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During the last two decades, innovations that contribute to sustainable development has received increasing attention in the markets and academia. The diffusion of sustainable innovations is a key element in society’s transformation toward a greener and more sustainable economy. Within industries that utilize industrial gases in their operations, there are thousands of fugitive emission sources that puts strain on the safety of the plant and the personnel. As most gases are combustible and hazardous to humans and the environment, these companies must have effective leak detection and repair (LDAR) programs. In recent years, a new gas detection technology called Optical Gas Imaging have emerged which can identify gas compounds safer and more efficient compared to older leak detection technologies. However, the rate of diffusion of the innovation has been slow and limited to oil and gas industries, even though many other industries such as steel, paper and pulp and chemical industries utilize gases as well. As such, this research has aimed to identify factors that influence the adoption of sustainable innovations within gas-utilizing industries. The qualitative data was gathered through semi structured interviews with gas-utilizing companies in Sweden and analyzed with interpretive methods. The results show that regulatory factors are a strong driver for the diffusion of sustainable innovations while characteristics of price, availability and type of innovationdecision works as barriers. The generated knowledge may contribute on how innovators of a sustainable innovations can overcome these barriers and improve the rate of adoption of sustainable innovations. / Under de senaste två decennierna har innovationer som bidrar till hållbar utveckling fått ökad uppmärksamhet på marknaden och inom forskningen. Diffusionen av hållbara innovationer är ett viktig del av samhällets omvandling mot ett mer hållbart samhälle. Inom branscher som använder industriella gaser i sin verksamhet finns det tusentals flyktiga utsläppskällor som belastar anläggningen och personalens säkerhet. Eftersom de flesta gaser är brännbara och farliga för människor och miljö, är det viktigt att dessa företag har effektiva läckedetekterings- och reparationsprogram (LDAR). Under de senaste åren har en ny gasdetekteringsteknologi, Optical Gas Imaging, kommit fram som kan identifiera gasföreningar säkrare och effektivare jämfört med äldre tekniker för läckedetektering. Däremot, har diffusionsgraden för innovationen varit långsam och begränsad till olje- och gasindustrin, även om många andra industrier så som stål, papper och massa, och kemiska industrier också använder gaser som energi. Därför har syftet med denna stuie varit att identifiera faktorer som påverkar diffusionen av hållbara innovationer inom industrier som använder gaser. Den kvalitativa datan samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med företag i Sverige som använder gaser, där datan analyserades med tolkningsmetoder. Resultatet visar att lagar och regler är en stark drivkraft för diffusionen av hållbara innovationer medan innovationsegenskaper såsom ”pris” och nyckelfaktorerna ”tillgänglighet” och ”innovationsbeslut” agerar som hinder. Den genererade kunskapen från denna studie kan bidra till hur en hållbar innovationskapare kan åtgärda dessa hinder och förbättra dess diffusion i marknaden.

Bakgrund: Under de senaste två decennierna har artificiell intelligens (AI) blivit en viktig del av teknologisk utveckling och används nu på många håll inom samhället. Organisationer och företag behöver följa med i utvecklingen och därmed överväga integrering av AI i olika arbetsmoment. Idag kan företag integrera AI inom redovisningens repetitivt manuella uppgifter, bland annat, för att bidra till effektivisering, stordriftsfördelar, samt för att reducera risken för mänskliga fel. Däremot påpekas att det krävs ytterligare forskning gällande vilka motiv och attityder det finns för att integrera AI i redovisningen.  Syfte: Studiens syfte är att framhäva centrala aspekter, baserat på Rogers adaptionsteori, som är viktiga för att organisationer skall kunna integrera AI framgångsrikt i redovisningen.  Metod: Studien använder en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en abduktiv forskningsansats. Forskningen genomfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio respondenter för att samla in empiriskt material. Samtliga respondenter, som valdes ut genom målstyrt urval, är verksamma inom redovisnings- och IT-branschen. Slutsats: Det krävs kunskap och en gynnsam attityd för att framgångsrikt integrera AI i redovisningen. Dessutom är det även betydelsefullt att ta hänsyn till risker för att bidra till korrekt och säker användning. Vidare skall nyttan av att integrera AI överstiga kostnaden för investeringen, samt förbättra effektiviteten i redovisningens arbetsmoment. / Backround: Over the past two decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a crucial part of technological development and is now widely used in society. Organizations and companies need to keep up with this development and consider integrating AI into various work processes. Today, companies can integrate AI into repetitive manual tasks in accounting, among other areas, to enhance efficiency, achieve economies of scale, and reduce the risk of human error. However, it is noted that further research is needed to understand the motives and attitudes towards integrating AI in accounting. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to highlight key aspects, based on Rogers diffusion of innovations theory, that are important for organizations to successfully implement AI in accounting. Method: The study employs a qualitative research method with an abductive research approach. The research is conducted through semi-structured interviews with nine respondents in order to gather empirical data. All respondents, selected through purposive sampling, are active in the accounting- and IT-industries. Conclusion: It is essential to absorb knowledge and foster a positive attitude in order to successfully integrate AI in accounting. Moreover, it is crucial to consider associated risks to ensure its accurate and secure utilization. Furthermore, the benefits of AI integration should outweigh the investment costs and enhance efficiency in the accounting processes.

In the summer of 2007, a single neighbourhood in downtown Toronto contributed at least 13 percent of all residential grid???tie solar photovoltaic (PV) systems sold in the Canadian province of Ontario. On average, PV purchaser households produced 37 percent as much electricity as they consumed. This research investigates solar energy adoption in a community case study. Specifically, it investigates why some residents who sign up for a solar resource assessment through a community solar energy initiative (CSEI) decide to purchase, and others decide not to purchase in the short???term. Characteristics and perceptions of potential adopters are analyzed to better understand their motivations and barriers to adoption. Community energy projects became an official public policy goal in Ontario, with the passing of the Green Energy and Green Economy Act in 2009. Approximately 80 percent of Ontario???s anticipated generation capacity will need to be built, replaced or refurbished within 15 years. In this context, the Ontario Ministry of Energy, Ontario Power Authority, and Deloitte (one of Canada???s leading professional services firms), have partnered with a ???green benefit??? fund, the Community Power Fund, to help local community groups access resources to develop and establish renewable energy projects. Understanding solar energy adoption in a community context is therefore important to improve the effectiveness of such policies, including the disbursement of multi???million dollar grant funds. Differences between purchasers and non???purchasers in respect of adoption behaviour were found in this study to cluster around two general themes. The first theme concerns differences in compatibility of both the concept of solar energy systems, and their physical attributes, with characteristics of potential adopter households. Some compatibility issues are straightforward, e.g. availability of roof space with a southern orientation. Others are more complex, involving several interrelated perceptual and socio???demographic factors. For instance, while both purchasers and non???purchasers rated cost as a very important barrier, purchasers rated the motivation of solar energy systems to reduce climate change higher relative to the barrier of high financial costs than did non???purchasers. Purchasers were also more likely to possess a graduate degree, while non???purchasers were more likely to hold a professional degree. The second general theme relates to potential adopters??? trust and stake in the ability of the community???based initiative to reduce barriers in the adoption process. Since two types of solar energy systems are considered in the case study???PV and thermal (hot water)???differences are explored between each of three respondent groups: solar PV purchasers, solar hot water (SHW) purchasers, and non???purchasers. iv Surveys were used to gather data on adopter perceptions and characteristics. A participatory research design helped identify the research topic. Two main bodies of literature???community???based social marketing (CBSM) and diffusion of innovations theory???were drawn upon to conceptualize the adoption process and interpret the survey findings. These include five models of human behaviour that can be used to guide the design of CBSM campaigns. Diffusion theory was used as a basis for discussing ???perceived innovation attributes???. The study takes an integrated approach by considering both social and technical aspects of solar energy adoption, together with the issues of fuel substitution and household electricity demand.

This thesis addresses the local reception and use in Sweden of the major international large scale assessments (ILSAs) of student performance: Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) and International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS). The aim is to describe and analyze how Swedish teachers, principals and school directors interpret and possibly use ILSAs in their professional practice. ILSA is treated here as a new idea or a new social technology defining what constitutes good (or bad) education. The theoretical framework combines a top-down perspective provided by Rogers’ (2003) Diffusion of Innovation theory, and a complementary, more critical Policy Enactment approach (Ball et al. 2012), stressing the import-ance of context and local actors’ perspectives. Empirically, the thesis is based on 40 semi-structured interviews carried out in the 2011-2012 school year with teachers, principals and municipal school directors in five municipalities and 12 compulsory schools, selected to cover diverse municipalities, schools, and respondents. The respondents perceive ILSAs as valid evaluations of the Swedish school system. Most think it is important to compare results of different nations, although ILSA is not expected to cover the whole curriculum. Most interviewees are aware that Swedish ILSA results have been declining for years and perceive an urgent need to reverse this trend. However, few of the directors, principals or teachers believe that Swedish schools are in a deep crisis, as described in Swedish media. The participants frequently regard schools as primary determinants of ILSA results, and few blame family, socio-economic, cultural and contextual factors for the Swedish decline in ILSA rankings. There are significant differences between the three occupational groups in their reception and use of ILSA. Municipal school directors who are very well-informed emphasize the influence of ILSA on their local development efforts. Principals and teachers say that ILSAs have had modest direct effects on their work, but they argue that poor Swedish results in international assessments have had indirect effects, for instance by prompting the introduction of a new national curriculum. / <p>Contains an English summary.</p>

隨著競爭環境日漸嚴苛，顧客需求日趨多元，企業需要有更有效率的方式來管理與顧客間的關係，顧客關係管理CRM（Customer Relationship Management, CRM）成為企業關心的熱門議題。但過去的學者研究中，僅止於針對影響企業導入＆系統與否之決策進行研究，然而CRM對於企業經營顧客關係之重要性已被企業所認同，同時面對如此牽涉到龐大人力、資金，與時間投入的系統導入計畫，在導入過程中仍會面臨許多重要決策，因此本研究將針對響導入過程的相關因 數，並經由個案研討的實際驗證，提出具解釋力的理論架構。 經由過去文獻的整理，本研究以Rogers（1983）的創新擴散模型為基礎，將影響CRM導入過程的因素分為認知階段的環境面與組織面因素，以及說服階段認知的創新特質，另外系統供應商及顧問公司則扮演特殊的角色，同時在說服、決策及實行階段皆產生影響。其中環境面又包含競爭強度，需求不確定性及產業環境變化速度；組織面因素包含規模、結構化程度、以及高階主管態度。而認知的創新特質則包含相容性以及系統特性。另外則以資訊與資料的蒐集、累積與儲存、吸收與整理、展現與應用等為被影響的研究變數。並選取目前導入最積極的產業中之標竿企業，包含證券、人壽、行動電話系統業者、電子電腦公司，及網際網路服務提供業者等六家企業，進行深入之訪談，期能從這些正在導入的公司之經驗裡，發現可供參考與依循的準則。 經由對個案公司的深入訪談之後，本研究之研究架構有重大修正。認知階段的影響因素除了環境與組織構面仍存在外，從組織構面中抽離複雜度，並與產品特質、顧客基礎，公司依賴業務人員推廣業務及提供服務的程度共同組成新構面—業務面因素，而系統與顧問公司的選擇則成為企業採用CRM系統時重要的決策因素之一。更重要的是，本研究經由訪談對探討主題有更廣泛而完整的延伸，導入過程可以導入積極度、建置組織，以及建置方式來描述。導入積極度代表導入的速度；建置組織裡包含以專案小組的方式來推動，以及高階主管的參與程度；建置方式則包含CRM要素的建置優先順序、以及委外程度。 研究發現，環境面的因素與組織面的因素皆同時影響到CRM導入過程的積極度及建置方式裡的優先順序；而新增的業務面的因素則同時對CRM導入過程的積極度及建置方式裡的優先順序及自建或委外的選擇有較顯著影響。至於認知的創新特質中，不論是專案管理或是高階參與，其影響到的皆為CRM在建置單位上的特性。而協力單位則因為企業對於系統特性的要求有所不同，而同時成為決策結果與影響導入方式的變數。 本研究期望能藉由結合學術理論與實務應用的方案，提供給正在導入或評估規劃中的企業實用的考慮方向與實際例證，以協助企業在導入過程中自我檢測，選擇最適當的導入程序及設計組織關的配套措施，俾使導入過程順利而達到預期目標。 / To cope with the current increase in both competition and customer requirements, enterprises need more efficient methods to manage their relationships with customers. Previous researches focused mainly on the factors affecting the decision whether or not to adopt the CRM system. As the importance of CRM pertaining to management of relationships with customers has been recognized, meanwhile, with regard to implementation of the extensive software which involves investment of massive human resources, capital, and time, many critical decisions still need to be concerned. This research aims at extracting relevant factors affecting the adoption process and proposes a convincing framework verified by an empirical case study. The research in this study is based on the Innovation Diffusion Model of Rogers (1983) and divides factors affecting the CRM adoption process into knowledge and persuasion stages with environmental and organizational factors in the knowledge stage, and perceived characteristics of innovation in the persuasion stage, while system suppliers and consulting firms as joint associates. Environmental factors include competition intensity, demand uncertainty, and industry changing speed. Organizational factors consist of size, structure, and managerial attitude. Perceived characteristics of innovation are composed of compatibility and system characteristics. Data collection, data storage, data mining, and data visualization work as independent variables. Six companies in securities, life insurance, cellular telephone system, electronics and computers, and the Internet service provider industry were selected as study cases. However, the research frame was revised after investigation. In the knowledge stage, complexity is extracted and integrated with product attribute, customer base, and corporation dependence on sales representative to form one integrated factor called business. Moreover, the independent variables are amended to be more extensive, including adoption activeness, constructing section, and constructing manner. The research shows that environmental and organizational factors affect adoption activeness and priority; and that the business factor influences adoption activeness, adoption priority, as well as outsourcing decisions. Project management and managerial participation representing a CRM constructing section are affected by perceived characteristics of the innovation. Through the integration of theory and empirical data , this research hopes to provide direction for examining the CRM adoption process and organization design, so as to facilitate the fulfilling of the adoption objective.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-10-06T12:09:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação RNascimento_08082011_rev67_Reduzido1.pdf: 2534408 bytes, checksum: a7782d7a921ecb5420ebfea130643146 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-11-25T18:01:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação RNascimento_08082011_rev67_Reduzido1.pdf: 2534408 bytes, checksum: a7782d7a921ecb5420ebfea130643146 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-11-25T18:02:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação RNascimento_08082011_rev67_Reduzido1.pdf: 2534408 bytes, checksum: a7782d7a921ecb5420ebfea130643146 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-25T18:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação RNascimento_08082011_rev67_Reduzido1.pdf: 2534408 bytes, checksum: a7782d7a921ecb5420ebfea130643146 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This study aims to raise the relevant factors - both positively and negatively - to the adoption and diffusion of connected televisions in Brazil. The goal is to develop and test a meta-model, generated from existing models in the literature such as the 'TAM' (Technology Acceptance Model), Davis (1989) and diffusion of innovations 'DOI' (Diffusion of Innovations), Rogers (1995), together with the possibilities brought by this new connected television technology. / Este estudo objetiva levantar os fatores relevantes – tanto positiva quanto negativamente - para a adoção e difusão dos televisores conectados no país. O objetivo é desenvolver e testar um metamodelo, gerado a partir de modelos já existentes na literatura, como o 'TAM' (Technology Acceptance Model), de Davis (1989) e difusão de inovações 'DOI' (Diffusion of Innovations), de Rogers (1995), em conjunto com as possibilidades trazidas pela nova tecnologia dos televisores conectados.

A universidade apresenta um histórico metódico na contribuição para avanço do conhecimento e da tecnologia no quadro econômico e social de um país, por meio do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão. O conhecimento gerado por meio destas pesquisas entre estudantes e pesquisadores pode promover a interação com vários atores, entre eles governo e empresas, ocasionando a transferência da tecnologia gerada na universidade para o mercado. Uma das principais práticas da política científica e tecnológica de vários países tem ocorrido no incentivo à criação de um ambiente de troca de conhecimento entre empresas e instituições de pesquisa públicas e privadas. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi verificar o papel da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná no sistema regional de inovação no período de 2005 até 2015 por meio da interação da UTFPR com as empresas considerando as políticas nacionais e paranaenses. Esta pesquisa se caracteriza por ser aplicada, descritiva e qualitativa, baseada no estudo de caso da UTFPR. Os dados primários foram levantados a partir de um questionário adaptado, com base nas questões aplicadas pelo FORMICT, para ser respondidos pelos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica da UTFPR. Os dados secundários foram coletados em materiais científicos e institucionais. Os resultados encontrados mostram que apesar da UTFPR ser uma universidade jovem, com 12 anos, é uma Universidade importante para o Sistema Regional de Inovação do Estado do Paraná. Tais conclusões são baseadas no fato de que os resultados apresentados no INPI, CNPq, PINTEC e FORMICT são expressivos com relação ao desempenho dos grupos de pesquisa, contratos de estágio, quantidade de egressos empregados, qualificação profissional, apoios tecnológicos, número de clientes atendidos e os pedidos de propriedade intelectual. / The university presents a methodical history in contributing to the advancement of knowledge and technology in a country's economic and social context through teaching, research and extension. The knowledge generated through these surveys between students and researchers can promote interaction with several actors, including government and companies, causing the transfer of the technology generated in the university to the market. One of the main practices of scientific and technological policy in several countries has been in encouraging the creation of an environment of knowledge exchange between companies and public and private research institutions. The general objective of this study was to verify the role of the Federal Technological University of Paraná in the regional innovation system in the period from 2005 to 2015 through the interaction of UTFPR with companies considering the national and paranaenses policies. This research is characterized by being applied, descriptive and qualitative, based on the case study of UTFPR. The primary data were collected from an adapted questionnaire, based on the questions applied by FORMICT, to be answered by UTFPR's Technological Innovation Centers. Secondary data were collected on scientific and institutional materials. The results show that although UTFPR is a young university, with 12 years, it is an important University for the Regional Innovation System of the State of Paraná. These conclusions are based on the fact that the results presented in INPI, CNPq, PINTEC and FORMICT are expressive in relation to the performance of research groups, internship contracts, number of graduates, professional qualification, technological support, number of clients served and Applications.

O mundo está em constante processo de mudanças econômicas, sociais e políticas que afetam os negócios; os concorrentes inovam e os mercados evoluem com insuspeita velocidade. O estudo da Difusão da Inovação com foco nos institutos de pesquisa é importante para o fomento do avanço da sociedade do conhecimento e da promoção da superação dos desafios impostos. O escopo deste trabalho neste cenário, foi o levantamento dos processos de Gestão da Informação que levam à Difusão da Inovação em Entidades de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação – lECTIs – privadas paranaenses, sobretudo aquelas fundamentadas em administração central, corretagem e difusão orgânica. O objetivo foi propor um macroprocesso para a otimização da Difusão da Inovação em ECTIs privadas paranaense. A pesquisa realizada foi do tipo explicativo-descritiva usando o método de análise de conteúdo, partindo-se das melhores práticas resultantes de pesquisas bibliométrica e bibliográfica que nortearam a composição dos instrumentos e técnicas utilizadas. Os resultados da análise permitiram a construção de um modelo de macroprocesso de Gestão da Informação para Difusão da Inovação, composto pelos dados coletados na revisão de literatura, pelos resultados das entrevistas e das técnicas de análise qualitativa a partir do método de análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa contribuiu para desvelar a temática e evidenciar a necessidade de melhor compreensão acerca da perspectiva de Gestão da Informação que apoie as práticas de difusão. O interesse da pesquisa aliou-se a necessidade do Senai do Paraná em padronizar práticas de apoio às indústrias e formalizar os processos de Difusão da Inovação por meio dos Institutos de Tecnologia e Inovação e assim, proporcionar para as indústrias conhecimento, tecnologia e infraestrutura de ponta e promover a inovação e a transferência tecnológica, contribuindo, em última instância, em dados e informações que contribuem para elevar a competitividade da Indústria Brasileira. / The world is in a constant process of economic, social and political changes that affect the business; the competitors innovate and the markets evolve. This study of innovation diffusion focused on research institutes is important for the promotion of the knowledge society advance and the promotion of challenges overcoming. The scope of this research was the surveying of practices of Information Management that would followed by technological diffusion and innovation in private Science, Technology and Innovation Entities (ECTI) of the Paraná state, mainly the ones that are grounded in central administration, brokerage and organic diffusion. The objective was to propose a macroprocess to optimize the innovation diffusion of innovation in private ECTIs from Paraná state. The research developed was explanatory and descriptive type, using the method of content analysis, from the best practices extracted from the bibliometric and bibliographic research that guided the composition of the instruments and techniques used. The results from the analysis allowed the design of a model of process of Information Management to innovation diffusion, compounded by data collected in literature review, the results from the interviews and the techniques of qualitative analysis from the content analysis method. The interest of the research allied with the need from Senai of Paraná to standardize the practice of support to the industries and formalize the processes of innovation diffusion by the Institutes of Technology and Innovation and by this way, provide to the industries knowledge, technology and infra structure and promote the innovation and technology transfer in last instance to raise the Brazilian Industry competitiveness.

A universidade apresenta um histórico metódico na contribuição para avanço do conhecimento e da tecnologia no quadro econômico e social de um país, por meio do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão. O conhecimento gerado por meio destas pesquisas entre estudantes e pesquisadores pode promover a interação com vários atores, entre eles governo e empresas, ocasionando a transferência da tecnologia gerada na universidade para o mercado. Uma das principais práticas da política científica e tecnológica de vários países tem ocorrido no incentivo à criação de um ambiente de troca de conhecimento entre empresas e instituições de pesquisa públicas e privadas. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi verificar o papel da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná no sistema regional de inovação no período de 2005 até 2015 por meio da interação da UTFPR com as empresas considerando as políticas nacionais e paranaenses. Esta pesquisa se caracteriza por ser aplicada, descritiva e qualitativa, baseada no estudo de caso da UTFPR. Os dados primários foram levantados a partir de um questionário adaptado, com base nas questões aplicadas pelo FORMICT, para ser respondidos pelos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica da UTFPR. Os dados secundários foram coletados em materiais científicos e institucionais. Os resultados encontrados mostram que apesar da UTFPR ser uma universidade jovem, com 12 anos, é uma Universidade importante para o Sistema Regional de Inovação do Estado do Paraná. Tais conclusões são baseadas no fato de que os resultados apresentados no INPI, CNPq, PINTEC e FORMICT são expressivos com relação ao desempenho dos grupos de pesquisa, contratos de estágio, quantidade de egressos empregados, qualificação profissional, apoios tecnológicos, número de clientes atendidos e os pedidos de propriedade intelectual. / The university presents a methodical history in contributing to the advancement of knowledge and technology in a country's economic and social context through teaching, research and extension. The knowledge generated through these surveys between students and researchers can promote interaction with several actors, including government and companies, causing the transfer of the technology generated in the university to the market. One of the main practices of scientific and technological policy in several countries has been in encouraging the creation of an environment of knowledge exchange between companies and public and private research institutions. The general objective of this study was to verify the role of the Federal Technological University of Paraná in the regional innovation system in the period from 2005 to 2015 through the interaction of UTFPR with companies considering the national and paranaenses policies. This research is characterized by being applied, descriptive and qualitative, based on the case study of UTFPR. The primary data were collected from an adapted questionnaire, based on the questions applied by FORMICT, to be answered by UTFPR's Technological Innovation Centers. Secondary data were collected on scientific and institutional materials. The results show that although UTFPR is a young university, with 12 years, it is an important University for the Regional Innovation System of the State of Paraná. These conclusions are based on the fact that the results presented in INPI, CNPq, PINTEC and FORMICT are expressive in relation to the performance of research groups, internship contracts, number of graduates, professional qualification, technological support, number of clients served and Applications.