Milk and milk products are irreplaceable in the children´s nutrition. Substances which milk contains assist children to the proper growth and development. The most important substances are for example proteins or calcium and therefore it´s necessary to feed children with milk. Children consume milk practically since birth. However, milk consumption may be associated with health problems, such as milk allergy or lactose intolerance. In order to increase the consumption of milk was introduced subsidized program "School Milk", which can be used by all kindergartens, primary and secondary schools in the Czech Republic. The research was based on a quantitative approach. The research tool has become a questionnaire given out to three grades of selected elementary school. Research shows that the selected students consume milk in sufficient amounts, especially cow's milk, which has chosen the 93.8% of respondents. It is primarily milk skimmed and not flavoured. Respondents prefer the most milk itself, then yogurt (56.9%), cheese (55.1%) and butter (50.2%), regardless of age or gender. Among the most popular cheeses include semi-hard cheese, which prefers the 82 respondents from a total of 225. Dislikes are then other fermented products such as sour buttermilk, which is preferred only by 7.6% of respondents, or kefir. Some of the products are completely unknown to the pupils. For example sour milk never tasted more than 71% of respondents. In the health effects and milk production pupils have very limited knowledge; especially pupils in lower grades have very limited knowledge. To name at least one important substance for human health was able to do less than half of the respondents. The most commonly mentioned was calcium and protein, and other substances only sporadically. Also knowledge of milk production has proven to be very tricky. A total of 56.9% of respondents said they do not know any dairy. Percentage using a subsidized program "School Milk" is very low. This program uses only 32.9% of pupils, especially in the lower grades. The research showed that 17.3% of students are overweight or obese, especially the girls in the 5th grade.

Introduction: Diploma thesis deals with issues of gestational a pregestational diabetes and the influence od diabetic diet during pregnancy on eating habits. Goals: The theoretical part is focused on general summary of diabetes during pregnancy - its characteristic, epidemiology, risk factors, complications, treatment including glycemic self- monitoring, observation during and after the childbirth. The last part is focused on education, as the important part of the therapy. The emphasis is put on the practical part, which analyse eating habits including measures regime of women dealing with gestational a pregestational diabetes, before and after the pregnancy. Crucial task was the comparison of choice of the food, frequency of monitored food and the regularity of eating. Methods: Research took place through the anomyous questionnaires, obtained on Gynecological-obstetrical clinic of General hospital in Prague. Questionnaires were filled out by woman diagnosed gestational and pregestational diabetes type 1. The discovered data are given into graphs and charts and part of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of the data. Outcome: According to researched data we can say, that the eating habits before the pregnancy are not sufficient in any of the groups. Due to pregnancy and resulting diatetic...

This diploma thesis describes eating habits of pupils at elementary school. It mainly focuses on results of bad eating habits. The first chapter describes eating habits of pupils. The second chapter characterizes the age group 13 to 16 years. The following chapters are focused on eating disorders (in general and also specifically on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), individual and social factors influencing the disorder and disease prevention. The practical part informs about the results of the research focused on pupils of the eighth and ninth grade at two elementary schools in Třebíč region. The aim of the research was to find out whether pupils are satisfied with their figures and what the main source of information about eating disorders is for them.

In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis there was described food of cereal character including school nutrition programmes and their representation in the diet of basic school pupils and university students. The interview focused on the representation of cereal products and their importance in the diet is described in the research part of this diploma thesis. The interview was made in the groups of pupils in higher basic schools and university students. When evaluating the questionnaire survey, there were assessed the quantity, individual types and quality of commonly consumed cereal products and the level of eating habits of respondents in accordance with the principles of good nutrition. After evaluation of the interviews it was found that basic school pupils have worse all-day eating habits than university students. It was confirmed mostly by the answers of the questions relating to breakfast, mid-afternoon snacks and total number of meals during a day. University students prefer wholegrain products more than basic school pupils. Pupils of higher basic schools have lower knowledge level of cereals than university students.

Abstract Obesity in School Children from the Point of View of a Nurse Working in a GP's Surgery The thesis focuses on the problems of nursing care of children with overweight and obesity. This issue is very urgent nowadays, not only in the Czech Republic, but it is a global problem. Our country holds one of the leading positions in children obesity. Children suffering from overweight and obesity have not only health problems resulting from obesity complications, but also problems in the field of psyche and social relations, particularly among their peers. This is why the right insight into the issue and finding an acceptable solution for the future is so important. The theoretical part deals with the problems of children obesity, the specifics of nursing care of these children within a surgery of a general paediatrician. It also focuses on the needs of children with normal weight and on the needs of overweight children. Four aims were set within the research. The first aim was to map the situation in obesity among school and pre-school children in Benešov District. The second aim was to map services (possibilities of further assistance, treatment) that parents and practitioners may use in treatment of children with overweight and obesity in Benešov District. The third aim was to compare success rate of obesity treatment in children that have already undergone obesity treatment under specialist supervision and success rate of weight reduction in children trying themselves. The fourth aim was to map the problems of cooperation of a nurse with parents and school in treatment of a child with obesity. We used a qualitative research method in the research part of the thesis. The questioning method by means of semi structured interview was applied. Three research samples were prepared for the research purposes. The first research sample consisted of 10 nurses working in paediatrician practitioner surgeries in Benešov District. The second research sample consisted of 10 persons intentionally chosen from among parents of children with obesity that are trying to reduce the weight of their children themselves or under assistance of an obesity specialist. The children were of school and pre-school age. The third research sample consisted of 10 paediatrician practitioners practicing in Benešov District. Open-coding technique paper and pencil method was applied on interview processing. A document analysis was used for the mapping of the services in Benešov District and the whole Central Bohemia Region. Six research questions were set: 1. What are the possibilities of specialist help to obese children? 2. Are parents willing to help their obese children with overweight reduction? 3. Do parents of obese children also have problems with overweight? 4. What experience do nurses from paediatrician practitioner surgeries have with care about obese children? 5. What does cooperation between parents and a nurse from a paediatrician practitioner surgery looks like? 6. How does a nurse working in a paediatrician practitioner's surgery cooperates with the school? The thesis conclusion shows that the problem of children obesity is not just the matter of Benešov District, but it is a global problem, it is urgent and has an increasing trend.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:47:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pre-textual.pdf: 85079 bytes, checksum: c0b538425c70af6046e3d2f2163a9f4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-01 / O aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs) vem sendo associado às mudanças do estilo de vida, principalmente aquelas relacionadas com a alimentação e o sedentarismo. Sobre esse tema, há considerável evidência epidemiológica sugerindo que a alimentação vegetariana está associada ao baixo risco para essas doenças, em particular para as doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs). Para a avaliação do risco cardiovascular (RCV) em vegetarianos (VEGs) e onívoros (ONIs), foi realizado estudo de coorte histórico com 201 indivíduos (35 a 64 anos). Foram incluídos na pesquisa 67 VEGs há no mínimo cinco anos, provenientes da Grande Vitória e 134 ONIs do Projeto MONICA/WHO/Vitória, pareados por classe socioeconômica, sexo, idade e raça/etnia. Dados dietéticos de três recordatórios de 24 horas, medidas antropométricas, bioquímicas e hemodinâmicas foram obtidos na Clínica de Investigação Cardiovascular da UFES. O consumo estimado de Na+e k+ foi determinado pela coleta de urina de doze horas no período noturno. Para comparação de proporções, foi usado o teste X2 e, para médias, o teste t de Student. Foi calculado o risco relativo e quantificado o risco cardiovascular por meio do algoritmo de Framingham. A idade média do grupo foi 47+8 anos e o tempo médio de vegetarianismo 19+10 anos, sendo a dieta ovolactovegetariana seguida por 73% dos VEGs. A maioria dos participantes pertencia às classes B e C e a religião predominante foi a de Adventistas do Sétimo Dia. VEGs relataram menor ingestão de proteínas e gorduras de origem animal e maior de carboidratos e fibras. Pressão arterial, glicemia de jejum, colesterol total, LDL-c e triglicerídeos foram mais baixos entre os VEGs (P<0,001) e o risco de hipertensão foi aproximadamente 6,5 vezes maior entre os ONIs (IC95% 2,7-15,4; P<0,001). O HDL-c não foi diferente entre os grupos. Índice de Massa Corporal > 30kg/m2 (obesidade) não foi identificado em nenhum VEG. Entre os ONIs, 20% apresentaram obesidade e 38% sobrepeso. Na+ e Na/K também foram menores entre os VEGs, assim como a razão cintura/quadril. De acordo com o algoritmo de Framingham, os VEGs apresentaram menor RCV (P<0,001). A alimentação onívora desbalanceada, com excesso de proteínas e gorduras de origem animal, pode estar implicada em grande parte no desencadeamento de DCNTs, em especial na hipertensão, diabete e obesidade. / The increase in Non-transmittible Chronic Diseases (NTDCs) has been associated to changes in lifestyle, mainly those related to eating and sedentary habits. On this theme, there is considerable epidemic evidence suggesting that vegetarian eating habits are associated to the low risk from these diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). For the evaluation of the cardiovascular risk (CVR) in vegetarians (VEGs) and omnivores (ONIs), a historical cohort study was done with 201 individuals (aged from 35 to 64 years). They were included in the 67 VEGs study for the past five years, from Greater Vitória, and 134 ONIs from the Project MONICA/Vitória, based on socioeconomic class, sex, age and race/ethnic group. Dietary data from three 24 hour-records which measured anthropometrics, biochemistries and hemodynamics were obtained at the UFES Cardiovascular Investigation Clinic. The estimated consumption of Na+ e k+ was determined by twelve-hour urine collection during the night period. The X2 test was used for comparison of proportions and the Student test t for averages. The relative risk was calculated and quantified the cardiovascular risk by Framingham algorithm. The group average age was between 47+8 years and the average vegetarianism time of between 19+10 years, being an ovolactovegetarian diet followed by 73% of VEGs. Most of the participants belonged to the classes B and C and the predominant religion was the Seventh Day Adventist. VEGs ingested less protein and animal fats and more carbohydrates and fibers. Blood pressure, fasting glucemia, total cholesterol, LDL-c and triglycerides were lower among VEGs (P < 0,001) and the hypertension risk was approximately 6,5 times greater among ONIs (IC95% 2,7-15,4; P < 0,001). The HDL-c was not different among the groups. Corporal Mass Index > 30kg/m2 (obesity) was not identified in any VEG. Among ONIs, 20% presented obesity and 38% overweight. Na+ and Na/K were also smaller among VEGs, as well as the waist/hip reasoning. In agreement with the Framingham algorithm, VEGs presented smaller RCV (P < 0,001). The unbalanced omnivores eating habits, with protein excess and animal fats can largely be blamed for NTDCs unlocking, especially in hypertension, diabetes and obesity.

Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini / Banca: Walkyria de Paula Pimenta / Banca: Avany Fernandes Pereira / Resumo: A resistência insulínica (RI) pode ser descrita como etapa inicial do desenvolvimento do diabetes melito tipo 2 fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. O mecanismo proposto seria via estresses oxidativo e inflamatório retroalimentados positivamente pela constante hiperglicemia conseqüente aos hábitos alimentares inadequados e inatividade física... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Insulin resistance (IR) could be na initial stage towards the development of rype 2 diabetes and is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Some ways of triggering type 2 diabetes are through stress oxidation and inflammatory feedbacked possibly due to constant hyperglycemia, poor eating habits and lack of physical activity... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_jf_me_botfm_prot.pdf: 1060873 bytes, checksum: 4ebc690842a5ea42cc20b4b7cd653b6e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A resistência insulínica (RI) pode ser descrita como etapa inicial do desenvolvimento do diabetes melito tipo 2 fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. O mecanismo proposto seria via estresses oxidativo e inflamatório retroalimentados positivamente pela constante hiperglicemia conseqüente aos hábitos alimentares inadequados e inatividade física... / Insulin resistance (IR) could be na initial stage towards the development of rype 2 diabetes and is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Some ways of triggering type 2 diabetes are through stress oxidation and inflammatory feedbacked possibly due to constant hyperglycemia, poor eating habits and lack of physical activity... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

A inadequação acerca de hábitos alimentares tem se constituído como um grave problema na contemporaneidade. Trata-se de um fenômeno multifatorial e de difícil manejo, haja vista as suas diferentes nuances e causas. Uma população especialmente exposta aos malefícios oriundos dos maus hábitos alimentares são os indivíduos com Síndrome de Down, tanto no que diz respeito aos aspectos inerentes à condição do próprio indivíduo, quanto aos desajustes alimentares, tornando-se o controle do peso uma medida necessária para um desenvolvimento adequado. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo relacionar as comorbidades da Síndrome de Down com a obesidade com uma proposta de educação nutricional fundamentada a partir dos pressupostos da aprendizagem mediada, junto às crianças de três a quatro anos com Síndrome de Down. Participaram da pesquisa cinco crianças, sendo quatro meninas e um menino. Participaram também seus pais e/ou responsáveis. O procedimento de coleta de dados envolveu a realização de oito oficinas lúdicas com as crianças e a avaliação nutricional das mesmas, cinco reuniões com os pais e três visitas domiciliares com cada família participante. Buscou-se construir junto com estas crianças e seus familiares uma educação nutricional que contribuísse para suas escolhas cotidianas do ato de comer. Utilizando da escuta, da observação e de questionário, além das intervenções lúdicas, evidenciou-se que o primeiro significado do ato de comer é construído pela sua família e reforçado pelo seu convívio social. No geral, as características da nossa amostra parecem estar de acordo com a literatura pesquisada. Ao longo das intervenções, as crianças mostraram atenção, mas pouca compreensão do conteúdo. Com as mães, os resultados foram diferentes, com reflexões acerca da alimentação inadequada tanto pelo tipo de alimento oferecido, como pela quantidade e forma que essa oferta se realizava, realizaram ao longo das intervenções modificações em seu estilo de vida, como a percepção sobre a influência que tinham sobre seus filhos na formação de seus hábitos alimentares, assim como uma menor frequência na ingestão de refrigerantes e doces. As intervenções nutricionais e as mediações realizadas com as mães é que parecem ser estratégias eficazes no combate a obesidade. Diante do que foi discutido, percebe-se a importância da implementação de medidas intervencionistas no combate e prevenção ao excesso de peso ou obesidade desde a infância, particularmente com as crianças com síndrome de Down. Deve-se prevenir a obesidade infantil com medidas de caráter educativo e informativo desde o nascimento, com a família e com a própria criança, através da atenção primária de saúde e nas escolas. / The inadequacy about eating habits have been established as a serious problem nowadays. It is a multifactorial and difficult to handle, given their different nuances and causes. A population particularly exposed to the bad eating habits arising harm are individuals with Down syndrome, both with regard to the aspects inherent to the individual's own condition, regarding eating misfits, making it the weight control a necessary measure for a proper development. Thus, this study aimed to develop and evaluate a proposal based nutrition education from the assumptions of mediated learning, with children three to four years with Down syndrome. The participants were five children, four girls and a boy. Also included his parents and / or guardians. The data collection procedure involved the use of eight playful workshops with children and nutritional evaluation of those five meetings with parents and three home visits with each participating family. We tried to build with these children and their families a nutritional education to contribute to their daily choices of eating. Using listening, observation and questionnaire, besides playful interventions, it was observed that the first meaning of the act of eating is built in the family and reinforced by their social life. Overall, our sample characteristics seem to agree with the literature. During the intervention, the children showed attention, but little understanding of the content. With mothers, the results were different, with reflections on the inadequate power both the type of food offered, and quantity and so this offer is performed, conducted along the interventions changes in your lifestyle, such as perception of influence they had on their children in the formation of their eating habits, as well as less frequent intake of soft drinks and sweets. Nutritional interventions and mediations conducted with the mothers is that they seem to be effective strategies to combat obesity. Face of what was discussed, we see the importance of implementing intervention measures in combating and preventing overweight or obese since childhood, particularly with children with Down syndrome. One should prevent childhood obesity with educational and informative measures from birth, with family and with each child, through the primary health care and schools. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

(thesis): Basis: This diploma thesis follows the bachelor thesis that concentrates on the eating habits and water intake of blood plasma donors before plasmapheresis. Goals: The research had four goals: 1) explore to what extent does providing of the educational material influence the awareness of blood plasma donors. 2) To map subjective state of health and lifestyle of plasma donors regarding their physical activity, healthy, regular, varied diet, smoking and sleep schedule. 3) To explore the knowledge of regime measures and risk behaviour before donating blood plasma. To evaluate donors' eating habits and water intake before plasmapheresis and reveal potential deficiencies. 4) Evaluate the knowledge of a given problem with those respondents who were provided with educational material in comparison with those respondents who got no educational material. Methods: An educational material was created regarding regime measures of blood plasma donors. This educational material served as the basis for standardized anonymous questionnaire. Maintaining the ethical principles and with the ethical committee's approval, overall data of 40 respondents frequenting Haematology Department and blood transfusion of the Military University Hospital Prague. The sample consisted of two groups of randomly selected...