For everyday cycling, one needs to carry rainproof clothing just for the case of unexpected downpours. In the present research, we present a concept for a helmet which is automatically rainproof when the rain starts. When the sun comes out, the helmet is breathable again even before it completely dries up. This functionality is provided by active hydrogel meshes. Hydrogel meshes offer great advantages due to their ability to change the aperture size with swelling and deswelling. In our current work, we present the design and modeling steps for hydrogel-layered active meshes which use (i) swelling and deswelling in hydrated state and (ii) swelling starting from the dry state. The main goal is to close the air openings of a bicycle helmet when rain starts as an automatic rainproofing. This can be achieved through the swelling of the hydrogel pNiPAAM-co-chlorophyllin in the meshes, which leads to closing when hydrated. At the same time, the light-sensitive behavior leads to opening of the apertures under direct sun exposure, i.e. when the sun appears again after the rain. We present the steps of modeling and design using the Normalized Extended Temperature-Expansion-Model (NETEM) to perform simulations in Abaqus. The model is capable of describing both the swelling of the hydrogel under light stimulus and the volume change due to hydration. It is based on the analogy between free swelling and thermal expansion and defined for nonlinear displacements. We also discuss the fabrication process of hydrogel-layered fibers and challenges in their application and simulation. As a proof of concept for hydrogel-layered meshes, we show preliminary experimental results of a poly(acrylamide)/poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAAm/PAMPS) hydrogel with semi-interpenetrated network (SIPN) structure and its swelling capacities on a mesh. Starting from the active hydrogel meshes as presented in the current work, the next step can be smart textiles that harness the power of hydrogels: the adaptation to combinations of stimuli - like humidity, temperature and brightness - that define environments.

The subject of diploma thesis is a blue-print of appropriate adjustment space by the railway station in Brno Řečkovice, in terms of road structures, so that it meets all requirements of public transfer terminal and IDS JMK. Terminal should server as a transfer station between bus service and pojected North-Southern Rail Diameter. In the terminal, there should be a continuity on systems P+R, K+R and B+R ensured. The project is dealing with a partial design of adjacent local roads. The work is processed in AutoCAD 2011, Bentley InRoads and Microsoft Office 2007.

This work is dealing with accessibility of area that is on the border of three subsystems that are blocked off by each other by topography. Unfulfilled potential caused by barrier disabling connection to the city structure. Relief of a city influencing reachability of its parts that causes its decline. Overcoming such a barrier could cause activation of the area without big intervention to the urbanity or function of given area.

A Bicycle-sharing system (BSS) is a popular service scheme deployed in cities of different sizes around the world. Although docked bike systems are its most popular model used, it still experiences a number of weaknesses that could be optimized by investigating bike sharing network properties and evolution of obtained patterns.Efficiently keeping bicycle-sharing system as balanced as possible is the main problem and thus, predicting or minimizing the manual transportation of bikes across the city is the prime objective in order to save logistic costs for operating companies.The purpose of this thesis is two-fold; Firstly, it is to visualize bike flow using data exploration methods and statistical analysis to better understand mobility characteristics with respect to distance, duration, time of the day, spatial distribution, weather circumstances, and other attributes. Secondly, by obtaining flow visualizations, it is possible to focus on specific directed sub-graphs containing only those pairs of stations whose mutual flow difference is the most asymmetric. By doing so, we are able to use graph mining and machine learning techniques on these unbalanced stations.Identification of spatial structures and their structural change can be captured using Convolutional neural network (CNN) that takes adjacency matrix snapshots of unbalanced sub-graphs. A generated structure from the previous method is then used in the Long short-term memory artificial recurrent neural network (RNN LSTM) in order to find and predict its dynamic patterns.As a result, we are predicting bike flows for each node in the possible future sub-graph configuration, which in turn informs bicycle-sharing system owners in advance to plan accordingly. This combination of methods notifies them which prospective areas they should focus on more and how many bike relocation phases are to be expected. Methods are evaluated using Cross validation (CV), Root mean square error (RMSE) and Mean average error (MAE) metrics. Benefits are identified both for urban city planning and for bike sharing companies by saving time and minimizing their cost. / Lånecykel avser ett system för uthyrning eller utlåning av cyklar. Systemet används främst i större städer och bekostas huvudsakligen genom tecknande av ett abonnemang.Effektivt hålla cykel andelssystem som balanseras som möjligt huvud problemand därmed förutsäga eller minimera manuell transport av cyklar över staden isthe främsta mål för att spara logistikkostnaderna för drift companies.Syftet med denna avhandling är tvåfaldigt.För det första är det att visualisera cykelflödet med hjälp av datautforskningsmetoder och statistisk analys för att bättre förstå rörlighetskarakteristika med avseende på avstånd, varaktighet, tid på dagen, rumsfördelning, väderförhållanden och andra attribut.För det andra är det vid möjliga flödesvisualiseringar möjligt att fokusera på specifika riktade grafer som endast innehåller de par eller stationer vars ömsesidiga flödesskillnad är den mest asymmetriska.Genom att göra det kan vi anvnda grafmining och maskininlärningsteknik på dessa obalanserade stationer, och använda konjunktionsnurala nätverk (CNN) som tar adjacency matrix snapshots eller obalanserade subgrafer.En genererad struktur från den tidigare metoden används i det långa kortvariga minnet artificiella återkommande neurala nätverket (RNN LSTM) för att hitta och förutsäga dess dynamiska mönster.Som ett resultat förutsäger vi cykelflden för varje nod i den eventuella framtida underkonfigurationen, vilket i sin tur informerar cykeldelningsägare om att planera i enlighet med detta.Denna kombination av metoder meddelar dem vilka framtida områden som bör inriktas på mer och hur många cykelflyttningsfaser som kan förväntas.Metoder utvärderas med hjälp av cross validation (CV), Root mean square error (RMSE) och Mean average error (MAE) metrics.Fördelar identifieras både för stadsplanering och för cykeldelningsföretag genom att spara tid och minimera kostnaderna.

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近年來由於溫室效應加劇以及氣候變遷加劇，因此符合綠色運輸特性的公共自行車系統，成為各國交通部門發展綠運輸政策時的目標之一，同時，大數據分析亦是目前受到高度關注的熱門議題。而本研究首先使用臺北市微笑單車租借大數據探討在不同時間點下民眾日常使用微笑單車之旅運行為，分析不同站點間的旅次特性。再運用社群網絡分析，以站點之間旅次連結多寡作為權重，探討站點間之緊密程度，以及不同時間點下微笑單車租借量之熱點分布情形，並將其視覺化呈現。 後續透過文獻分析，擷取影響公共自行車使用量之因素後，本研究嘗試運用一般線性迴歸模型與地理加權迴歸進行模型建立，並探討各影響因素對於旅運需求之影響情形。實證結果顯示，地理加權迴歸模型可以解決一般線性迴歸所產生空間自相關問題，使得模型解釋能力獲得改善。本研究並使用地理加權迴歸進行使用需求分析以及預測，對未來公共自行車營運以及站點擴張提出結論以及建議，期能提升公共自行車系統之使用量。 / Due to the climate change and aggravation of the greenhouse effect in recent years, the public bicycle system with the feature of low-carbon emission has raised more and more attention internationally, and has become one of the targets in developing green transportation policies of transportation departments of governments around the world. Meanwhile Big Data analysis issues, on the other hand, are currently a sought-after topic which has caused great concern as well. In this study, we utilize the rental data of the YouBike system in Taipei to discuss the public usage of YouBike tour at different periods. With the use of social network analysis, we discuss the relationships between different bicycle stops based on applying the number of travels between different sites as the weight. Eventually, the hotspot analysis will be carried out by operating the GIS system. In this way, we are able to discuss the hotspot distribution of YouBike rentals in different time and then visualize the result. After that this study pick up the variables which will effect the YouBike usage by reference review. This research try to built models by utilizing the Least Squares Method and Geographically Weighted Regression. Then we will have a discussion with the result of the two models. The result shows that Geographically Weighted Regression can resolve the spatial autocorrelation problem which happened in the Least Squares Method and to gain a better result. With the analysis and prediction of public bicycle system from Geographically Weighted Regression, we hope to raise the usage of public bicycle system by concluding as well as making recommendations for the future operation of public bicycle and the expansion of bicycle stops.

Ett av de mest hotande problemen idag är vad som händer med miljö. Ett stort problem är utsläpp. En stor bidragande faktor är den tanklösa användningen av fordon drivna av fossila bränslen. Ett sätt att kunna ta ett litet steg i rätt riktning, är att anpassa våran livstil och till exempel minska på användningen av bilen. Men även att allmänt göra mer medvetna val i vardagen. Målet med detta projektet är att göra just detta lite enklare. Att hjälpa dig transportera dina matvaror exempelvis från mataffären till hemmet.Processen för att komma fram till det som blev slutprodukten, började med intervjuer av användare. Därefter producerades skisser som visades för en testgrupp, för att samla feedback. Fysiska tester utfördes, innan det slutgiltiga konceptet nåtts: En vagn man kan använda på fyra sätt. Man kan skjuta den framför sig medan man går, eller dra den efter sig, man kan använda den som sparkcykel eller man kan koppla den till en cykel. / One of the most threatening issues today is what is happening to our environment. A consi- derable problem for these issues are the emissions. A tremendous contributing factor is the insensible use of fossil fuel driven vehicles. A way of taking a small step i the right direction is to adjust our lifestyle and reduce the use of the car. But also by making more conscious choises in our everyday lives. The aim of this project is to make this a little easier. To help you transport your groceries from for example the store to your home.The process of coming up with what later became the end product, started with interviewing users. Following that, sketches were made and showed to a test group to gather feedback.Physical tests executed, before the final concept was reached: A wagon you cam utilise infour ways. It can be pushed in front of you, while walking. It can be dragged behind, while walking. it can be used as a kick bike and it can be connected to a bicycle.

Purpose: This study aims to produce a design proposal of standard parkings for future environmentally friendly vehicles that can be used everywhere. It also submits a proposal for a part within Västerås city zone 1 where curbside car park can be replaced. Method: An external analysis containing a questionnaire study, interviews with experts in municipalities in 4 other selected cities, Örebro, Uppsala, Gent and Copenhagen combined with a literature study and a case study of the city of Västerås parkingzone 1 was performed. All material were collected to analyze how to design and were to place parkings for ecological environmentally friendly vehicles. Results: The results shows that a lot can be done in Västerås in terms of parking. The design and layout must include more types of vehicles as well as better amenities and security. This study gives suggestions and example of how to design and plan parkingspace for the future. Conclusions: The conclusion is that there are factors that slows the process down. The knowledge is great with the planners department but the information and knowledge in the population is lacking as well as the will and determination at the municipal politicians. There is also an architectural aspect on the shaping of parkings that don’t follow the user ́s needs. Another conclusion is that a wider variety of parking is needed in the future.

El presente proyecto del curso de Desarrollo de Negocios 2 de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, consiste en la creación de un soporte de madera para bicicletas que serán elaboradas con tableros OSB que nos asegura una alta resistencia en los soportes. Cabe recalcar, que nos vamos a dirigir a Lima Metropolitana en los distritos de mayor población en el uso de bicicletas y que además cuentan con acceso de ciclovías, tales como Surco, La Molina, San Isidro, San Borja y Miraflores, asimismo nos dirigiremos a los sectores socioeconómicos A y B, con un rango de edad de los 18 hasta los 45 años. El proyecto es viable, puesto que según la entrevista a profundidad que se realizó, se identificó un gran porcentaje de personas que usan la bicicleta como medio de transporte; parte de ello, la investigación también indica que los usuarios tienen dificultades para guardar sus bicicletas ya que no cuentan con el espacio adecuado en sus hogares. Por un lado, para la puesta en marcha del proyecto se necesitará una inversión inicial de S/. 51,884 soles, que será financiado al 100% por los accionistas sin necesidad de ser financiado por entidades bancarias. A su vez, tenemos en cuenta que los meses Diciembre, Enero, Marzo y Julio tendremos ventas elevadas que demostrada que el negocio es rentable. Por otro lado, el área de marketing hará uso de la publicidad digital, para ello se empleará las herramientas web como Facebook, Google Adwords, Landing Page y Community Manager, que nos permita una mejor difusión del producto. La distribución será coordinada directamente con el cliente a través de las redes sociales; también es importante indicar que se contará con distribuidores externos tales como Maestro y Sodimac. / The present Project of the Business Development course 2 of the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences, consists in the creation of a wooden support for bicycles that will be made with OSB boards that ensures high resistance in the supports. It should be noted that we are going to head to Metropolitan Lima in the districts with the largest population in the use of bicycles and that also have access to bicycle paths, such as Surco, La Molina, San Isidro, San Borja and Miraflores, we will also go to socioeconomic sectors A and B, with an age range of 18 to 45 years. The project is viable, since according to the in-depth interview that was carried out, a large percentage of people who use the bicycle as a means of transportation was identified; Part of it, the research also indicates that users have difficulty storing their bikes as they do not have adequate space in their homes. On the one hand, for the start-up of the project an initial investment of S /. 51,884 soles, which will be financed 100% by shareholders without the need to be financed by banks. At the same time, we take into account that the months of December, January, March and July will have high sales, which has proven that the business is profitable. On the other hand, the marketing area will make use of digital advertising, for this we will use web tools such as Facebook, Google Adwords, Landing Page and Community Manager, which allows us to better disseminate the product. The distribution will be coordinated directly with the client through social networks; It is also important to indicate that there will be external distributors such as Maestro and Sodimac. / Trabajo de investigación

Syftet med projektet var att ta fram en ny cykelbelysning för att höja cyklisters säkerhet och förenkla trafikregler samt utförandet av signalering. Genom en nulägesanalys av befintliga produkter, elektronikkomponenter och slutanvändarnas uttalanden kunde kundbehov tas fram. Därefter rangordnades kundbehoven och en funktionslista tillsammans med en produktspecifikation kunde verkställas. Med dem som grund utfördes en idégenerering med flera olika lösningskoncept där ett val gjordes baserat på en Kesselringmatris. Det vinnande konceptet var ett par pedaler med integrerad belysning. Genom en accelerometer fungerar pedalen som en bromslykta och med hjälp av en extern kontroll kan körriktningsvisare sättas igång som projiceras på marken. Elektriciteten som behövs till pedalernas belysning genereras när cyklisten roterar pedalaxeln via en generator. Som slutsats uppfylldes projektets mål men mer arbete behöver göras kring projektets avgränsningar för en färdig produkt. / The purpose of the project was to develop a new bicycle light in order to improve cyclists’ safety and to make it easier for them to follow traffic regulations. Using a status analysis of existing products, electronics and the end users statements the customer needs could be documented. Then the needs were ranked and a function list together with a product specification was produced. With them as a base the brainstorming could begin where multiple concept solutions were made and one of them chosen as a winner through a Kesselring matrix. The winning concept was a pair of pedals with integrated lighting. With the help of an accelerometer the pedal worked as a brake light and with an external control system turn signals could be turned on and were projected on the ground. The electricity needed for the pedals light system is generated when the user rotates the pedal axis with the help of a generator. As a conclusion all the project goals were fulfilled but more work needs to be done regarding the projects limitations for a complete production ready product.