Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-08T17:30:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCGA.pdf: 1377116 bytes, checksum: eeaa4d5429ed9fe1aeac6a215d0acc52 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T14:09:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCGA.pdf: 1377116 bytes, checksum: eeaa4d5429ed9fe1aeac6a215d0acc52 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-09T14:09:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCGA.pdf: 1377116 bytes, checksum: eeaa4d5429ed9fe1aeac6a215d0acc52 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T14:17:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCGA.pdf: 1377116 bytes, checksum: eeaa4d5429ed9fe1aeac6a215d0acc52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / In several research areas, interviews are a means of obtaining data widely used by researchers. These interviews are arranged, in most cases, in several documents and have an informal language, because they are conversations between several people at the same time. Analyzing such documents is an arduous and time-consuming task, bringing fatigue and difficulties to a correct analysis. One solution for analyzing this type of interview is to group documents according to the similarity between them, so that experts can analyze documents of similar subjects more quickly. In this way, this work presents the method SOM4SImD, created to detect the semantic similarity between the documents composed by interviews with an informal language written in Brazilian Portuguese. In order to create this method, an ontology of the same document domain was used, which allowed the use of the formal terms of the ontology, along with its synonyms and variants, to perform the semantic annotation in the documents and to calculate the similarity between the interview pairs. Through the created method, a SimIGroup approach was developed that assists the researchers in the qualitative analysis of the documents, using Coding technique. The results show that the SOM4SImD method and the SimIGroup approach reduce the difficulties and fatigue in the analysis of the documents made by the annotators, helping to increase the number of documents analyzed. In addition, the SOM4SImD method was more advantageous in obtaining similarity between documents than the others found in the literature, reaching significant values for the performance measures, with 0.96 accuracy, 0.93 of recall and 0.94 of F-Mensure. / Em diversas áreas de pesquisas, as entrevistas são um meio de obtenção de dados muito utilizadas por pesquisadores. Essas entrevistas são dispostas, na maioria das vezes, em diversos documentos e têm uma linguagem informal, por se tratar de conversas entre várias pessoas ao mesmo tempo. Analisar tais documentos é uma tarefa árdua e demorada, trazendo cansaço e dificuldades para uma análise correta. Uma solução para análise desse tipo de entrevistas é agrupar os documentos de acordo com a similaridade que existem entre eles, pois assim os especialistas conseguem analisar os documentos de assuntos parecidos de forma mais rápida. Desta forma, este trabalho apresenta o método SOM4SImD, criado para detectar a similaridade semântica entre os documentos compostos por entrevistas com uma linguagem informal escritas no português brasileiro. Para criar este método, foi utilizado uma ontologia de mesmo domínio dos documentos, que permitiu o uso dos termos formais da ontologia, juntamente com seus sinônimos e variantes para realizar a anotação semântica nos documentos e para realizar o cálculo da similaridade entre os pares de entrevistas. Através do método criado, foi desenvolvida uma abordagem SimIGroup que auxilia os pesquisadores na análise qualitativa dos documentos, utilizando a técnica Coding. Os resultados mostram que o método SOM4SImD e a abordagem SimIGroup diminuem as dificuldades e cansaço na análise dos documentos realizadas pelos anotadores, auxiliando no aumento da quantidade de documentos analisados. Além disso, o método SOM4SImD se mostrou mais vantajoso na obtenção de similaridade entre documentos do que os demais encontrados na literatura, alcançando valores significantes para as medidas de desempenho, com 0,96 de precisão, 0,93 de revocação e 0,94 de F-Mensure.

This thesis is a critical examination of the UK defence discourse. It is an exploration of the dominant explanation of defence in the UK in 2015, as evidenced by the artefacts of the discourse - most importantly, by the voices of those within the community. In doing so, this thesis seeks to challenge the notion that there is only one right way to manage and judge the notion of defence, highlighting the cultural and contextual dependence of such ideas, and the dangers which arise from it. In asking the simple question what is defence? I have aimed at identifying the references and experiences, through the deployment of an ethnographic approach, which are drawn on to construct the dominant understanding. In doing so, I have sought to distinguish that which is considered legitimate by the dominant managerial narrative and in what contexts. My findings are illustrated in the form of a power structure within which language and symbolism, and their influence on practice, together build the defence community's expression of identity. The predominance of managerialism in today's explanation of defence in the UK and the failings I have identified as a result, are perceivable throughout the UK public sector. Therefore, the restrictive nature of the narrative in excluding creativity and innovation in the defence sector, also has implications for wider public sector reform in the UK and abroad. The primary contribution this thesis makes rests in the application of the ethnographic approach and a post-structuralist three-pillared framework to a discipline which has traditionally been analysed from an organisational or political perspective. The hope is that, in applying this same approach in multiple contexts, a greater understanding of the mechanisms sustaining dominant explanations can be gained, as well as of the importance of legitimised spaces for innovation and creativity in reform processes.

The aim of this study is to examine how different actors of the society speak about and portrays the Råslätt neighborhood.Further we study how using different terms to describe the area can come to affect the area and its residents. This study is done by using a qualitative method in the form of document analysis based on official documents from three different actors of the society and we also conducted three interviews with representatives from each actor. Different themes are examined that have been identified using a discourse analysis. Through the themes three different discourses were created and identified which are being used by the actors in describing Råslätt. The discourses are then compared with each other. The result shows that there are similarities and differences between the discourses in how Råslätt is described. The result shows that the terms used in the different discourses create different versions of the Råslätt neighborhood. The result also shows that, within the discourses the actors of society consciously relate to their use of languageand that the decision of using or not using a particular term has been made with insight to the risk of stigmatization that might emerge. In conclusion the result shows that the language used by the actors of society affect how they justify their own work.

By using a case study design this essay examines and describes the talent development environment in a football club. The aim of the study is to examine the talent development environment in a youth academy that is a part of a professional Swedish football club that plays in the highest domestic league. The theoretical framework is Fahlström, Glemne and Linnérs (2016) developed model that shows which factors in a talent development environment that are possible to influence. The framework also includes themes and head groups that are connected to Fahlström, Glemne and Linnérs model. This study has a qualitative research strategy in form of document analysis, questionnaires and interview. The results show that the football club works with talent development on all the levels in Fahlström, Glemne and Linnérs model which includes the developmental environment in the football club and its closest surroundings as well as socio-economical, cultural and sport conditions.

The target of master's thesis is implementation of new communication technologies for sales representatives in order to effective and quality communication, time saving and better leading work.

Obsahem této práce je návrh metody porovnání webových stránek na základě vizuálních rysů. Na začátku jsou popsány možné přístupy k porovnávání dokumentů s ohledem na jejich použití. Dále jsou prezentovány přístupy porovnávání zaměřené na vizuální vzhled dokumentů. Zde jsou nejdříve popsány metody pro porovnávání z vyrendrovaného obrázku dokumentu a pak přístup pomocí zdrojového kódu. Tato práce je dále detailně zaměřena na získání vizuální rysů ze zdrojového kódu dokumentu. Je zde popsán návrh nové metody pro porovnávání dokumentů na základě vizuálních rysů, která využívá strukturální popis dokumentu. Součástí je taky popis implementace aplikace a dosažené výsledky. V závěru jsou informace o možném rozšíření navržené metody a dalším pokračování.

The study aims to investigate the current process for vacation exchange at Karlstad municipality to elicit system requirements for a future system. The investigation includes creating an understanding of the vacation exchange process, the roles involved, and their tasks performed in the process. Further, the limitations, the information used, and the decisions made in the vacation exchange process were also a part of the investigation. The investigation of the vacation exchange process is performed by analyzing an internal document from Karlstad municipality and interviews conducted with the three roles involved in the process. The interviews are transcribed, summarized, and modeled by process models using 2c8 Modeling Tool to explain the vacation exchange process, inputs, and outputs, and the tasks each role performs. The findings showed three specific categories in the vacation exchange process that should be improved when a future system is designed and developed to support the process. The three found categories were: lack of information, information flow, and distribution of responsibilities. In conclusion, the future system should have a function to notify the roles involved. Information used in the vacation exchange process should be gathered and easily accessible in the future system. Further, the future system should support communication between the roles involved in the vacation exchange process, as well as include functions for back-up, digital sending of documents, and facilitate rarely performed tasks. Lastly, the future system should define the responsibilities for each role to balance the tasks each role performs in the process.

In the last 20 years, the number of incidents involving police use of force (UOF) has nearly doubled in Canada (Marcoux & Nicholson, 2018). There have been at least 460 documented fatal police encounters across Canada between the years 2000 and 2017 and at least 1,860 police UOF investigations specifically in Ontario (Dunn, 2018; Ontario Human Rights Commission, 2018). According to a 2019 annual report by Ottawa Police Service (OPS, 2019), a municipal police service in Ontario, between the years 2018 and 2019, OPS reported a 21% decrease (from 767 to 607) of applications of force among officers and a 15% increase (from 529 to 609) of UOF reports. Although the latter data is relevant to Ottawa, to better understand and potentially minimize negative police-civilian encounters, both specifically and on a larger scale, this Canadian-focused study centers on policing as well as the context at OPS and explores the extent to which professional education (PE) influences professional practice (PP). It does so by reviewing OPS’s UOF training and gathering perspectives from patrol officers and UOF educators. Using a qualitative instrumental case study (QICS) research design, the study analyzes the UOF training materials that OPS used to certify and recertify officers between the years 2010 and 2021. It also incorporates semi-structured interviews with officers and educators to gather insights on how participants define UOF, their perspectives on their pre-service and in-service training, as well as how they relate their PE to their police-civilian encounters, particularly when they used or did not use force. A document analysis of the data revealed that OPS’s UOF training uses both traditional as well as progressive and collaborative approaches to educate and relate to officers. Such approaches also aim to promote appropriate communication and de-escalation skills. At the same time, the learning objectives found in the lesson plans lack the detail needed to signify that officers have achieved the intended goal of the training. Among the important themes that emerged from the interviews were 1) the differences in priorities, between the officers and educators, concerning UOF training, 2) the value that officers place on their instructors’ experiences, 3) the challenges that educators face while adhering to provincial expectations, and 4) the integral role that training and life experiences play during police-civilian encounters. The relevance of social media was another significant theme that emerged within the study, particularly considering the participants’ views on the current social climate of policing (i.e., how the public perceives the police as well as the contentious debate about defunding the police). With limited research on police perspectives and issues specific to policing in Canada, the present study, by virtue of access to OPS’s training materials, patrol officers and UOF instructors, seeks to initiate rich and meaningful discussions about PE and PP. It also aims to encourage reflection among educators, policy-makers and society so as to address and deepen our understanding of issues related to education.

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur utomhusleken har tagit plats i lekläroböcker mellan år 1990 och 2020. Studien har sin koppling till fritidshemmet då lekläroböcker har samma åldersspann som fritidshemmet. Studien är grundad i kvalitativ forskningsmetod där vi använt oss av dokumentanalys som metod för insamling av empirin. Det empiriska materialet har vi sedan valt att tolka och analysera utifrån Øksnes (2011) tolkning av den karnevalistiska lekteorin. Resultatet av studien är att leken sker både inomhus och utomhus i olika konstellationer. Leken styrs av olika personer, allt från barn/eleverna själva till skolpersonal och föräldrar. Det finns olika syn på lek, vissa böcker ser lek som ett verktyg, andra som nöje och vissa nämner inget om detta. De olika böckerna har olika perspektiv på deltagarantal, där de olika böckerna benämner grupplek, parlek och ensamlek. Lekläroböckerna beskriver lek som kultur, lek som någonting gammalt eller benämns inte det. Studien avslutas med en diskussionsdel där resultatet sätts i relation till tidigare forskning. / The purpose of this degree paper is to study how outside play has been described in play-educational books between the years 1990 and 2020. The study has a connection to leisure-time centers because the play-educational books have the same age span as the leisure-time centers. The study is based on a qualitative research method as we have used document analysis as our method for gathering empirics. We have chosen to interpret and analyze the empirical material based on Øksnes (2011) interpretation of the carnival play theory. The results of the study are that play may occur both inside and outside in different constellations. The play is controlled by different people, from children/pupils themselves to school personnel and parents. There exist different views of play, some books view play as a tool, others as pleasure and some don't mention it at all. The books have different perspectives on the number of the participants, where the different books mention group play, pair play, or playing alone. The play- educational books describe play as culture, play as something ancient or doesn't mention it. The study is concluded by a discussion where the results are placed in relation to earlier research.

Gender mainstreaming is a transnational policy process that has been underway for close to three decades. This paper aims to uncover “which gender is being mainstreamed in global politics” through conducting a textual analysis on twenty global policy documents. The text of the documents was coded into two categories of gender: abolitionist and affirmative. The predictions were that (1) there is a movement toward an affirmative concept of gender and away from an abolitionist one; (2) “women” are being replaced with “gender” in global policies; (3) there is a shift away from sex-based and toward gender-based provisions in global policies; (4) the affirmative concept of gender is being mainstreamed; and (5) that the abolitionist concept of gender is not being mainstreamed. It was found that, out of the five predictions, only the third one is supported by the evidence, i.e., the gender that is being mainstreamed in global politics is abolitionist. Although the results were almost entirely contrary to the predictions, it is important not to underestimate the potential implications of erasing sex-based provisions. In recasting provisions for women as “gender-based” one runs the risk of making them provisions for “femininity”, which consequently could mean limits to female political participation.