Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master's Degree of Technology: Information Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2008. / Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) allows for the wireless transfer of data between a small electronic transmitting tag and a reader without the necessity of line-of-sight. A feature of RFID, is that this read operation may occur over long distances and that multiple reads may occur. The aim of this study is to analyse the nature and extent of RFID adoption in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. The study fits within the theory of innovation diffusion and is concerned with issues around technology diffusion, adoption rates, and its associated critical success factors. The estimation of RFID diffusion rate in the study is based on a telephonic survey of 140 companies. The respondents were chosen from a marketing database that had extensive information on South African companies. Size was determined to be the selection criterion as the literature indicates that size is the most compelling concomitant to innovativeness. In this study, size was deemed to be companies that had more than 50 PC’s in one geographic unit, of the company, in KwaZulu-Natal. The key research result locates the RFID diffusion rate in KwaZulu-Natal to be around 19% which corresponds to points beyond the “chasm” as defined by innovation diffusion theory. The second phase of the study comprised the administration of a questionnaire to two groups of IT professionals with the aim of comparing perceptions and other characteristics between the two groups. The 140 respondents were asked to submit as many professional staff as they could for an in-depth interview. The result was that 21 companies submitted 30 candidates. This yielded the two groups: the Adopter sample with 14 respondents, and the non-adopter sample with 16 respondents. The analysis of results shows the two groups have similar views on many strategic factors such as privacy, security, cost and standards etc. Adopters perceive that the following factors impacts RFID adopting decisions more (than non-adopters): Turnover, Having labour cost savings, RFID ubiquity, It will take as long for my company to adopt RFID as it did for barcode, RFID cost awareness. On the other hand non-adopters felt that the following factor impacts non-adoption of RFID Technology unproven or immature, Human skills non-availability, Implementation costs, Corporate resistance, and, Support Concerns.

著眼於全球生態與環境急速惡化之困境，環保政策成為各國政府傾力推動與執行的核心政策。企圖經由政策規劃與有效執行，達成教育社會大眾、進行社會行為變遷、保護全球生態的終極目標。環保署於2002年開始推動的限制使用塑膠袋政策即為一例。然而，限用政策通動力時至今，於2004年級2005年宣告部分政策停止執行。事實證明，限用政策之推廣與擴散受到阻礙。本研究為了尋求受阻原因，針對台北市文山區模範鄰里進行深度訪談研究，以及個案分析研究，希冀釐清限用政策執行障礙。 本研究針對政策行銷推廣擴散之面向，結合社會學研究方案中之創新擴散模式，以及政策行銷推廣模式，發現意見領袖之傳播途徑唯一有效影響社會大眾行為習慣之管道。歸納分析Everett M. Rogers曾進行的四個成功個案，發現有效之政策推廣及執行必須長期宣導、採行非強制性政策規劃與推廣、取得意見領袖高度認同、運用實際經驗影響與溝通模式，方能有效影響社會大眾，成功進行社會行為變遷，以利各項新政策運作執行。 　　本研究針對社區鄰里範圍內之研究分析得知，台北市政府進行限用政策推廣過程，未能妥適運用意見領袖傳播管道，同時礙於社會系絡與文化之差異，無法完全依循個案分析所歸納之各項成功運作因素，可能因此而導致限用政策未能達成預期目標。其中癥結包含：由上而下政策規畫可能無法運用由下而上之政策執行；限用政策未能取得意見領袖認同；政策宣導推廣時程可能過不足；強制規範性之政策規範可能引發反彈等等。因此，限用政策雖然應用了意見領袖的推廣宣導途徑，但是可能基於上述因素而導致政策推廣僅能達成部分預期目標。未來若能針對受阻因素適度修正，加強政策宣導與推廣工作，責各項環保政策可望能順利執行。 / Environmental Protection Policies play the magnificent role in the field of public policy since the environmental pollutions are getting worse and worse in the 21st Century. Environmental Protection Administration, Expectative Yuan (ROC) Taiwan had implemented the Forbidden to Use the Plastic Bag Policy since 2002 in order to protect the nature environment in Taiwan. However, part of this policy had been stop since 2004. There must some problems happened to make this policy incomplete, and this is also the research question. This research discovers that the Opinion-Leadership Communication Model, which is from the combination of the diffusion of innovations and public policy marketing, could be the most efficient communication path between the government and the public to implement the public policy. Through the further analysis of four successful cases adapted by Everett M. Rogers, there are several important elements, including long time to diffuse, no restricted policy, trust from the opinion leader, and experienced influence model, can make the policy implementation successful. The research findings offer the reasonable repressions for the fail of the Forbidden to Use of Plastic Bag. First of all, the policy marketing time is too short. Secondly, most of the local opinion leaders could not really understand this policy or even trust it. Thirdly, the bottom-up policy implementation model does not work with the top-down policy formation. Finally, the main purpose of this policy is to trigger the social change of the green shopping behavior, and the restricted policy implementation could not only fail, but also get more misunderstandings or complains from the public. The proper modifications shall direct a right way for this policy.

(略) / Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm is an emerging architectural blueprint which enables flexible process-oriented application systems. While more and more enterprises plan to adopt SOA to increase reusability and flexibility of their business processes, the readiness of this technology becomes important to enterprises. However, previous SOA studies focus mainly on the technical issues but ignore the organizational or managerial issues. To fill this gap, this research aims to explore the factors of adopting SOA. Developed upon institutional theory and diffusion of innovation theory, we not only consider the technical factors with SOA adoption, but also pay attention to factors related with organizations and IT innovations. Furthermore, a content analysis of online Webs, blogs, and forums is taken to verify our research framework, and research findings indicate the relative advantage of SOA, compatibility of SOA, the characteristics of decision makers, culture, IT capability, and SOA socioeconomic characteristics are the most important drivers for SOA adoption. The contribution is summarized in two folds: (1) enterprises can use this framework as a reference to diagnose their organization conditions and then make a decision to adopting SOA; and (2) researchers can develop their study upon the constructs of this framework.

The Internet is the most common communication and research tool worldwide. Perusal of the World Wide Web quickly reveals the variety of information available. Internet adoption can be considered the late 20th century's most important event. In academic environments today, Internet use among faculty members has been widely expanded, with professors now integrating Internet technology into classroom activities. Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSU) is a pioneering public university in Saudi Arabia. Until recently, some faculty members at IMSU were unable to access the Internet through the university. It is important to study the effects of this delay on faculty members regarding research and academic activities. This study identified the statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics of Internet adopters and non-adopters among faculty members at IMSU, examined whether faculty members' perceptions of the Internet affected adoption, determined if the university administration's decisions impacted faulty members' decisions to adopt the Internet, identified factors motivating faculty members to adopt the Internet, identified obstacles influencing faculty members' decisions to use the Internet, and determined whether innovation characteristics as perceived by faculty members predicted Internet adoption. Using Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory, the influence of eight attributes were examined regarding Internet adoption among IMSU faculty members. Multiple regression and chi-square techniques were conducted to analyze the data and answer research questions. Statistically significant differences were identified among Internet adopters and non-adopters regarding gender, age, academic rank, discipline, and English proficiency. The data revealed 54.7% of IMSU faulty members used the Internet for research and academic activities twice a month or less, indicating a low Internet adoption rate. Statistically significant differences were noted among adopters and non-adopters relative to income level and English proficiency. Multiple regression analysis showed that all attributes of innovation individually predicted Internet adoption. The combination of all attributes indicated the model could predict Internet adoption among faculty.

Abstracts in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / Literature suggests that human resource practices (HRPs), particularly performance appraisal (PA), contribute to innovation. However, the importance of PA amongst other antecedents to innovation is inadequately described. This leaves human resource managers (HRMs) in the dark on which HRPs they should emphasize. This study contextualises the PA-innovation relationship in South Africa and specifies the importance of PA as a driver of innovation within and across organisations. A cross-sectional survey was employed, acquiring data from a broad cross-section of South African employees and organisations. PA, HRPs and three other antecedents to innovation, and innovation itself, were measured. Across organisations, PA was directly responsible for between 3.8% and 5.7% of the variance in innovation. It was also found that, when PA was combined with other HRPs and other antecedents to innovation, the role of PA was significant, though mostly secondary. Within organisations, the pattern repeated itself with the PAinnovation relationship significant in 30% of organisations, with PA never the dominant driver of innovation in any organisation. The research thus revealed that PA, as an antecedent to innovation, plays a subordinate role, both across employees and within specific organisations. When testing more complex models on the PA-innovation link, the results revealed that the PA-innovation relationship is mediated by work engagement (WE) as well as affective commitment (AC), with WE having the greatest effect. Transformational leadership (TL) and corporate entrepreneurship (CE) moderate the PA-innovation relationship, with TL having the strongest effect and CE having almost no effect. Proactive personality does not moderate the PA-innovation relationship. The results specify the relative importance of PA in general and within specific organisations. The main finding is that PA is not the dominant HRP driving innovation. It also shows that leadership behaviour (TL) more than climate (CE), and WE rather than AC influence the PA innovation relationship. The aforementioned will benefit all stakeholders, particularly HRMs, to focus on appropriate HRPs when trying to enhance innovation at the general employee and organisational level. No previous research has discussed the role of PA as an antecedent to innovation in this degree of detail or contextualised the research as has been done here. / Literatuur suggereer dat menslike hulpbronpraktyke, veral prestasiebeoordeling, bydra tot innovasie. Die belangrikheid van prestasiebeoordeling onder ander antesedente vir innovasie word egter onvoldoende beskryf. Dit laat menslikehulpbronbestuurders in die duister waarop menslike hulpbronpraktyke hulle moet beklemtoon. Hierdie studie kontekstualiseer die prestasiebeoordeling-innovasie-verhouding in Suid-Afrika en spesifiseer die belangrikheid van prestasiebeoordeling as 'n drywer van innovasie binne en oor organisasies. Daar is gebruik gemaak van 'n deursnee-opname met die verkryging van data van 'n breë deursnit van Suid-Afrikaanse werknemers en organisasies. Prestasiebeoordeling, menslike hulpbronpraktyke en drie ander voorvaders vir innovasie en innovasie self is gemeet. Regoor organisasies was prestasiebeoordeling regstreeks verantwoordelik vir tussen 3.8% en 5.7% van die variansie in innovasie. Daar is ook gevind dat, toe prestasiebeoordeling gekombineer is met ander menslike hulpbronpraktyke en ander antesedente vir innovasie, die rol van prestasiebeoordeling belangrik was, hoewel meestal sekondêr. Binne organisasies het die patroon homself herhaal met die prestasiebeoordeling-innovasie-verhouding wat in 30% van die organisasies beduidend was, met prestasiebeoordeling nooit die dominante drywer van innovasie in enige organisasie nie. Die navorsing het dus aan die lig gebring dat prestasiebeoordeling, as 'n voorvader van innovasie, 'n ondergeskikte rol speel, beide oor werknemers en binne spesifieke organisasies. By die toetsing van meer ingewikkelde modelle op die prestasiebeoordeling-innovasie-skakel, het die resultate aan die lig gebring dat die prestasiebeoordeling-innovasie-verhouding bemiddel word deur werksbetrokkenheid sowel as affektiewe toewyding, met die feit dat werksbetrokkenheid die grootste effek het. Transformasionele leierskap en korporatiewe ondernemerskap het die prestasiebeoordeling-innovasie-verhouding gematig, en Transformasionele leierskap het die sterkste effek en korporatiewe ondernemerskap het byna geen effek nie. Proaktiewe persoonlikheid modereer nie die prestasiebeoordeling-innovasie-verhouding nie. Die resultate spesifiseer die relatiewe belang van prestasiebeoordeling in die algemeen en binne spesifieke organisasies. Die belangrikste bevinding is dat prestasiebeoordeling nie die dominante menslike hulpbronpraktyk is wat innovasie dryf nie. Dit wys ook dat leierskapsgedrag meer as klimaat is, en werksbetrokkenheid eerder as affektiewe toewyding die binnovasieverhouding beïnvloed. Bogenoemde sal alle belanghebbendes, veral menslikehulpbronbestuurders, bevoordeel om op toepaslike menslike hulpbronpraktyke te konsentreer as hulle probeer om innovasie op die algemene werknemer- en organisatoriese vlak te bevorder. Geen vorige navorsing het die rol van prestasiebeoordeling as 'n voorkennis vir innovasie in hierdie mate van detail bespreek of die navorsing gekontekstualiseer soos hier gedoen is nie. / Izincwadi zisikisela ukuthi imikhuba yemithombo yabantu, ikakhulu ukutuswa ngomsebenzi, kwenza abantu basungule izinto. Nokho, ukubaluleka kwe-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi phakathi kwezinye izinto kudlula ukusungula izinto okuchazwe ngokungenelea. Lokhu kwenza abaphathi bemithombo yabantu besebumnyameni ngokuthi imaphi ama-imikhuba yemithombo yabantu okufanele bawagcizelele. Lolu cwaningo luhlobanisa ukusungulwa kwezinto ze-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi nobuhlobo eNingizimu Afrika futhi ikhuthaze ngokukhethekile ukubaluleka kweukutuswa ngomsebenzi njengokushukumisa abantu ukuba basungule ngaphakathi nakuzo zonke izinhlangano. Kwasetshenziswa inhlolo-vo kuzo zonke izinhlangano, kwaqoqwa idatha kuzo zonke izingxenye zabasebenzi baseNingizimu Afrika nezinhlangano. I-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi, ama-imikhuba yemithombo yabantu nabanye abasunguli abathathu bezinto, nokusungulwa kwezinto ngokwako kwakalwa. Kuzo zonke izinhlangano, i-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi yayinomthwalo ngokuqondile phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-3.8 no-5.7% zokusungula izinto okuhlukahlukene. Kwatholakala nokuthi, lapho i-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi ihlanganiswa namanye ama-imikhuba yemithombo yabantu nezinye izinhlangano ezisungula izinto, indima ye-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi yayibalulekile, nakuba ingeyesibili. Phakathi nezinhlangano, umkhuba wawuziphindaphinda ekusunguleni kwe-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi nobuhlobo nezinhlangano ezingamaphesenti angu-30, i-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi yayingashukumisi ukusungula izinto kunoma iyiphi inhlangano. Ngakho, ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi i-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi, njengento esungulayo, inendima ebalulekile, kokubili kubasebenzi nasezinhlanganweni ezithile. Lapho kuhlolwa izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekuhlobaneni nokusungula kwe-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi, imiphumela yembula ukuthi ukusungula kwe-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi kuhlobene nokusebenza kanye nokuzibophezela okuphumelelayo, i-kuhlobene nokusebenza inomthelela omkhulu kakhulu. Abaholi bezinguquko nabaphathi bezinkampani bayakulinganisa ubuhlobo bokusungula ne-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi, i-abaholi bezinguquko inomthelela omkhulu kakhulu futhi i-nabaphathi bezinkampani ingenawo umthelela. Ubuntu obuhle abulinganiseli ubuhlobo bokusungula kwe-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi. Imiphumela ibonisa ukubaluleka kwe-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi phakathi ezinhlanganweni ezithile. Okwatholakala ukuthi i-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi ayiyona into eyinhloko eshukumisa ukusungula kwe-imikhuba yemithombo yabantu. Ibuye ibonise ukuziphatha kwabaholi ngaphezu kwesimo sezulu, ne-kuhlobene nokusebenza kunethonya le-nokuzibophezela okuphumelelayo ebuhlotsheni bokusungula kwe-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi. Lokho okuphawulwe ngenhla kuyozuzisa wonke ama-stakeholder, ikakhulu ama-abaphathi bemithombo yabantu, ukuze agxile kuma-imikhuba yemithombo yabantu afanele lapho ezama ukukhuthaza abasebenzi abavamile nezinhlangano ukuba basungule. Alukho ucwaningo lwangaphambili oluke lwaxoxa ngendima ye-ukutuswa ngomsebenzi njengesungula izinto kuleli zinga elinemininingwane noma ibeke ucwaningo ngokunembile njengoba kwenziwe lapha. / Business Management / D.B.L.