There is currently a global trend of democratic backsliding. The term democratic backsliding refers to the process in which a country undergoes a transition towards more authoritarian values and behavior. This process can weaken the democratic norms and institutions and can occur in democratic, hybrid, and nondemocratic regimes. Many countries around the world have been displaying nondemocratic tendencies for decades, but democratic backsliding is also transpiring in countries that have been democratic for an extended period of time. One country that has experienced forms of democratic backsliding is the United States of America, especially under the presidency of Donald Trump. The aim of this essay is to determine what authoritarian behavior Donald Trump engaged in during his presidential term from 2016 to 2020.  The theory on democratic backsliding by Bermeo as well as the four warning signs of authoritarian behavior by Levitsky and Ziblatt will be applied to conduct the research. The study is a qualitative case study, investigating each year of Donald Trump’s presidency. The results of this study indicate that Donald Trump did engage in authoritarian behavior during his presidential term.

Avec l’appauvrissement progressif des ressources minérales près de la surface, l'exploitation minière en profondeur et sous hautes contraintes constitue l'avenir de nombreuses mines en exploitation et en développement. Exploiter en grande profondeur implique généralement la réalisation de travaux miniers sous des conditions géotechniques plus difficiles. Or, une gestion du risque sismique et des dommages qui peuvent en découler est l’une des préoccupations majeures de ces mines. Le support de terrain constitue la dernière ligne de défense pour contrer les coups de terrain et ainsi contribue à la gestion du risque sismique. Dans un contexte dynamique, le système de soutènement sera aussi performant que son maillon le plus faible. Sous ces conditions, une évaluation proactive de la dégradation des systèmes de soutènement doit être effectuée afin d’appliquer des mesures correctives de manière préventive. Dans une perspective de contrôle de la qualité de l’information, les données reliées aux inspections du support de terrain mis en place doivent être facilement accessibles et consultables. Ce mémoire présente le développement d’outils d’analyse sur le support de terrain pour améliorer la compréhension des facteurs ayant une influence critique sur la performance et dégradation du support de terrain soumis à des conditions de chargement statique et dynamique. Ces outils d’analyses ont été développés à partir d’une base de données globale regroupant les observations rapportées sur la dégradation du support de terrain dans une mine profonde en exploitation. Ces observations étaient mises à jour sur une base mensuelle, au minimum, selon les pratiques de contrôle de la qualité appliquées à la mine. La collecte, le traitement et l’analyse des données géologiques, géomécaniques, opérationnelles et sismiques ont été réalisés pour le cas d’étude de la mine LaRonde, située au Québec. Le développement d’une base de données globale et d’outils d’analyses sur le support de terrain a permis d’identifier et d’évaluer de manière quantitative les facteurs critiques et les précurseurs qui influencent la performance du support de terrain. Ce mémoire démontre la contribution à la conception minière et à la gestion du risque sismique d’une base de données globale et d’outils d’analyses sur le support de terrain pour un environnement minier complexe sous hautes contraintes et sismiquement actif.

[pt] Esta tese, Bebês e livros: relação, sutileza, reciprocidade e vínculo, busca compreender especificidades da relação dos bebês no encontro com os livros. Que itinerários percorrem até o encontro com este objeto? Que elementos convidam, provocam o bebê a essa interação? O que os gestos e ações dos bebês revelam, desvelam sobre seus modos de receber e compreender este artefato da cultura? Indagações que subjazem à premissa de que o bebê atua sobre objetos e situações a partir de sua condição de pessoa. A relação, tomada como princípio, assume a sutileza como fio que tece convites, abertura para o acolhimento dos diferentes itinerários de cada bebê no seu processo de imersão no mundo, para o qual o bebê se dá em pequenas doses. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma creche filantrópico-conveniada, da zona sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A primeira parte da tese versa sobre essas considerações na construção das categorias bebês, relação, sutileza, reciprocidade e vínculo. Categorias que orientam a segunda parte da pesquisa, na qual se desdobram reflexões sobre as ações dos bebês com as outras pessoas – bebês e adultos – e com os livros. Ações construídas e observadas a partir da proposta de cenários literários que envolveram objetos – livros, tecido, câmera fotográfica –, e as pessoas da pesquisa. Os itinerários relacionais dos bebês apontam para uma relação subversiva com o livro, que se coaduna com os movimentos inaugurais, espontâneos, marcados pela força dos gestos que põem o livro al dente; do livro que instiga jogo a partir de sua materialidade – abre-fecha-abre-fecha –, dos brinquedos com a língua; da reciprocidade e do vínculo que se desdobram a partir das relações e interações entre pessoas e livros. Especificidades que convidam a refletir sobre o antes, sobre gestos e movimentos que despontam possível gênese da descoberta do livro pelo bebê. A partir dessa relação, o livro revela-se como matéria e materialidade fora do lugar ordenado, sacralizado que, por vezes, ocupa institucional e socialmente, levando-o a ser alterado, modificado, atualizado a partir da força transformadora do bebê. Faces e interfaces geracionais que se fiam na sutileza, na reciprocidade, no vínculo, confirmando a relação como princípio. Os estudos da Filosofia Antropológica de Martin Buber, da Psicologia e Psicanálise de Donald W. Winnicott compõem o tecido sob o qual tece, fia, se desfia, se fabula sobre bebês e livros. / [fr] Cette thèse, Bébés et livres: relation, subtilité, réciprocité et lien cherche à comprendre des spécificités de la relation des bébés dans sa rencontre avec les livres. Quels chemins trace-t-il jusqu à la rencontre de cet objet? Quels éléments invitent, attirent le bébé à cette interaction? Quelles manières de recevoir et de comprendre cet artefact de la culture sont révèlées et dévoilées par les gestes et les actions des bébés? Questions qui sont soumises à la prémisse que le bébé agit sur des objets et des situations à partir de son statut de personne. La relation prise comme principe nécessite de subtilité comme d un fil qui tisse des invitations, ouverture pour accueillir des différents itinéraires de chaque bébé dans son processus d immersion dans le monde, pour lequel le bébé est donné à petites doses. La recherche a été réalisée dans une crèche philanthropique-convenue, situé dans la zone sud de la ville de Rio de Janeiro. La première partie de la thèse traite de ces considérations pour la construction des catégories bébés, relation, subtilité, réciprocité et lien. Celles qui guident la deuxième partie de la recherche, dans laquel les réflexions se déroulent sur les actions des bébés envers d autres personnes - bébés et adultes - et des livres. Actions construites et observées à partir de la proposition de scénarios littéraires impliquant des objets - livres, tissu, caméra, - et les participants à la recherche. Les itinéraires relationnels des bébés pointent vers une relation subversive avec le livre qui s inscrit dans les mouvements inauguraux, spontanés, marqués par la force des gestes dont ils prennent le livre aux dents; du livre qui incite à jouer à partir de sa matérialité - ouvrir-fermer-ouvrir-fermer - jeux et jouets avec la langue; de la réciprocité et du lien qui se déroulent à partir des relations et interactions entre les gens et les livres. Des spécificités qui invitent à réfléchir sur l avant, sur des gestes et des mouvements qui pointent vers une possible genèse de la découverte du livre par le bébé. A partir de cette relation le livre se révèle comme matière et matérialité, au-delà de la place ordonnée et sacralisée qui, parfois, occupe à la fois institutionnellement et socialement, en devenant un objet à être modifié, actualisé par la puissance de transformation du bébé. Faces et interfaces générationnelles qui se tissent en subtilité, réciprocité, lien, misant en evidence la relation en tant que principe. Les études de la Philosophie Anthropologique de Martin Buber, la Psychologie et la Psychanalyse de Donald W. Winnicott composent le tissu où on enfile, désenfile, fabule sur bébés et les livres.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis has two aims. The first is to assess the cogency of the three most influential theories of intention – namely those of Elizabeth Anscombe, Donald Davidson and Michael Bratman. I identify five requirements that a convincing account of intention must fulfil, and then assess each of these theories in light of these five requirements. In the course of this analysis, I demonstrate that, while each of these theories contributes to our understanding of intention, none of them meet all the specified requirements. This leads to the second aim of this thesis, which is to develop an account of intention capable of overcoming the problems inherent in the foregoing theories of intention and hence fulfilling the specified requirements. This account is built around the definition of intention as a complex mental entity, consisting of two components: a revisable pro-attitude and a belief that the agent will try to fulfil this pro-attitude. It must further be possible for the agent to reflexively reconstruct the belief component without external information. I begin by setting out the five requirements for a convincing account of intention. In each case, I explain why it is necessary for a theory of intention to meet the relevant requirement, and elaborate on what is needed for an account of intention to fulfil this requirement. The five requirements for a convincing account of intention are: 1) It must explain the unity of the three seemingly irreconcilable uses of intention; 2) it must explain the epistemic requirements for intention; 3) it must clarify the relationship between intention and motivation, intention and causes, and intention and reasons; 4) it must explain the relationship between intention and practical reasoning, and 5) it must clarify the relationship between intention and moral responsibility. Together, these five requirements form the yardstick against which I evaluate the different theories of intention. With this yardstick in mind, I am then able to assess each of the influential theories of intention developed by Anscombe, Davidson, and Bratman. In each case, I examine how the relevant theory of intention fares in meeting each of the five requirements. This analysis shows that, while each theory provides a number of important insights, none of them succeeds in meeting all five requirements. Such analysis further enables me to identify the specific difficulties that have stymied the attempts of all three thinkers to develop a convincing account of intention. Having identified the strengths and weaknesses of the three preceding accounts of intention, I then try to work out an alternative account of intention that would not fall prey to the same complications. Following the same modus operandi as before, I evaluate my proposed account against the five requirements for a convincing theory of intention. In each case, I show that my account not only succeeds in meeting the specified criterion, but also, crucially, that it is able to overcome the difficulties that have plagued previous attempts to fulfil this criterion. I conclude that, while this account is not necessarily conclusive, it does meet the conditions for a convincing account of intention and thereby casts some light into the conceptual darkness surrounding intention that Anscombe identified more than half a century ago. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis het twee oogmerke. Die eerste is om die oortuigingskrag van die drie mees invloedryke teorieë van intensie te beoordeel – naamlik die van Elizabeth Anscombe, Donald Davidson en Michael Bratman. Ek identifiseer vyf vereistes waaraan ‘n oortuigende verklaring van intensie moet voldoen en beoordeel dan elk van hierdie teorieë aan die hand van hierdie vyf vereistes. In die loop van hierdie analise wys ek dat, alhoewel elkeen van hierdie teorieë tot ons verstaan van intensie bydra, geeneen aan al die gespesifiseerde vereistes voldoen nie. Dit lei tot die tweede oogmerk van die tesis, wat die ontwikkeling van ‘n teorie van intensie behels wat daartoe in staat is om die probleme wat inherent aan die voorgenoemde teorieë is, te oorkom en wat dus aan die gespesifiseerde vereistes voldoen. Hierdie teorie berus op die definisie van intensie as ‘n komplekse mentale entiteit wat uit twee komponente bestaan: ‘n wysigbare pro-houding en ‘n oortuiging dat die agent hierdie pro-houding sal probeer vervul. Dit moet verder ook vir die agent moontlik wees om die oortuigingskomponent refleksief te rekonstrueer sonder eksterne inligting. Ek begin deur die vyf vereistes vir ‘n oortuigende verklaring van intensie uiteen te sit. In elke geval verduidelik ek hoekom dit nodig is vir ‘n teorie van intensie om aan die relevante vereiste te voldoen en werk ek uit wat nodig is vir ‘n verklaring van intensie om aan hierdie vereiste te voldoen. Die vyf vereistes vir ‘n oortuigende verklaring van intensie is: 1) Dit moet die ooreenstemming tussen die drie skynbaar onversoenbare gebruike van intensie verduidelik; 2) dit moet die epistemiese vereistes vir intensie verduidelik; 3) dit moet die verhouding tussen intensie en motivering, intensie en oorsake, en intensie en redes verhelder; 4) dit moet die verhouding tussen intensie en praktiese redenering verhelder; en 5) dit moet die verhouding tussen intensie en morele verantwoordelikheid verhelder. Gesamentlik vorm hierdie vyf vereistes die maatstaf waarvolgens ek die verskillende teorieë van intensie evalueer. Met hierdie maatstaf in gedagte is ek dan in staat daartoe om elkeen van die invloedryke teorieë van intensie, wat ontwikkel is deur Anscombe, Davidson en Bratman, te beoordeel. In elke geval ondersoek ek hoe die relevante teorie van intensie vaar in die voldoening aan elkeen van hierdie vyf vereistes. Hierdie analise wys dat, alhoewel elke teorie ‘n aantal belangrike insigte bied, geen van hul daarin slaag om aan al vyf vereistes te voldoen nie. So ‘n analise stel my verder in staat om die spesifieke probleme te identifiseer waardeur die pogings van al drie denkers om ‘n oortuigende verklaring van intensie te ontwikkel, gestuit is. Nadat ek die sterk en swakpunte van die drie voorafgaande verklarings van intensie geïdentifiseer het, probeer ek dan om ‘n alternatiewe teorie van intensie uit te werk wat nie aan hierdie selfde komplikasies onderhewig is nie. Deur dieselfde modus operandi as voorheen te volg, evalueer ek my voorgestelde verklaring aan die hand van die vyf vereistes vir ‘n oortuigende teorie van intensie. In elke geval wys ek dat my verklaring nie bloot daaraan slaag om aan die gespesifiseerde kriterium te voldoen nie, maar ook, van deurslaggewende belang, dat dit in staat daartoe is om die probleme te oorkom waardeur vorige pogings om die kriterium te vervul, geteister is. Ek kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat, alhoewel hierdie teorie nie noodwendig afdoende is nie, dit wel die voorwaardes vir ‘n oortuigende verklaring van intensie vervul en hierdeur lig werp op die konseptuele duisternis waarin intensie gehul is en wat meer as ‘n halfeeu gelede deur Anscombe geïdentifiseer is.

This dissertation explains how and why some American artists investigated visual phenomena and heightened perception during the 1960s and 1970s. As an analytical account grounded in the perceptual experience of artworks and in archival research of the claims artists made for their creations, this study is centered around the themes of re-sensitizing one’s body and perceptual faculties, the process of empirical discovery, and the ultimate inability of language to satisfactorily describe sensory phenomena. In Chapter 1, I establish a brief intellectual history of research concerning the sensory faculties from fields in the humanities, including psychology, philosophy, and art history. In Chapter 2, I analyze Judd’s art-critical concept of optical phenomena and consider the art about which he wrote, including his own, on the basis of this tentative classification. In Chapter 3, I evaluate John Chamberlain’s lacquer paintings in terms of the visual phenomena generated by his innovative paint mixtures and application techniques, then consider his provisional separation of intuition and intellect. In Chapter 4, I examine Robert Irwin’s efforts to refine his visual attentiveness and, in the course of doing so, I also test the accompanying artworks he made that demand such unusually acute observation. In Chapter 5, I argue that distinguishing physical, pictorial, and reflected visual phenomena in Larry Bell’s pieces proves to be an exceptional challenge, a problem compounded by the inefficacy of trying to communicate visual discoveries using language. In the Conclusion, I demonstrate that by restoring the role of heightened perception and sensory discovery to the history of art of the 1960s and 1970s, this dissertation helps to preserve the complexity and variety of works made during that time. / text

The current president of the United States, Donald Trump, has been identified as the reason for a large shift in American foreign policy towards a doctrine closer to that of political realism. This claim has led us to examine if this transformation could be detected and described if we analyzed and compared Trump’s foreign policy doctrine with his predecessor, Barack Obama, through the lens Thomas Hobbes, whose ideas are at the core of the three modern schools of political realism. Accordingly, in this thesis, we deduce an analytical framework from the original corpus of Hobbes, where anarchy is divided into moral and empirical variables, identified as the primary factors for behavior in international settings. This is then applied inductively via a comparative qualitative content analysis to two primary documents, the National Security Strategies of 2010 containing the foreign policy doctrine of Obama, and the National Security Strategy of 2017 containing the doctrine of Trump. Our thesis shows a large shift in how the Presidents view the world in moral terms, or how they see it fit for the American executive to act on the international stage. And a relatively minor shift in empirical terms, or their perception of the foundational reality of the world system which they both consider to be of an anarchical nature closely connected to the theoretical model presented by our interpretation of Hobbes

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabianoSipahi.pdf: 735502 bytes, checksum: 266c7b2e0164c18a6fe3591ab6feb240 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-14 / The essay investigates the concept of Winnicottian interpretation, taking as the starting point the paradigm change carried out by D. W. Winnicott in psychoanalysis. It was found that the change in the central problem of the psychoanalysis performed by Winnicott (the replacement of Oedipus problems for problems of the baby on the mother s lap) and the introduction of a new guiding theory (the theory of maturation instead of the theory of sexuality) ended up demanding changes in the internal structure of psychoanalytical theory. As a consequence, the transformation of the analytical work and interpretation occurred. According to that perspective, we studied the main aspects of Winnicottian psychoanalysis interpretation and its role in the solution of disorders, untreated by the traditional theory. Such modification is widespread to the extent of amplifying the meaning of the psychoanalytical interpretation / Esta dissertação investiga o conceito de interpretação winnicottiana, tomando como ponto de partida a mudança paradigmática realizada por D. W. Winnicott na teoria psicanalítica. Constatou-se que a alteração do problema central da psicanálise operada por Winnicott (a substituição dos problemas edípicos pelos problemas do bebê no colo da mãe) e a introdução de uma nova teoria-guia (a teoria do amadurecimento no lugar da teoria da sexualidade) acabaram por exigir modificações na estrutura interna da teoria psicanalítica. Como conseqüência, ocorreu a transformação do trabalho analítico e da interpretação. De acordo com essa perspectiva, estudamos os aspectos principais da interpretação na psicanálise winnicottiana e o seu papel na resolução de distúrbios, não tratados pela teoria tradicional. Tal modificação é abrangente a ponto de ampliar de modo decisivo o sentido da interpretação psicanalítica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PCL - Daniela Della Torre.pdf: 519251 bytes, checksum: 14f1ca2c34c5fb05be06178fff292390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The work Clarice Lispector: about the loneliness of not belonging to the fourth dimension discusses the major constitutive issues of people s way of being. The dialogue with Clarice Lispector, a well known person, with a special way of being, brings light to this discussion and gives its contribution while presenting its singularity. This study is based on Donald W. Winnicott s psychoanalytical assumptions and especially on Gilberto Safra s id eas about the personal idiom . The story of Clarice, the studies about her, the testimonials she left during her life and the new reading of her works allow us to unveil her personal idiom the mission/issue of belonging/not belonging, her loneliness and silence that appears in her writings. An Artisan s essay tries do reconstruct this career, this way of being. From The loneliness of not belonging to the fourth dimension the personal idiom designs itself in an ontological perspective. In the beginning there is a mission that does not allow a future. But, during her life, it was positioned as an issue and the not belonging and the wish of belonging appear as fundamental aspects. Clarice s loneliness is the center of a secret, of a mystery, behind her thoughts. While the silence, source of my words, becomes her expected presence. The word, fourth dimension, when it appears, touches her hidden face and saves her. Clarice s clarity in face of existence and human condition allow us to discover her humanity, beyond herself. With the word she discovers the destiny of her issues, she builds the bridge between to be and not to be in witch we find singularities of the human being / O estudo Clarice Lispector: da solidão de não pertencer à quarta dimensão reflete sobre as principais questões constitutivas o modo de ser das pessoas. O diálogo com Clarice Lispector, pessoa conhecida e com modo especial de ser, ilumina essa reflexão e contribui para apresentar sua singularidade. Este estudo é norteado pelos pressupostos psicanalíticos de Donald W. Winnicott e, principalmente, baseado nas concepções de Gilberto Safra sobre o idioma pessoal. A história de Clarice, os estudos clariceanos, os depoimentos deixados ao longo de sua obra e a releitura dela apontam para o desvelamento de seu idioma pessoal missão/questão, pertencer/não, solidão e silêncio que deságuam na sua palavra. Tentativa de artesão busca reconstruir essa trajetória, esse jeito de ser. Em Da solidão de não pertencer à quarta dimensão o idioma pessoal vai se desenhando dentro de uma perspectiva ontológica. No começo há uma missão, que impede o devir. No entanto, ao longo da existência foi re-posicionada em questão, surge o não pertencer e o anseio de pertencer como elementos constitutivos. A solidão clariceana é o núcleo do segredo, do mistério, do atrás do pensamento. Enquanto o silêncio, fonte de minhas palavras, se faz presença esperada. É a palavra, quarta dimensão, que ao emergir toca sua face oculta e a salva. A lucidez de Clarice diante da existência e da contingência humana revela, para além dela mesma, a humanidade assentada nestes registros. Com a palavra ela encontra o destino de suas questões, ergue a ponte ser-ser na qual se encontram as singularidades do ser gente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PCL - Maria Jose P Montenegro.pdf: 496643 bytes, checksum: b5646918c7cd702b3c2170b19ee31b53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The proposal of this paper is to think, using the Winnicott theory, on how a being constitutes itself subjectively human, singular and unique and what is the contribution of another human being, also singular and unique, in this process. Winnicott will emphasize and study, due to the needs imposed by his clinic, the great importance of the other in the beginning completely coinciding with the environment in the human development, as well as focalizing on the importance of the first relationships. According to him, the child is born with an inherited potential which will only become effective in a sufficiently good environment. The baby s potentials are modulated by the mother/environment; on discerning the baby s rhythm and its necessities, and by validating her gesture, the mother will permit the updating of this child s creative potential. It is necessary that the mother can understand, permit and support, on behalf of the child, the need of fusion as well as of separation. It is fundamental that the mother can propitiate the appearance of a space of potential, until the child is capable to become an individual. It is also essential that the mother can be used to supply the child s needs. If this be so, the child can accumulate a reserve of basic confidence and of normal narcissism; it will be able to separate itself from the mother and, in a confident way, love not only itself, but the mother and other people as well. The child will constitute its subjectivity, apart from this mother, moving towards relative dependency at the beginning of life, dependency is absolute - and towards the development of the capability to be concerned, dream and play, confronting, therefore, the Oedipus issues in a manner that enriches the personality, with the possibility of responsibility and contribution towards the environment / A proposta deste trabalho é pensar, utilizando a teoria de Winnicott, como um ser vai se constituindo subjetivamente humano, singular e único e qual a contribuição do outro humano, também singular e único, nesse processo. Winnicott vai destacar e estudar, em face das necessidades impostas pela sua clínica, a grande importância do outro no começo, absolutamente coincidente com o ambiente no desenvolvimento humano, bem como vai enfocar a importância das primeiras relações. Para ele, a criança nasce com um potencial herdado que só se efetiva em um ambiente suficientemente bom . As potencialidades do bebê vão sendo moduladas pela mãe/ambiente; ao perceber o ritmo do bebê e suas necessidades, e ao validar seu gesto, a mãe vai permitir a atualização do potencial criativo dessa criança. É necessário que a mãe possa entender, permitir e suportar, por parte do filho, tanto a necessidade de fusão como de separação. É fundamental que a mãe possa propiciar o surgimento de um espaço potencial, até que o filho esteja apto a se individualizar. É essencial, também, que a mãe possa ser usada para suprir as necessidades da criança. Se assim o for, a criança poderá acumular reservas de confiança básica e de narcisismo normal; vai poder se separar da mãe e, de forma confiante, amar não só a ela mesma, mas também a mãe e outras pessoas. A criança constituirá sua subjetividade, separada dessa mãe, caminhando para uma dependência relativa no começo da vida, a dependência é absoluta e para o desenvolvimento da capacidade de preocupar-se, sonhar e brincar, confrontando-se, então, com as questões edípicas de forma enriquecedora para a personalidade, com a possibilidade de responsabilidade e contribuição para o ambiente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Greco.pdf: 1252398 bytes, checksum: b493b2fa882e54bab92edcb61937c30d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-28 / This study aims to examine the school of kindergarten as a possible environment "good enough", creating favorable conditions for the process of ripening the child and consequently learning. It has as reference propositions on the maternal school and the personal maturity theory developed by the English psychoanalyst and pediatrician Donald Woods Winnicott. He indicates that the maternal school has tasks in relation to emotional maturity, same as the mother. And must hold a job psicoprofilatic, contributing to the children s mental health, needed to achieve the individual status and allow his access to Culture. We note that the use of psychoanalysis in education, proposed by the author, allows us to go beyond "listens" psychotherapy, performing an intervention through the management of school issues, moving toward integration: the self, of the variety of children s environments and the individual relations with society. Having two pedagogical approaches underlying the schools as base, the constructive one and the non-constructive, been discussed if school of early childhood education can be in a "good enough" environment according to the theory of ripening and we suggest that some conditions need to be created regarding moving towards this direction / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a escola de educação infantil como um possível ambiente suficientemente bom , criador de condições favoráveis ao processo de amadurecimento pessoal da criança e conseqüentemente à aprendizagem. Ela tem como referência as proposições sobre a escola maternal e a teoria do amadurecimento pessoal desenvolvidas pelo psicanalista e pediatra inglês Donald Woods Winnicott. Ele sinaliza que a escola maternal tem tarefas em relação ao amadurecimento emocional da mesma forma que a mãe tem e que deve realizar um trabalho psicoprofilático, contribuindo para a saúde mental da criança, necessária para alcançar o estatuto de indivíduo e permitir-lhe o acesso à cultura. Verificamos que o uso da psicanálise no campo da educação, proposto pelo autor, permite ir além da escuta psicanalítica, realizando uma intervenção por meio do manejo das questões escolares, caminhando na direção da integração: do self, dos vários ambientes da criança e do indivíduo com a sociedade. Partindo de duas abordagens pedagógicas que fundamentam as escolas, a construtivista e a não-construtivista, discutiu-se até que ponto a escola de educação infantil pode se constituir em um ambiente suficientemente bom de acordo com a teoria do amadurecimento e sugerimos que algumas condições fossem criadas para se caminhar nesta direção