Arbetstillfredsställelse är ett komplext begrepp (Smith m.fl., 2010) som kan beskrivas som en attitydsvariabel för hur individen upplever sitt arbete (Spector, 1996). Tidigare studier har visat att sociala faktorer, personlighetsdraget extraversion såväl som stress påverkar individens grad av arbetstillfredsställelse. Arbetsmiljöverkets rapport från 2001 visade att lagerarbetare är ett av de 10 mest stressade yrkena bland män. Däremot är forskningen om arbetstillfredsställelse i denna yrkesgrupp mycket begränsad. Föreliggande studies syfte var därför att undersöka om de psykologiska och sociala faktorerna (arbetskrav, rollförväntningar, kontroll i arbetet, social interaktion, ledarskap, grupparbete, organisationskultur- och klimat, förutsägbarhet samt skicklighet i arbetet) predicerar arbetstillfredsställelse. Vidare var syftet med studien att undersöka om grad av stress och extraversion påverkar arbetstillfredsställelsen. Studien omfattade 84 anställda vid två lagerföretag. Instrumentet som användes var QPSNordic 34+ (frågeformulär om psykologiska och sociala faktorer samt stress) och Eysencks personlighetstest EPQ-R (Eysenck personality questionnaire- revised). Resultatet av MRA visade att de psykologiska och sociala faktorerna tillsammans förklarade 13.3% av arbetstillfredsställelsen. Vidare visade resultat från ett ANOVA-test att individer med en låg grad av stress upplevde hög arbetstillfredsställelse. Slutligen fanns det inga skillnader mellan grad av extraversion och arbetstillfredsställelse bland lagerarbetare. Nyckelord: Lagerarbetare, Arbetstillfredsställelse, psykosociala faktorer, stress, extraversion. / Work satisfaction is a complex construct (Smith et al., 2010) which can be described as a variable of attitude on how the individual experiences the workplace (Spector, 1996). Previous studies have showed that social factors, the personality trait extraversion, and stress, influence the level of work satisfaction. A report from the Swedish Work Environment Authority from 2001 indicates that store workers is one of the ten most stressful occupations among men. Research regarding work satisfaction which concerned this group is very narrow. The purpose of the study was to highlight this occupation, and examine if psychological and social factors (work requirement, role expectations, control at work, social interaction, leadership, group work, organizational culture and climate, predictability and skillfulness at work) can predict work satisfaction. Furthermore, the purpose of the study was to investigate how the level of stress and extraversion can have an impact on work satisfaction. This study was implemented with a sample of 84 employees from two companies. The instruments used were the QPSNordic 34+ (Questionnaire with psychological and social factors and stress) and the Eysenck’s personality test EPQ-R (Eysenck personality questionnaire-revised). The result of the MRA showed that the psychological and social factors explained 13,3 % of the work satisfaction. Furthermore, the ANOVA showed that low stress level results in high work satisfaction. The study showed no differences between levels of extraversion and work satisfaction among store workers.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Fashion Design, Durban University of Technology, 2012. / The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of creating shop window displays focussing on a South African identity in the Durban region. The impetus for the study stemmed from the design of the Constitutional Court which features elements of South African culture. This study challenges the contemporary notion of presenting window displays using primarily Western influences and proposes the use of fashion imagery and cultural identity currently dominating South Africa. The study argues against corporate fashion stereotypes and champions a representation of an eclectic multi-cultural South African society. In this respect key theories of identity, culture, and design were explored. A qualitative methodology was conducted utilising interview and observation approaches to obtain data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve local professionals specialising in the fields of art, design, fashion and architecture to obtain their expert opinions. The data was analysed by clustering information into themes to establish the findings. Interview findings revealed that shop window displays should accommodate local imagery appropriate to the South African context. Observing two local production houses, namely Hirt & Carter and Barrows in Durban provided insights for a backdrop creation for the practical component of the study. The practical comprised of producing retail shop installations and a visual catalogue representing findings drawn from the study. The catalogue was used to illustrate the results of investigating a national image and identity that could be intrinsic to window display creation in South African fashion retail shop fronts. / National Research Foundation

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / Shock and vibration testing was performed on the Metrum-Datatape Inc. 32HE recorder to determine its viability as an airborne instrumentation recorder. A secondary goal of the testing was to characterize the recorder operational shock and vibration envelope. Both flight testing and laboratory environmental testing of the recorder was performed to make these determinations. This paper addresses the laboratory portion of the shock and vibration testing and addresses the test methodology and rationale, test set-up, results, challenges, and lessons learned.

Problembakgrund: Svensk detaljhandel består till stor del av unga medarbetare i ålder 16-24 år.  Enligt Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB) (2013) utgör åldersgruppen cirka 42,3 % av samtliga medarbetare inom denna sektor. Då medarbetarna inom svensk detaljhandel är en viktig resurs är det av stor vikt att studera av vad dessa medarbetare motiveras i arbetet. Tidigare forskning har fokuserat på arbetsmotivation generellt och inte inriktat på den åldersgrupp och sektor som denna studie berör, därav upplevs behov av denna undersökning.   Syfte: Syftet med studien är att skapa och bidra till förståelse för vad yngre medarbetare i ålder 16-24 år motiveras av i arbetet. Även hur dess arbetsprestationer kan påverka verksamheten när medarbetarna är motiverade respektive icke motiverade. Utifrån studiens resultat har rekommendationer utformats som kan tänkas vara användbara för butikschefer.     Metod: Studien baseras på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med kvantitativa inslag. Detta i form av 12 semistrukturerade intervjuer där varje respondent även fått besvara en mindre enkätundersökning. Urvalet består av sex unga medarbetare inom angiven åldersgrupp och sektor, samt sex butikschefer inom vald sektor för ytterligare ett perspektiv på medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation. Resultat: Utifrån yngre medarbetares samt butikschefers perspektiv är relation till chef och kollegor samt uppskattning och uppmuntran viktiga faktorer som har stor påverkan för yngre medarbetares arbetsmotivation. Medarbetarna värderar även lön och anställningstrygghet som de viktigaste faktorerna för arbetsmotivationen, vilket butikscheferna inte delar uppfattning om. Medarbetarnas arbetsprestationer påverkas i stor utsträckning när de är motiverade respektive icke motiverade. Bland annat kan verksamhetens försäljning och kunder påverkas både positivt och negativt. / Problem: A large part of the Swedish retail sector consists of young employees in the age of 16-24 years. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (SCB) (2013), this age-group represents approximately 42,3 % of the total number of employees in the Swedish retail sector. Employees in the Swedish retail sector is an important resource, therefore it is of great importance to study what motivates them in their work. The majority of previous research has focused on work motivation in general, and not on this age-group in the Swedish retail sector. Therefore the need for this study.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create and contribute to an understanding of what motivates young employees in the age of 16-24 years in their line of work. This purpose of this study is also to investigate how their work performance may affect the business when they are either motivated or non-motivated. Based on the resultat of this study, recommendations have been formulated which can be useful for store managers.   Method: This study is a qualitative research with quantitative elements. Twelve semi-structured interviews have been conducted, where each respondent had to answer a small questionnaire. The sample respondents consist of six young employees and six store managers in order, to get various perspectives on young employees’ work-motivation.   Result: According to young employees and store managers, the relationship with managers and colleagues, as well as appreciation and encouragement are important factors that have a major impact on younger employees’ motivation at work. Employees also value the salary and job security as the most important factors for work motivation, which store managers do not value as much. Employees' work performance is affected significantly when they are motivated compared to when they are non-motivated. For instance, that can affect the business’s sales and customers.

The Convenience Store Industry in Taiwan is booming. The Asian island-nation has become the most densely populated country in terms of convenient stores in the world. Sales from the Convenience Store Industry account for more than 26% of the whole country’s retail sales, second only to department stores. These numbers have continued to grow as demonstrated by total sales figures reaching NTD$ 295 billion by the end of 2015. Taipei City, the country’s capital, is renowned for its convenient way of life. The broad range of services offered by convenience stores has contributed to the overall convenience of living in Taiwan, allowing customers to have a one-stop shop for paying electricity, water, telephone, internet, and gas bills, as well as photocopying, event ticketing, and even package reception. Taiwanese consumers have been accustomed to a very high access to convenience, but oddly enough, convenience stores in Taiwan have still not incorporated the service that takes convenience to another level: being able to shop from the comfort of your own home, office, or wherever you may be, and receiving your products almost instantly at your location, at a competitive price. The Delivery Service Industry in Taiwan is still in its very early stages of development, almost uniquely sticking to the delivery of groceries from high-end supermarket and department store franchises. New start-ups providing professional grocery shopping services have also entered the Taiwanese market in recent years, providing a new alternative to the supermarket and department store delivery service. In any case, the delivery of the groceries can take anywhere from 1-48 hours. 快快intends to provide the consumer in the major metropolitan areas of Taiwan with the option of purchasing a wide range of high-quality fast-moving consumer goods from the comfort of wherever their location may be, even if it doesn’t have an address – including sidewalks or parks – and receiving it within 30 minutes or less at a competitive price, with no minimum purchase order amount or hidden fees, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. By doing so, 快快will imprint a new meaning to the word convenience, allowing customers to more effectively manage and enjoy the single most valuable resource in every person’s life - time.

Vi har i vår studie valt att undersöka hur modebutiker kan påverka kundernas köpbeteende för att öka försäljningen med hjälp av sinnesmarknadsföring.  Syftet med vår studie är att ta reda på hur sinnesmarknadsföring används och kan användas av butiker för att öka försäljningen. I vår slutsatts fann vi att sinnesmarknadsföring har en betydande roll för kundernas köpbeteende och försäljningen i butiken. / We have in our study chose to examine how fashion stores can influence customer buying behavior to increase sales through sensory marketing. The aim of our study is to find out how sensory marketing is used and can be used by stores to increase sales. In our final set, we found that sensory marketing has a significant role in customer behavior and sales in the store.

Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate how certified labels are being communicated through sustainable marketing within the grocery store sector. Research Question: How can the grocery store sector use sustainable marketingcommunication in order to contribute to a wider knowledge regarding sustainabilityand certified products? Method: The study is of qualitative character, with a combination of an inductive and deductive approach. The empirical data has been collected through five semi-structured interviews and one telephone interview. Result and conclusion: Sustainable marketing communication can contribute with an increased knowledge regarding sustainability when communicating and defining the term in an easy and clear way which makes it possible for anyone, no matter age or education, to understand what sustainability means. Regarding certified labels, sustainable marketing communication can contribute with an increased knowledge by creating an interest for the label in question. This can be achieved by defining the certified labels brand image by clear and accurate associations. Recommendations: The grocery stores must communicate easy messages in order for the consumers to understand what sustainability is as well as using social media as a strategic marketing tool. The certified labels need to establish accurate associations while working with transparency.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / Customers expect from a store that displays expensive products to make an effort to decorate the store with atmospheric elements to create a prestige atmosphere. The four stores that the participants visited target upper-class customers and display expensive products. One of the participants mentioned that the atmosphere in Hip Hop remind her of a take-away restaurant. Hip Hop was making no effort to decorate its stores to create a hedonic experience for its customers. They were relying on their well-known brand name to sell their products. In the long run, this strategy will not be effective as the competition gets tougher and more brands enter the market. High-class fashion stores focus more on hedonic customers. Customers do not need to buy expensive clothes as there are many discount stores that could fulfil their clothing needs. In order for high-class fashion stores to attract customers they need to create a hedonic experience for their customers in the store. The customers must want to enter the store and spend time in the store. Atmospheric elements can attract customers to the store and influence the time they spend in the store. It is important that new fashion stores have the right atmospheric design in their stores. New stores cannot rely on a name as this is not well known. The atmospheric design of a store tells customers what they can expect in the store. One of our main findings is that there is a difference between the atmospheric designs in shopping centres. The fashion stores in the V&A Waterfront in Cape Town use atmospherics in their stores to create a prestige atmosphere for their upper-class customers. On the other hand, the atmospheric designs in the fashion stores in Canal Walk, which attracts middle-class customers, had a lower quality and were not regarded to be as prestige as those of the V&A Waterfront stores. The most expensive merchandise was also found in the fashion stores in the V&A Waterfront. Most of the stores in our sample use some atmospheric elements. However, the combination of the atmospheric elements in the stores did not always match. The participants viewed the atmospheric design as a whole and it was important to them that all the atmospheric elements fit together. The participants were noticeably disappointed with a store that did not make use of atmospherics to enhance its customers’ shopping experience. They found the store too plain as the storeowner did not make any effort to decorate the store. When they entered a store that did make use of atmospherics, the participants mentioned that they would like to spend more time in the store.

Much of our current understanding of how consumers shop for goods and services is based on cross-sectional analyses of end-of-trip variables (e.g., basket composition, total spending) that has largely assumed purchase behavior is constant over the course of a shopping trip, however research has begun to demonstrate how an initial purchase can influence a subsequent purchase decision. This suggests shopping behavior may not only vary throughout a shopping trip, but rather is specifically influenced by when a purchase decision occurs within a shopping trip. I build on this foundation through two essays that show how and why a consumer’s in-store purchasing behavior is influenced by both the decisions they have made and the decisions they anticipate to make later. The first essay demonstrates that a consumer’s relative spending— the price of an item, relative to the prices of the other items in the same product category—evolves nonlinearly over a single shopping trip, and this pattern is distinct for budget and nonbudget shoppers. The second essay examines whether and how encountering promotions in-store, but temporally in advance of the promoted product influences a consumer’s redemption decision. These findings suggest that shoppers’ decisions evolve of a single shopping trip as a function of the decisions and evaluations the have made earlier in the shopping trip, as well the decisions they still have left to make. In each essay, implications for researchers and practitioners are presented and opportunities for future research are discussed.

本研究共壹冊，預計四萬至六萬字，分五章：第一章、導論；第二章、文獻查考；第 三章、研究方法；第四章、購物導向之分析結果；第五章、結論與建議。 內容提要： 目前在探討有關消費者行為的文獻中，大都集中在“品牌選擇行為”之研究上。對於 “商店惠顧行為”之研究則顯得相對地稀少。然而，在很多情況下，商店選擇決策及 是在品牌選擇決策甚或產品選擇決策之前完成，並且由於先選擇了商店，因而也限制 或影響了後階段之品牌選擇行為。 本研究乃是大台北地區之消費者為對象，分析其購物導向，並試圖區隔出不同之購物 導向群體，最後再對於這些群體作一較為完整之描述，似提供零售商店選擇目標市場 及訂定合適行銷策略之依據。