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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Estudo da erliquiose em cães expostos a carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus experimentalmente infectados / Study of the ehrlichiosis in dogs exposed to experimentally infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks

Saito, Taís Berelli 16 February 2009 (has links)
A erliquiose monocitotrópica canina é caracterizada como uma infecção persistente, podendo evoluir para doença fatal. Mecanismos imunopatogênicos estão implicados no desenvolvimento da doença, porém não é completamente compreendido o papel da resposta imune celular nas infecções causadas por Ehrlichia canis transmitida pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus. A infecção do vetor ocorre somente durante o repasto em cães riquetsêmicos, porém não é reconhecido o nível de riquetsemia infectante durante o curso da infecção nos cães. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar os níveis de riquetsemia relativa capazes de infectar o vetor (R. sanguineus) durante o curso da erliquiose canina; e avaliar a resposta imune celular induzida por exposição de cães a carrapatos infectados com Ehrlichia canis. Um cão foi utilizado para produção do inoculo e infecção de ninfas de R. sanguineus. Subseqüentemente, os carrapatos adultos infectados, oriundos das ninfas que se alimentaram nos cães infectados, foram utilizados para infecção dos cães dos grupos I (n=3) e II (n=3). Cães do grupo III (n=3) foram inoculados com sangue infectado com E. canis, por via intravenosa. Os grupos IV (n=3) e V (n=3) foram compostos por cães não infectados. Os grupos II e IV foram reinfestados periodicamente com ninfas não infectadas de R. sanguineus. Foram observadas, alterações clínicas como febre, apatia e disorexia nos cães infectados, durante a fase aguda da infecção, porém de forma mais intensa e precoce nos cães infectados por inoculação intravenosa (grupo III). As alterações hematológicas mais evidentes foram redução do número de plaquetas, leve redução na série vermelha e branca. Todos os animais infectados soroconverteram aos 14 dias após inoculação ou infestação com carrapatos infectados (dpi), mantendo títulos entre 10240 e 81920. Os níveis de riquetsemia foram variáveis durante o curso da infecção, persistindo até 364 dpi, porém mais constante na fase aguda da doença. Um pequeno número de carrapatos alimentados nos cães infectados apresentou amplificação de DNA de E. canis, porém foram demonstrados até 308 dpi. Foi observada uma redução na relação CD4:CD8 nos animais infectados, no 28° dpi, mantendo-se de forma mais branda até 252 dpi. Uma maior proporção de linfócitos T CD4+ produtores de IFN-γ e IL-4 foi observada no tempo zero de cães que não adquiriram infecção após infestação com carrapatos infectados. Os níveis séricos de citocinas mostraram de forma mais evidente a elevação de IL-10 e TNF-α em um cão que desenvolveu doença fatal, podendo indicar a participação de mecanismos imunes na apresentação clínica e na persistência do agente no organismo hospedeiro. / The canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is characterized as a persistent infection, which can develop fatal disease. Immunopathogenic mechanisms are implicated in the development of the disease, however it is not completely understood the role of cellular immune in the infection caused by Ehrlichia canis transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The vector becomes infected only while feeding on rickettsemic dogs, however the level of rickettsemia is not recognized during the course of the infection in the dogs. The objective of this study was to verify the level of relative rickettsemia capable to infect the vector (R. sanguineus) during the course of the canine ehrlichiosis; and to evaluate the cellular immune induced in dogs exposed to Ehrlichia canis-infected ticks. A dog was used for production of the inoculum and infection of nymphs of R. sanguineus. Infected adult ticks that had fed as nymphs on the infected dog were used to feed on and transmit the infection to dogs of groups I (n=3) and II (n=3). Group III dogs (n=3) were intravenously inoculated with E. canis-infected dogs. Group IV (n=3) and V (n=3) dogs were the control groups, never exposed to E. canis. Dogs of groups II and IV were reinfested periodically with uninfected R. sanguineus nymphs. Clinical alterations such as fever, apathy and dysorexia were observed in the infected dogs during the acute phase of the infection, however in a more intense and precocious form in the dogs infected by intravenous inoculation (group III). The more evident hematological alterations were reduction of the number of platelets, mild reduction in the red and white cells series. All infected animals soroconverted by 14 days after inoculation or infestation by infected ticks (dpi), showing titers between 10240 and 81920 during the study. The rickettsemia levels were variable during the course of the infection, persisting up to 364 dpi, however more constant in the acute phase of the disease. A small number of ticks that fed on infected dogs presented amplification of E. canis DNA, however they were demonstrated up to 308 dpi. A reduction in the relationship CD4:CD8 in the infected animals was observed in 28th dpi, keeping in a mild form up to 252 dpi. A larger proportion of lymphocytes T CD4+ producing IFN-γ and IL-4 it was observed in the zero time of dogs that did not acquire infection after infestation with infected ticks. The cytokine seric levels showed the elevation in a more evident form of IL-10 and TNF-α in a dog that developed fatal disease, what could indicate the participation of immune mechanisms in the clinical presentation and in the persistence of the agent in the organism host.
92

Avaliação de marcadores sorológicos, microbiológicos e moleculares para diagnóstico da brucelose canina / Evaluation of serological, microbiological and molecular markers for canine brucellosis diagnosis

Lima, Julia Teresa Ribeiro de 07 March 2018 (has links)
A brucelose causada pela B. canis constitui uma infecção sistêmica e zoonótica que acomete principalmente os cães, causando problemas reprodutivos. O diagnóstico da infecção é difícil, sendo necessária a associação do diagnóstico clínico aos métodos laboratoriais diretos e indiretos para sua confirmação. Um dos problemas relativos ao diagnóstico laboratorial está relacionado à ausência de marcadores que possibilitem a identificação acurada de cães em ausência de bacteremia. A partir do exposto, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de testes laboratoriais diretos e indiretos como marcadores da infecção por B. canis em cães e determinar a combinação de testes que possibilite o diagnóstico da brucelose canina com maiores valores de sensibilidade e especificidade. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, soro e aspirado de linfonodo de 92 cães, sem distinção de sexo, idade ou raça, incluindo cães reprodutores e não reprodutores. A hemocultura e a reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) foram previamente realizadas nas amostras de sangue e, com base nos resultados, os 92 animais foram divididos em dois grupos: infectados (n=37) e não infectados (n= 55). Em seguida, as amostras de aspirado de linfonodo foram submetidas à PCR e ao cultivo microbiológico e as amostras de soro foram testadas por um ensaio imunocromatográfico (EIC). A partir dos resultados obtidos, a sensibilidade e especificidade diagnóstica dos testes foram calculadas utilizando os grupos infectados e não infectados, respectivamente. O coeficiente Kappa foi usado para calcular a concordância entres os testes laboratoriais e suas combinações. A proporção de resultados positivos foi de 40,2% (37/92) para os testes diretos em amostras de sangue, 29% (27/92) e 25% (23/92) para PCR e cultivo em amostras de aspirado de linfonodo, respectivamente, e 43% (40/92) para o EIC. A concordância entre os testes variou de moderada a quase perfeita. A sensibilidade e especificidade diagnóstica foram, respectivamente, 65% e 95% para PCR em amostras de aspirado de linfonodo, 62% e 100% para o cultivo microbiológico em amostras de aspirado de linfonodo e 92% e 89% para o EIC. A PCR em amostras de aspirados de linfonodos apresentou maior sensibilidade em relação ao cultivo aplicado a estas amostras, sendo uma alternativa ao diagnóstico microbiológico. A associação entre os testes de PCR em amostras de aspirados de linfonodos e de sangue e o EIC possibilitou um aumento da sensibilidade diagnóstica, por possibilitar a identificação de cães na ausência e na presença de bacteremia, com maior rapidez. / Brucellosis caused by B. canis is a systemic and zoonotic infection characterized by prolonged bacteremia that affects mainly dogs causing reproductive problems. The diagnosis of the infection is quite difficult, being necessary the association of the clinical diagnosis with direct and indirect laboratory methods to confirm the infection. The main drawback regarding the laboratory diagnosis relies on the lack of markers that allow the accurate identification of non bacteremic dogs. From the above, a study was carried out to evaluate the performance of direct and indirect laboratory tests as markers for B. canis infection in dogs and to determine the combination of tests that allows the diagnosis of the infection with higher values of sensitivity and specificity. Samples of blood, serum and lymph node aspirates were collected from 92 dogs, regardless the sex, age or breed, including pet and breeding dogs. All the dogs were tested using culturing and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in blood samples and, based on the results, they were divided into two groups: infected (n = 37) and non-infected (n = 55). Lymph node aspirates were tested through PCR and microbiological culturing, and serum samples using an immunochromatographic assay (EIC). The infected and uninfected groups were used to calculate, respectively, the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. The agreement between the tests was calculated using Kappa coefficient. The proportion of positive results was 40.2% (37/92) for the direct tests in blood samples, 29% (27/92) and 25% (23/92) for PCR and lymph node culturing, respectively, and 43% (40/92) for the EIC. The agreement between the tests ranged from moderate to near perfect. The sensitivity and specificity was, respectively, 65% and 95% for PCR in lymph node aspirates, 62% and 100% for lymph node culturing, and 92% and 89% for EIC. The PCR in lymph node aspirates showed a higher sensitivity when compared to the lymph node culturing, being an alternative to the microbiological diagnosis. The association between PCR in blood and lymph node aspirates and the EIC enabled an increased sensitivity in the diagnosis with the identification of non-bacteremic dogs more rapidly.
93

Estimativa da população de cães errantes e a sua associação com fatores socieconômicos e ambientais / Estimation of stray dog\'s population and its association with socioeconomics and environmental factors

Guilloux, Aline Gil Alves 03 November 2011 (has links)
A população de cães errantes tem sido um problema na sociedade moderna e levanta discussão sobre o bem estar dos animais, a responsabilidade ambiental e assuntos relacionados saúde pública, como agressão, zoonoses e acidentes de trânsito. São Paulo é uma cidade com mais de dez milhões de habitantes e uma população de cães domiciliados em torno de 2,5 milhões de animais. Não há pesquisas a respeito da distribuição da população de cães errantes e isso dificulta o planejamento de ações de intervenção neste campo. O problema foi abordado do ponto de vista da probabilidade de abandono e capacidade de suporte ambiental. Foi criado um escore composto por treze variáveis de risco de abandono. Os dados foram agrupados por distrito administrativo e estes classificados em três categorias (tercis). Foi definida uma amostra de conveniência de seis áreas a serem visitadas, duas em cada categoria, que fossem pequenas e isoladas, passiveis de percorrer a pé. O número de animais foi estimado pelo método de pseudo-captura, utilizando fotos e anotações para identificar os animais. Simultaneamente, foi aplicado um questionário em uma amostra aleatória sistemática dos domicílios de cada área. Das seis áreas visitadas, em duas foi observada presença de cães errantes e em apenas uma delas, uma população fixa. Dos fatores associados a presença de cães errantes, destacam-se os relacionados a proximidade homem-cão e ao ambiente. Intervenções nestes fatores e incentivo à guarda responsável podem ser soluções desejáveis para redução gradativa da população de cães errantes / The stray dog\'s population of has been a problem in modern society and raises discussion on different issues like animal welfare, environmental responsibility and public health matters such as dogs bites, zoonosis and traffic accidents. Sao Paulo is a city with over ten million inhabitants and a population of owned dogs around 2.5 million animals. There are no surveys on the distribution of the population of stray dogs and this hampers any plan of intervention. The problem was accessed from the standpoint of relinquishment probability and environmental carrying capacity. A score was created with thirteen variables, of known risk factors of relinquishment. The data was grouped by district and classified in to three categories (terciles). a convenience sample of six areas was defined, two in each category, which were small and isolated, liable to go through on foot. The number of animals was estimated by the pseudo capture method, using photos and notes to identify the animals. Simultaneously, a questionnaire was administered in a systematic random sample of households in each area. Of the six areas visited, in only two it the presence of stray dogs was observed and only one showing a fixed stray population. Of the factors associated to the presence of stray dogs, one can distinguish: degree of human-dog proximity and those related to environment. Intervention on these factors and encouraging responsible ownership could be a solution to gradually reduce the population of stray dogs.
94

Avalia??o da efic?cia do fluazuron e da ivermectina em diferentes protocolos terap?uticos no controle da infesta??o pelo ?caro Demodex canis Leydig, 1859 em c?es. / Evaluation of efficacy of fluazuron and ivermectin on different therapeutic protocols for the control of the Demodex canis Leydig, 1859 mite infestation on dogs.

Souza, Clarissa Pimentel de 29 April 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Clarissa Pimentel de Souza.pdf: 1413726 bytes, checksum: ad7e79be3b961bab7286264dea8d79c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-29 / The mite Demodex canis is a resident of the hair follicles and when overgrowth cause an inflammatory parasitic disease called demodectic mange. The diagnosis is based on the visualization of the mite under microscope, especially by skin scrapings, hair plucks or histopathologic exam. A large number of drugs has been used on the treatment of demodectic mange, demonstrating varied efficacy numbers, side effects that can prohibit the conclusion of treatment and difficulties to owners. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the fluazuron 2.5% pour on and ivermectin on different therapeutic protocols on the treatment of canine demodectic mange. For this, 31 dogs were divided into five groups, the first four with six animals and the last one with seven. All with positive skin scrapings. The dogs were treated on each 14 days, during 84 days. The first group used fluazuron 2.5% pour on at 20mg/kg, the second used this same drug associated to ivermectin 0.5% pour on at 0.6mg/kg and, the third one, only the ivermectin 0,5% pour on. The fourth and fifth groups were treated with long-acting ivermectin 3.15% on subcutaneous administration at 0.6 and 1.5mg/kg, respectively. The evaluation and follow up of treatments were realized through skin scrapings on each 14 days, clinical evaluation with photos of dogs on every visit for a compare of the lesions. And the histopathologic exam at the end of the therapeutic protocol. The success rate was defined as the percentage of dogs on each group with negative skin scrapings. The reduction in mite numbers reached the efficacy levels of 67.66; 88.99; 84.29; 84.90 and 87.86%, for groups 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5, respectively. And the success rates at the end of treatment were 16.67% for the first group and 50% for the other four. By Wilcoxon test the reduction of the infestation on the histopathologic exam, before and after treatment, had no significance for all groups. Remission of lesions did not occur with the dogs of the first group. On groups 2 and 3, on each one was observed two dogs clinically cured and one with an improvement of the lesions. And on groups 4 and 5, 4 and 5 dogs were cured, respectively and also, there was one with an improvement on the lesions. The fluazuron 2.5% pour on did not show efficacy on the treatment of canine demodectic mange. But the ivermectin 0.5% pour on associated or not to fluazuron 2.5% pour on and the ivermectin 3.15% on both dosages, showed good efficacy on the reduction in mite numbers at the end of the protocols. / O ?caro Demodex canis ? um habitante dos fol?culos pilosos, que quando se prolifera causa uma dermatopatia de cunho inflamat?rio denominada sarna demod?cica. O diagn?stico ? feito atrav?s da visualiza??o do parasito sob microscopia ?ptica, especialmente atrav?s do exame parasitol?gico de raspado cut?neo, dos p?los, ou exame histopatol?gico. Muitas drogas t?m sido utilizadas no tratamento da sarna demod?cica, mas demonstrando n?veis de efic?cia variados, ocorr?ncia de efeitos colaterais que impossibilitam a conclus?o da terapia ou empecilhos ? ades?o dos propriet?rios. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a efic?cia do fluazuron e da ivermectina em diferentes protocolos terap?uticos no controle da sarna demod?cica canina. Foram avaliados 31 c?es divididos em cinco grupos, os quatro primeiros com seis animais e o ?ltimo com sete, positivos para o ?caro D. canis atrav?s do raspado cut?neo. Todos os c?es foram tratados a cada 14 dias, durante 84 dias. No primeiro grupo foi utilizado fluazuron 2,5% pour on na dosagem de 20mg/kg, no segundo este f?rmaco tamb?m foi empregado, mas associado a ivermectina 0,5% pour on na dosagem de 0,6mg/kg e no terceiro, somente a ivermectina 0,5% pour on . Os c?es do quarto e quinto grupos foram tratados com ivermectina 3,15% longa a??o por via subcut?nea nas dosagens de 0,6 e 1,5mg/kg, respectivamente. A avalia??o e acompanhamento do tratamento foram feitos atrav?s dos exames parasitol?gicos de raspado cut?neo a cada 14 dias, da avalia??o cl?nica, inclusive fotografando os c?es para uma melhor compara??o dos quadros lesionais e, do exame histopatol?gico ao final de cada protocolo terap?utico. A taxa de sucesso foi definida pela porcentagem de c?es em cada grupo que apresentaram raspados negativos. A redu??o na contagem no n?mero de ?caros alcan?ou n?veis de efic?cia de at? 67,66; 88,99; 84, 29; 84,90 e 87,86%, nos grupos 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5, respectivamente. E as taxas de sucesso ao final do tratamento foram de 16,67% para o grupo 1 e 50% para os outros quatro. Pelo do teste de Wilcoxon a redu??o da infesta??o atrav?s do exame histopatol?gico antes e depois do tratamento n?o foi significativa para nenhum grupo. Clinicamente, n?o ocorreu remiss?o das les?es nos c?es do primeiro grupo. Nos grupos 2 e 3, em cada um se observou 2 c?es considerados curados clinicamente e 1 com melhora. J? nos grupos 4 e 5, evidenciou-se 4 e 5 animais curados, respectivamente e, tamb?m um com n?tida melhora do quadro cl?nico. O fluazuron 2,5% pour on n?o demonstrou efic?cia no tratamento da sarna demod?cica canina. J? a ivermectina 0,5% pour on associada ao fluazuron ou como terapia ?nica e, a ivermectina 3,15% por via subcut?nea nas duas dosagens diferentes, foram eficazes na redu??o do n?mero de ?caros ao final dos protocolos terap?uticos.
95

Ehrlichia canis e Anaplasma platys em c?es (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) trombocitop?nicos da Regi?o dos Lagos do Rio de Janeiro. / Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys in trombocitopenic dogs (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) of Regi?o dos Lagos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Accetta, ?rica Mateus Toledo 27 August 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:18:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Erica Mateus Toledo Accetta.pdf: 809163 bytes, checksum: 04d79d0b9854d1e99fd77cff6ae68a4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-27 / Canine ehrlichiosis is an important infectious disease whose prevalence has been increasead in most areas of Brazil. Clinical signals and the laboratorial findings are variable. The present work had as objective to determine the frequency of the infection for E. canis and Anaplasma platys in dogs with trombocytopenia at Regi?o dos Lagos - State of Rio de Janeiro. It has been evaluated the CBC of 1127 dogs with trombocytopenia, a total of 3019 laboratorial tests carried through in the period of June 2006 and July 2007, at CEVET Lagos Lab, providing atendence to several clinics of Araruama, Iguaba Grande, S?o Pedro d Aldeia, Cabo Frio, Arraial do Cabo and B?zios. Erliquiosis was diagnosised through haemoparasit in smears of total blood s research stained with Panoptic kit. Eighty-four dogs (7.45%) were considered infected by the discovery of morulae of Ehrlichia spp. e Anaplasma platys. Normocytic normochromic anaemia and monocytosis were the most hematological alterations found. / A erliquiose canina ? uma importante doen?a infecciosa cuja preval?ncia tem aumentado significativamente em v?rias regi?es do Brasil. Os sinais cl?nicos e os achados laboratoriais s?o vari?veis. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a freq??ncia da infec??o por E. canis e A. platys em c?es com trombocitopenia na Regi?o dos Lagos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram avaliados os exames hematol?gicos de 1127 c?es com trombocitopenia de um total de 3019 exames realizados no per?odo de junho de 2006 a julho de 2007, no laborat?rio CEVET Lagos, que presta atendimento ?s diversas cl?nicas dos munic?pios de Araruama, Iguaba Grande, S?o Pedro d Aldeia, Cabo Frio, Arraial do Cabo e B?zios. A erliquiose foi diagnosticada atrav?s da pesquisa de hemoparasitos em esfrega?os de sangue total corados com kit pan?ptico. O diagn?stico baseou-se no achado de m?rulas de Ehrlichia spp. e Anaplasma platys, sendo considerados infectados 84 (7,45%) c?es. Anemia normoc?tica normocr?mica e monocitose foram as altera??es hematol?gicas mais freq?entes.
96

Untersuchungen zur Epizootiologie von im Blut nachweisbaren arthropogenen Infektionen beim Hund in Griechenland

Jensen, Jennifer 22 December 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Die vorliegende epidemiologische Studie umfaßte 153 Hunde aus der Nähe von Athen, Griechenland. Um die Prävalenz arthropogener Infektionen abschätzen zu können, wurden Serumproben auf Antikörper gegen Leishmania infantum, Ehrlichia canis und Borrelia burgdorferi sowie auf Antigene von Dirofilaria immitis überprüft. Blutausstriche wurden auf das Vorkommen von Babesia canis und Hepatozoon canis untersucht. Außerdem wurden von den Hunden abgesammelte Zecken bestimmt. Bei 126 Hunden erfolgte eine klinische Allgemeinuntersuchung. Des weiteren wurden die serologischen Testverfahren ELISA und IFAT für den Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen Borrelia burgdorferi miteinander verglichen. Insgesamt waren 94 (61,4 %) der 153 untersuchten Hunde infiziert, 63 (41,2 %) Hunde wiesen Antikörper gegen Ehrlichia canis auf. Infektionen mit Borrelia burgdorferi wurden im ELISA insgesamt bei 43 (28,1 %), im IFAT bei 35 (22,9 %) Tieren nachgewiesen. Außerdem konnte bei 28 (18,3 %) Tieren eine Infektion mit Leishmania infantum und bei 20 (13,1 %) mit Dirofilaria immitis gefunden werden. Ein Nachweis von Babesia canis im Blutausstrich gelang bei vier (2,6 %) Hunden, von Hepatozoon canis nur bei einem (0,7 %) Hund. Für keinen der untersuchten Infektionserreger konnten signifikante Alters-, Geschlechts- oder Rasseprädispositionen festgestellt werden. Die Infektionsraten mit Leishmanien, Babesien, Dirofilarien und Borrelien waren bei den im Tierheim lebenden Hunden geringer als bei den Streunern. Vierundvierzig (28,8 %) der 153 getesteten Hunde waren gleichzeitig mit zwei, drei oder vier durch Arthropoden übertragene Erregerarten infiziert. Zweifachinfektionen kamen bei 29 (19,0 %), Dreifachinfektionen bei sieben (4,6 %) und Vierfachinfektionen bei acht (5,2 %) Tieren vor. In der Regel war das Risiko für Hunde, einen Erreger zu beherbergen, höher, wenn bereits eine Infektion mit einem anderen Erreger vorhanden war. Insgesamt waren 28 (18,3 %) Streuner und 15 (9,8 %) Tierheimhunde von Mehrfachinfektionen betroffen. Von den 94 mit mindestens einem der berücksichtigten Erreger infizierten Hunden wurden 75 (79,8 %) einer klinischen Untersuchung unterzogen. Dreiunddreißig (44,0 %) dieser Tiere zeigten Krankheitserscheinungen. Bei 21 (67,7 %) der 31 klinisch untersuchten und mit mehreren Erregern gleichzeitig infizierten Hunde konnten Krankheitssymptome diagnostiziert werden. Von 44 klinisch untersuchten Tieren, die nur mit einem Erreger infiziert waren, zeigten 12 (27,3 %) klinische Symptome. Die diagnostizierten Symptome waren bei allen untersuchten Erregern von einer starken Variabilität geprägt. Die Übereinstimmung der Testsysteme IFAT und ELISA für den Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen Borrelia burgdorferi lag bei 92,2 %. Die Testverfahren sind damit als nahezu gleichwertig anzusehen, wobei der ELISA etwas sensitiver zu sein scheint. Eine Infektionsgefahr besteht demnach in Griechenland vor allem für Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi und Leishmania infantum, aber auch für Infektionen mit Dirofilaria immitis besteht ein Risiko. Infektionen mit Babesia canis kommen in dieser Region seltener vor, es muss jedoch insbesondere bei geschwächten oder in Deutschland geborenen und somit hochempfänglichen Tieren mit Erkrankungen gerechnet werden. Hepatozoon canis ist nach den vorliegenden Ergebnissen in der Umgebung von Athen von geringer Verbreitung. Ein Rückschluß vom klinischen Bild auf das Vorliegen einer Infektion mit einem bestimmten Erreger kann aufgrund der Variabilität der Symptome in Verbindung mit häufig auftretenden Mehrfachinfektionen nicht gezogen werden. Die Möglichkeit von gleichzeitig vorliegenden Infektionen sollte in der Diagnostik und Therapie unbedingt berücksichtigt werden. Gute Haltungsbedingungen und eine tierärztliche Überwachung und Prophylaxe reduzieren offensichtlich die Inzidenz von Infektionen mit arthropodenübertragenen Erregern. Die überwiegende Anzahl (449 von 457 Exemplaren) der bestimmten Zecken gehörte der Art Rhipicephalus sanguineus an. Es wurden sechs Nymphen und 443 adulte Tiere gefunden. Die adulten Tiere verteilten sich auf 243 männliche und 200 weibliche Zecken. Bei acht Zecken handelte es sich um weibliche Ixodes ricinus. Bei aus Griechenland stammenden Hunden wie auch bei Tieren, die sich reisebegleitend dort aufgehalten haben, muss mit einer starken Infestation mit Rhipicephalus sanguineus gerechnet werden. Da Rhipicephalus sanguineus der Vektor für Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis vogeli und Hepatozoon canis ist, sollten Prophylaxemaßnahmen eine geeignete Zeckenbekämpfung einbeziehen. / 153 dogs from the environs of Athens, Greece, were surveyed for tick infestation and arthropod borne infections. Serology was performed for Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis and Borrelia burgdorferi and bloodfilms were microscopically examined for Babesia canis and Hepatozoon canis. Ticks collected from the dogs were differentiated. 126 dogs underwent clinical examination. Suitability of an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFAT) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi was compared. Altogether 94 (61.4 %) dogs were infected with an arthropod borne pathogen, 63 (41.2 %) produced antibodies to Ehrlicha canis. ELISA detected Borrelia burgdorferi infection in 43 (28.1 %) dogs while IFAT was positive in 35 (22.9 %). 28 (18.3 %) dogs were infected with Leishmania infantum and 20 (13.1 %) with Dirofilaria immitis. Babesia canis was found in blood smears of four (2.6 %) dogs, Hepatozoon canis was detected only in one case (0,7 %). No association was found between the breed, age or sex of the dogs and any of the tested pathogens. The rate of infection with Leishmania, Babesia, Dirofilaria or Borrelia was lower in dogs living in the animal shelter than in those living as strays. 44 (28.8 %) of the 153 dogs examined were infected concurrently with two (n = 29, 19,0 %), three (n = 7, 4,6 %) or four (n = 8, 5,2 %) arthropod borne pathogens. In general the risk of infection was higher in dogs that were already infected with another pathogen. Altogether 28 (18.3 %) of the strays and 15 (9.8 %) of the dogs living in the animal shelter had a multiple infection. 75 of the 94 dogs infected with at least one of the tested pathogens were examined clinically. 33 (44.0 %) showed clinical symptoms. In 21 (67,7 %) of the 31 clinically examined dogs with multiple infection symptoms of disease were diagnosed. Twelve (27.3 %) of the 44 clinically examined dogs that were only infected with one pathogen had symptoms of some kind. Clinical symptoms varied considerably irrespective of the causative agent. The concordance of the IFAT and the ELISA for the diagnosis of Borrelia burgdorferi was 92.2 %. The serologic diagnosis of Borrelia burgdorferi with IFAT or ELISA can be regarded similarly suitable although ELISA seems to be somewhat more sensitive. In conclusion the risk of infection in Greece is particularly high for Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi and Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis as well. Babesia canis is obviously transmitted less. However dogs in poor condition or born in non endemic areas may acquire babesiosis in Greece. According to the results of this study Hepatozoon canis seems to be of negligible relevance in Greece. Due to the variability of the clinical symptoms and the frequent occurrence of multiple infections diagnosis based on the clinical picture only is not possible. Multiple infections should also be considered with respect to treatment. Infections with arthropod borne pathogens seem to occur less often in prophylactically treated dogs living under good conditions. Most of the examined ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus (449 out of 457 specimens). Six nymphs and 419 adults were found. Of the adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks 243 were males and 200 were females. Eight of the ticks were female Ixodes ricinus. In dogs originating from Greece as well as in dogs having accompanied tourists into Greece infestation with Rhipicephalus sanguineus is probable. As Rhipicephalus sanguineus is known to transmit Ehrlicha canis, Babesia canis vogeli and Hepatozoon canis prophylactic measures should include a suitable tick-control.
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Informacijos perdavimo lytiniais feromonais tyrimas Canis familiaris pavyzdžiu / Information transfer by means of sex pheromones in test object Canis familiaris

Juškevičiūtė, Justina 16 August 2007 (has links)
Dabar vis daugiau mokslininkų bando identifikuotus gyvūnų feromonus sintetinti ir panaudoti praktinėms reikmėms, pavyzdžiui, vabzdžių sintetinių feromonų analogus naudoti kovai su žemės ūkio kenkėjais. Tačiau tik XX amžiaus pabaigoje pradėta domėtis ir žinduolių feromonais. Viena iš naujų tiriamų sričių yra: lytinių feromonų įtaka gyvūnų lytinei elgsenai. Lytinė elgsena yra vienas iš svarbiausių šunų kaip ir, bet kurios kitos gyvosios sistemos egzistavimo garantas, todėl tai paskatino mus išsamiau paanalizuoti šunų lytinės elgsenos modelį (asistavimą). Taip pat mūsų tikslas buvo sumodeliuoti tokį biotestavimo modelį kaip materiali informacija paveikia individo (šuns) elgesį ir nustatyti bei apibūdinti kas tai yra ta informacija, šiuo atveju – cheminė medžiaga. Tyrimai buvo atlikti 2005 – 2007 metais. Buvo surinkti šlapimo ėminiai iš skirtingų šunų veislių devynių kalių nerujos ir rujos metu. Ėminių rinkimo metodika buvo specialiai sukurta įgyvendinti mūsų užduotis ir yra originali. Viena dalis rinkimo metu surinktos medžiagos buvo išsiusta į Karališkąjį Technologijų Institutą Stokholme (Royal Institute of Technologies). Atlikus pirminius ėminių tyrimus, nustatyta jog tik rujojančių kalių šlapime yra TC medžiaga. Antra dalis rinkimo metu surinktos medžiagos buvo naudota biotestui. Po to buvo atlikti du biotestavimai lauko sąlygomis Pietų Rusijos aviganių veislyne „Balandis“. Šiuose tyrimuose buvo atlikti testavimai su šios veislės patinais pagal 7 mūsų sukurtus testavimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / More and more scientists nowadays are trying to syntetic animals‘ pheromones and use them for practical purposes. Analogues of syntetic pheromones, for instance, are used in agriculture against pests. It was only in the end of the 20th century, however, that mammals‘ pheromones, too, started arousing interest. One of the new fields of resaerch is the animals‘ sexual behaviour. Sexual behaviour is one of the guarantees of dogs‘, as well as any other living systems‘ existence. Then an idea suggested itself to us to analyze more deeply the model of this type of behaviour amoung dogs. Our aim was also to set up a model of biotesting in what way material information is reflected on an individual‘s (dog‘s) behaviour and to establish what that information is. In this case – a chemical substance. The research was carried out between 2005 and 2007. Urine samples were gathered from bitches of different dogs‘ breeds then they were on the heat and when they were not on the heat. The method of taking the samples was specially created to satisfy our requirements and is original. One part of the samples gathered was sent to the Royal Institute of Technologies in Stockholm. The research conducted on the primary samples showed that the substance TC was to be found only in the urinie of bitches (females) that were on the heat. The rest of material gathered was used for examination. Then two biotests (in outside)was conducted at the South Russian Sheep – dog kennel “Balandis“. Researched... [to full text]
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Estudo retrospectivo das dermatofitoses diagnosticadas em cães e gatos em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, no período de 1979 a 2009

Appelt, Carin Elisabete January 2010 (has links)
As dermatofitoses causadas por um grupo de fungos filamentosos e queratinofílicos, na maioria cosmopolita, acometem um grande número de mamíferos. Os cães e gatos são os principais reservatórios e fontes de infecções de Microsporum canis aos humanos e a outros animais domésticos. Dados epidemiológicos sobre as infecções fúngicas são importantes para diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção. Os objetivos do trabalho foram analisar a frequência, os fatores de risco e a tendência secular da dermatofitose em cães e gatos no período de 1979 a 2009 em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico observacional retrospectivo, com os dados de 6695 amostras de animais com suspeita clínica de dermatofitose (5584 (83,4%) cães e 1111 (16,6%) gatos). A frequência encontrada foi de 16,6%, sendo o fungo Microsporum canis o mais isolado em cães (78,4%) e gatos (97%). Observou-se uma maior frequência de amostras positivas provenientes de gatos. A frequência também foi maior em cães e gatos com raça definida. Nos cães foi observada maior chance de dermatofitose em animais com idade entre 1 e 24 meses e com pelagem média a longa. Já nos gatos a chance foi maior em animais jovens, onde a probabilidade de isolamento diminui aproximadamente 2,3% a cada incremento de um mês na idade. Também uma maior chance de dermatofitose em gatos com pelagem média a longa. As análises mostraram um aumento médio da positividade com o aumento da umidade relativa do ar e período de tempo. O exame microscópico dos pelos apresentou 48% de sensibilidade e 97,4% de especificidade, enquanto o teste da lâmpada de Wood 64,52% de sensibilidade e 89,22% de especificidade quando comparados com o cultivo fúngico. A espécie fúngica com maior frequência de isolamentos nesta população foi o Microsporum canis, além disso, os gatos apresentaram maior risco de contrair dermatofitose por este agente do que os cães. Os fatores de risco encontrados nessa população estavam relacionados com idade (animais jovens), pelagem (média a longa) e umidade relativa do ar (maiores índices). A frequência de isolamentos aumentou ao longo do período (1979 – 2009) e o cultivo fúngico foi considerado como padrão-ouro para diagnosticar a dermatofitose. / Dermatophytoses are caused by a group of fungi with keratinophilic and keratinolytic properties. A wide variety of dermatophytes have been isolated from a large number of mammals. Dogs and cats are the main carriers and sources of infections of Microsporum canis to human as well as to other domestic animals. Epidemiological data about fungal infections are important for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The objectives of the present study were to analyze the frequency, the risk factors, and the secular tendency of dermatophytoses in dogs and cats from 1979 to 2009 in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. A retrospective observational epidemiological study was performed based on data obtained from 6695 samples of animals with clinical suspicion of dermatophytoses [5584 (83.4%) dogs and 1111 (16.6%) cats]. The frequency found was 16.6%, being Microsporum canis the most isolated fungus in dogs (78.4%) and cats (97%). It was observed a higher frequency of positive samples originated from cats. The frequency was also higher in dogs and cats with a defined breed. In dogs, the probabilitie of dermatophytoses was greater in animals between 1 and 24 months, with medium to long coat. On the other hand, the chance observed in cats was higher in young animals, where the probability of isolation decreases around 2.3% for each additional month of age. There is a greater chance of dermatophytosis in cats with medium to long coats as well. The analyses had demonstrated a medium raise in positivity with the increasing of the relative air humidity and period of time. The microscopic examination of the coat revealed 48% of sensitivity and 97% of specificity, while with Wood’s lamp test, it was achieved 64.52% of sensitivity and 89.22% of specificity when compared to fungal culture. The fungal species with higher frequency of isolation in this population was Microsporum canis and cats were more likely to be infected by this agent than dogs. The risk factors found in this population were related to age (young animals), coat (medium to long), and relative air humidity (higher rates). The frequency of isolation increased throughout the period (1979 - 2009) and fungal culture was considered as the “gold standard” for diagnosing dermatophytoses.
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Gatos portadores de dermatófitos na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre - RS, Brasil

Roehe, Carlos January 2014 (has links)
A dermatofitose é a zoonose micótica mais difundida mundialmente e os animais domésticos são os principais reservatórios dos dermatófitos zoofílicos que, em alguns países, são causadores mais frequentes da doença em humanos do que as espécies antropofílicas. Especificamente em relação ao Microsporum canis, principal espécie zoofílica nas zonas urbanas, pouco sucesso foi obtido com a produção de vacinas para seu controle. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram verificar a ocorrência gatos clinicamente sadios portadores de dermatófitos na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e, também, analisar estatisticamente a influência de fatores como idade, sexo, raça e acesso à rua. Amostras foram obtidas do pelame de 191 gatos sem sinais clínicos de dermatoses após fricção dos pelos (face, região pré-auricular, dorso, cauda e membros) que foram semeadas em ágar Sabouraud acrescido de cloranfenicol e ciclohexamida e incubadas a 27°C por até 21 dias. A possibilidade da associação entre as variáveis preditoras e a variável resposta foi avaliada através de um modelo de regressão logística univariado. Somente espécies de Microsporum (8,4%) foram isoladas de amostras positivas: M. canis (5,8%) e M. gypseum (2,6%). Em 15 (7,8%) das amostras não ocorreu crescimento fúngico. Nos restantes 160 (83,8%) cultivos foram isolados diversos fungos saprotróficos: filamentosos hialinos (Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Acremonium sp., Chrysosporium sp., Paecilomyces sp., Fusarium sp. e Scopulariopsis sp.); filamentosos dematiáceos ( Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp. e Curvularia sp.); zigomicetos (Rhizopus sp. e Mucor sp.) e leveduras (Malassezia sp. e Candida sp.). Foi observado um maior risco relativo para o isolamento de dermatófito quando o animal era do sexo masculino e teve acesso à rua em uma magnitude de 3,43 e 3,52, respectivamente. Não foi identificado nenhum fator protetivo na análise multivariada. O modelo final teve poder discriminatório de 72%. Ainda são poucas as informações sobre o complexo mecanismo de infecção e a susceptibilidade dos animais, mas o isolamento fúngico de gatos sadios aliado a dados epidemiológicos são importantes ferramentas para o diagnóstico e tratamento desta micose. Os resultados obtidos corroboram estudos similares realizados em regiões metropolitanas de outros países. É enfatizada a possibilidade de contágio humano a partir de gatos assintomáticos e a necessidade da adoção de medidas profiláticas para reduzir a disseminação dos dermatófitos. / Dermatophytoses are in the list of the most frequent skin diseases of pets and livestock all over the world. Contagiousness among animal communities, difficulty in implementing control measures, and the eventual transmition of animal ringworm to people explain its great importance. A wide variety of dermatophytes have been isolated from animals, but a few zoophilic species are responsible for the majority of the cases. Microsporum canis is one of these and in some countries seems to cause a high proportion of human infections, outnumbering classical ringworm anthropophilic dermatophytes. So far, a safe and efficient vaccine is not available for protecting cats and dogs exposed to M. canis. The objective of this study is to survey dermatophytes in clinically normal cats in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, south of Brazil, and weight the possible influence of age, sex, breed and living conditions in the presence of these fungi. Samples were obtained from 191 cats with no skin disease after brushing the body (head, neck, dorsum, limbs and tail) and incubated on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and cyclohexamide at 27°C for up to 21 days. The possibility of association between predictors variables and a variable answer was evaluated by an univariate logistic regression model. Only Microsporum species, (8,4%) were isolated from positive specimens: M. canis (5,8%) and M. gypseum (2,6%). On 15 samples (7,8%) there was no fungal growth. Of the remaining 160 samples (83,8%), several saprotrophic fungi were isolated: hyaline filamentous fungi (Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Acremonium sp., Chrysosporium sp., Paecilomyces sp., Fusarium sp. and Scopulariopsis sp.); dematiaceous filamentous fungi (Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp. and Curvularia sp.); Zygomycetes (Rhizopus sp. and Mucor sp.) and yeasts (Malassezia sp. and Candida sp.). It was observed an higher relative risk for the isolation of dermatophyte when the cat was male and was allowed to walk outdoors in a magnitude of 3.43 and 3.52, respectively. The multivariate analysis did not identify any protective factor against dermatophytosis. The final model had a discriminatory power of 72%. There are few informations about the complex mechanisms of infection and susceptibility of the animals, but fungal isolation from healthy cats associated with epidemiological features are important tools in the diagnosis and management of the problem. Results of this research are similar to others conducted around urban areas of different countries across the world. It is emphasized that human beings can be contaminated from apparently healthy cats and the author stresses the necessity of prophylactic measures in order to reduce the spread of dermatophytosis.
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Prevalência de Ehrlichia canis pela técnica de nested-PCR e correlação com a presença de mórula e trombocitopenia em cães de Alegre-ES

Sales, Mara Rúbia Rocha Pereira 26 June 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:53:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mara Rubia Rocha Pereira Sales.pdf: 980226 bytes, checksum: 42a133fd63917e32301d6df4c9b4fca5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-26 / The aim of this study was determined by nested-PCR the presence of Ehrlichia canis in dogs located in the municipality of Alegre-ES and evaluate its correlation with morulae and thrombocytopenia. For this purpose blood samples were collected from 85 dogs, regardless of race, age, sex or health status. With these, slides were obtained for the detection of morulae, thrombocytopenia, and execution of nested-PCR technique. We verified a prevalence of 1.17% to investigated the presence of morulae, 5.6% when using the technique of nested-PCR, and was verified that 17.64% of the CBCs were thrombocytopenia. However, only 40% of positive samples by nested-PCR showed thrombocytopenia. The results presented in this study demonstrate that the introduction of molecular diagnostic techniques such as nested-PCR is an important method to aid in the early diagnosis of diseases / Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar por meio da nested-PCR a prevalência da Ehrlichia canis em cães da região de Alegre-ES, e avaliar sua correlação com a presença de mórulas e trombocitopenia. Para isso, foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas de 85 cães, independente de raça, sexo, idade e estado de saúde. Com estas, foram confeccionadas lâminas para a pesquisa de mórulas, trombocitopenia, e execução da técnica de nested-PCR. Foi verificada uma prevalência de 1,17% ao pesquisar a presença de mórulas, 5,6% ao utilizar a técnica da nested-PCR, e foi verificada que 17,64% dos hemogramas apresentavam trombocitopenia. No entanto, somente 40% das amostras positivas pela nested-PCR, apresentaram trombocitopenia. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo demonstram que a introdução de técnicas de diagnóstico molecular como a nested-PCR é um método importante para o auxílio no diagnóstico precoce de patologias

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