Using action orientation after failure as a measure of individual differences in emotion regulation abilities (ERA), this thesis’ studies investigated the impact of ERA on cognition, behavior, and own versus imposed goals differentiation. The first study used cortisol as a physiological stress marker to replicate the link between ERA and the ability to make intuitive judgments under stress. High ERA were associated with increased performance in an intuition task under stress. In contrast, when feeling no stress, low ERA were associated with increased performance in an intuition task. The second study showed that ERA can compensate for depression-associated biased processing of negative stimuli. This effect was present even at mild to moderate depression levels. Replicating earlier findings, the third study showed that ERA are associated with an increased ability to distinguish self-chosen from imposed goals. Most importantly, the study identified activation in the right medial prefrontal cortex as a neural correlate of identifying self-chosen goals, and activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, as a correlate of falsely identifying imposed goals as self-chosen ones. Altogether, these studies show the necessity to consider individual differences in ERA in stress, clinical, and motivational research. The findings are discussed with respect to three theories that relate to motivation and personality from behavioral and neurobiological perspectives, namely, Personality Systems Interaction Theory, Predictive and Reactive Control Systems Theory, and Self-Determination Theory.

Le vécu d'événements traumatiques est associé à l'obésité adulte, et cette association s'expliquerait par l'apparition de troubles alimentaire. D’autre part, il semblerait que l’exposition à une expérience traumatique soit associée à des déficits dans la régulation des émotions, eux-mêmes associés à une prévalence plus élevée de troubles alimentaires. Aussi, les capacités de pleine conscience (i.e., prendre conscience de ses pensées, émotions et sensations dans le présent et sans jugement) ont montré un intérêt croissant dans la littérature afin de proposer aux patients obèses de mieux réguler leurs émotions et ainsi leurs comportements alimentaires. Une première partie s’intéressera au rôle de l’exposition à un événement traumatique dans la régulation des conduites alimentaires de patients obèses. Cette partie est composée de deux études : l’une ayant pour objectif de vérifier les associations entre l’exposition à un événement traumatique et la perte de poids postopératoire ainsi que l’évolution des conduites alimentaires en pré- et postopératoire ; et l’autre ayant pour but d’explorer le rôle des stratégies de régulation des émotions et des capacités de pleine conscience dans la relation entre les effets psychopathologiques de l’exposition à un événement traumatique et les conduites alimentaires. Une seconde partie s’intéressera aux effets des entraînements à la pleine conscience sur les conduites alimentaires et l’activité physique de patients obèses. Cette partie est composée de trois études : une étude de cas clinique, une revue systématique et méta-analyse et un essai contrôlé randomisé (étude MindOb). Les résultats de la première partie montrent que les patients opérés d'une chirurgie bariatrique ont plus de risques de perdre moins de poids en postopératoire et d'avoir des troubles alimentaires en pré- et postopératoire lorsqu'ils ont été exposés à un événement traumatique. De plus, auprès de patients non-opérés, l'impact psychologique d'un événement traumatique, ainsi que des stratégies non-adaptatives de régulation des émotions, sont associés à de la détresse psychologique, de l'impulsivité alimentaire et des accès hyperphagiques. Les résultats de la seconde partie montrent que les interventions basées sur la pleine conscience réduisent l'impulsivité alimentaire et les accès hyperphagiques de patients obèses non-opérés. Aussi, les résultats suggèrent que les interventions basées sur la pleine conscience augmentent le niveau d'activité physique des patients obèses. Cette thèse apporte ainsi des éléments de réponse quant à l'intérêt de proposer des techniques psychothérapeutiques favorisant la régulation des émotions des patients obèses. Il semblerait qu'intervenir en préopératoire soit favorable afin d'éviter la persistance et l'apparition de troubles alimentaires. Aussi, les interventions psychothérapeutiques seraient plus efficaces si elles ciblaient les patients ayant vécu des événements traumatiques et/ou souffrant d'accès hyperphagiques. D'autre part, les interventions basées sur la pleine conscience semblent efficaces, mais la méthode d'intervention optimale est encore à identifier. Il reste à vérifier si l'intervention doit être à distance ou en présentiel, quotidienne et sur le long terme ou sur une courte période, complémentaire à un suivi médical et contextualisée aux troubles alimentaires ou plus généraliste. / Exposure to adverse life events has been associated with adult obesity, and could translate into the appearance of eating disorders. Moreover, exposure to adverse life events has been associated with emotional dysregulation, which would be in turn linked to higher prevalence of eating disorders. Furthermore, mindfulness skills (i.e., non-judgmental awareness of thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations in the present-moment) have been the object of increased attention in the scientific literature as a means to increase emotion regulation and treat eating disorders in obese patients. The first part of this thesis studies the associations of exposure to adverse life events with eating patterns in obese patients. Two studies have been conducted in this part: the first aiming at assessing the association of exposure to adverse life events with postoperative weight-loss, as well as pre- and postoperative eating patterns; and the second aiming at exploring the role of emotion regulation strategies and mindfulness skills in the association of exposure to adverse life events and eating patterns. The second part studies the effects of mindfulness training on eating patterns and physical activity in obese patients. Three studies have been conducted in this part: a clinical case study, a systematic review and meta-analysis, and a randomized controlled trial (MindOb study). The results of the first part showed that bariatric surgery patients exposed to adverse life events are at risk of losing less weight after surgery, as well as having more dysfunctional eating patterns pre- and postoperative. Moreover, with non-operated obese patients, the results showed that the psychological impact of adverse life events and non-adaptive emotion regulation have been associated with psychological distress, impulsive eating, and binge eating. The results of the second part showed that mindfulness training decreased impulsive and binge eating in non-operated patients. Moreover, results showed that mindfulness training could also increase physical activity in these patients. This thesis highlights the need for providing obese patients with psychotherapeutic techniques increasing emotion regulation. The results suggest that pre-surgery interventions could avoid maintenance or the appearance of dysfunctional eating patterns. Moreover, psychotherapeutic interventions would be more effective in the case of patients either exposed to adverse life events or being diagnosed with binge eating disorder. However, while mindfulness training seemed effective, the optimal intervention design has yet to be identified. In fact, the questions of whether such training should be self-help or guided, daily and long-term or short-term, complementary to medical care and adapted to eating disorders or broader, must still be tested.

While most of the existing research on the topic of workplace incivility has focused upon its consequences on employee and organizational well-being, researchers are recognizing the need for research on predictors, mediators, and moderators of uncivil workplace behavior. The current study contributes to this new wave of workplace incivility research by emphasizing the links among variables not previously explored in incivility research. This nonexperimental correlational study (N = 1027) developed and tested a parallel multiple mediator model of instigated incivility. The model examined the mediation of the emotion regulation strategies – cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression – on the relation of two types of social dominance orientation – intergroup dominance (SDO-D) and intergroup antiegalitarianism (SDO-E) – on the outcome of instigated incivility, and tested the moderating effects of workgroup civility climate on the paths of the proposed model. An Internet-based self-report survey battery was administered to a sample drawn from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk worker population. Hypotheses were tested though structural equation modeling analytic procedures. Findings suggest that intergroup dominance (SDO-D) increases instigated incivility and the relationship is not moderated by workgroup civility climate norms. In contrast, intergroup antiegalitarianism (SDO-E) decreases instigated incivility. Further, this study found that SDO-D had an indirect effect on instigated incivility through the emotion regulation strategy of expressive suppression. Additional findings suggest that the emotion regulation strategy of cognitive reappraisal has the potential to reduce uncivil workplace behavior. Future research was proposed to test the model examined in this study in different cultural settings, with additional mediators and moderators, and longitudinally. The practical findings suggest that HRD practitioners may find emotion regulation and civility trainings useful to reduce the likelihood of uncivil workplace behavior.

The purpose of this study was to explore treatment options for aggression-related disorders. Two activities were examined to validate their use as frustration-reduction techniques --yoga and therapeutic drumming. Twenty-two college students were randomly assigned to participate in one of three groups--yoga, drumming, or silence (control)--following experimentally-induced frustration using a computerized Stroop color-word technique. Self-reported emotion levels and physiological responses were tracked at baseline, post-frustration, and post-treatment to measure responses to treatment. Results indicate that self-reported frustration levels were significantly reduced in all experimental groups, but physiologic responses showed no significant changes. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) indicated no significant difference in lowered frustration for any of the treatment groups, suggesting that they are equally effective. These results also suggest that the passage of time may be key to successful emotion regulation. Further study should examine control variables and methodology to identify other factors that may be involved in regulating aggressive emotions.

No description available.

[pt] A autocompaixão demonstrou ser uma ferramenta importante para lidar de maneira mais saudável consigo mesma, especialmente em tempos difíceis. Por outro lado, a autocrítica é considerada uma estratégia desadaptativa, com estudos experimentais demonstrando que traz consequências prejudiciais aos indivíduos. Considerando isso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da autocompaixão na ansiedade e na reatividade emocional, utilizando medidas de autorrelato e fisiológicas. / [en] Self-compassion has been shown to be an important tool to deal in a healthier manner with oneself, specially during difficult times. By contrast, selfcriticism is considered a maladaptive strategy, with experimental studies having shown that it brings harmful consequences to individuals. Considering this, the present study aimed to verify the effect of self-compassion in anxiety and emotional reactivity, using both self-report and physiological measures.

Värdesättning av glädje är ett komplext fenomen relaterat till psykisk hälsa. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka värdesättning av glädje och dess specifika samband till emotionsreglering, emotionell uppmärksamhetskontroll och uppmärksamhetskontroll. Urvalet bestod av 252 vuxna deltagare (Målder=31.39, SDålder=12.09). Datainsamlingen gjordes via en online-enkät där deltagarna fick självskatta sin förmåga på skalorna: Valuing Happiness Scale, Emotional Attentional Control Scale, Attentional Control Scale och Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Resultatet visar att det finns specifika samband mellan värdesättning av glädje och uppmärksamhetskontroll i neutrala och emotionellt krävande situationer. Endast emotionell uppmärksamhetskontroll förklarar en statistiskt signifikant varians i värdesättning av glädje när man kontrollerar för de andra variablerna. Fortsättningsvis fann denna studie att det inte förekommer könsskillnader i värdesättning av glädje i en svensk kontext. Däremot finns det statistiskt signifikanta könsskillnader i strategin expressive suppression för emotionsreglering, där män använder strategin mer frekvent än kvinnor. Framtida studier bör undersöka värdesättning av glädje och relationen till dessa psykologiska variabler närmre och fylla i kunskapsluckorna som finns på detta komplexa fenomen. / Valuing happiness is a complex phenomenon related to mental health. This study aimed to investigate valuing happiness and its specific relationship to emotion regulation, emotional attentional control, and attentional control. The sample consisted of 252 adult participants (Mage=31.39, SDage=12.09). The data collection was done via an online survey where the participants had to self-assess their ability on the scales: Valuing Happiness Scale, Emotional Attentional Control Scale, Attentional Control Scale and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The results show that there is a specific relationship between valuing happiness and attentional control in neutral and emotionally demanding situations. Only emotional attentional control explains statistically significant variance in valuing happiness when controlling for the other variables. Furthermore, this study found that there are no gender differences in valuing happiness in a Swedish context. In contrast, there are statistically significant gender differences in the expressive suppression strategy for emotion regulation, with men using the strategy more frequently than women. Future studies should examine the valuing of happiness and the relationship to these psychological variables more closely and fill in the knowledge gaps that exist regarding this complex phenomenon.

Svårigheter med känsloreglering har uppmärksammats som en orsak tillpsykologiska svårigheter samt som en förklaring till olika beteendeproblem. Behandling med fokus på känsloreglering kan således ge effekt inom flera olika områden i livet. Att utforska patienters egna erfarenheter av utfall av sådan behandling har inte skett i särskilt omfattande utsträckning. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att undersöka deltagares upplevelse av utfall avseende faktiska beteendeförändringar efter att ha genomgått en gruppbehandling i färdighetsträning i känsloreglering för ungdomar och föräldrar i en barn- och ungdomspsykiatrisk kontext. Studien avser svara på frågeställningar om; vilka beteendeförändringar deltagarna upplever att de själva gjort, vilka beteendeförändringar deltagarna upplever att personen de deltog i färdighetsträningen tillsammans med har gjort samt om andra personer i deltagarnas omgivning uppmärksammat beteendeförändringar hos deltagarna. Tjugoen deltagare (10 ungdomar och 11 föräldrar) intervjuades och intervjuerna analyserades med reflexiv tematisk analys. I analysen framkom olika beteendeförändringar som tolkats i två huvudteman. Första temat, Koverta beteenden, hade följande subteman: ”Lyssna inåt”, ”Kunskapsbaserad insikt”, ”Det är okej” samt ”Nya perspektiv och förhållningssätt”. Andra temat, Overta beteenden hade följande subteman: ”Kommunikation om känslor förenar”, ”Förnuft och känsla” samt ”Konflikthantering”. Analysen ledde fram till slutsatsen att färdighetsträning i känsloreglering förefaller leda till beteendeförändringar hos deltagarna. Kliniska implikationer diskuteras. / Difficulties with emotion regulation has been identified as a common factor that can lead to various psychological difficulties and behavioral problems. Treatments that focus on emotion regulation can thus have an effect in several different areas of life. Exploring patients’ own experiences of outcomes of such treatments has not been extensively studied. The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate participants’ experiences of outcomes regarding behavioral changes after undergoing a group treatment in emotion regulation skills training in a child- and adolescent psychiatric outpatient setting. The study intends to answer questions about; what behavioral changes the participants feel they have made themselves, what behavioral changes the participants feel that the person they participated in the skill training together with has made and whether other people in the participants’ surroundings have noticed behavioral changes in the participant. Twenty-one participants (10 adolescents and 11 parents) were interviewed and the interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. In the analysis, various behavioral changes emerged, which are interpreted into two overarching themes. The first theme, Covert behaviors, had the following subthemes: "Listen inwardly", "Knowledge-based insight", "It's okay" and “New perspectives and approaches". The second theme, Overt behaviors, had the following sub-themes: "Communication about emotions unites", "Reason and emotion" as well as "Conflict management". The analysis led to the conclusion that skills training in emotion regulation appears to lead to behavioral change in the participants. Clinical implications are discussed. / <p>Linköpings universitet | Institutionen för Beteendevetenskap och lärande Psykoterapeutexamensuppsats, 15 hp | PsykoterapeutprogrammetHöstterminen 2022</p>

Introduktion: Barnfetma är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem som växer i snabb takt.Obehandlad övervikt och fetma bland barn kan leda till kroniska följdsjukdomar ivuxenlivet, såsom högt blodtryck, förstadier till diabetes typ-2, psykisk ohälsa samt förtidigdöd. En hög frekvens av emotionellt ätande bland barn och unga har visat sig ha sambandmed barnfetma. Emotionellt ätande (EE) handlar om att känslor hanteras genom att ätamat vilket kan leda till ökat kaloriintag. Möjliga orsaker som förknippats med EE bland barnär bland annat föräldrastilar, det vill säga föräldrarnas beteende och förhållningssätt tillmat och matsituationen. Syfte: Litteraturöversikten syftade till att undersöka föräldrastilarsom kan orsaka emotionellt ätande bland barn och unga. Metod: En struktureradlitteraturöversikt användes där en tematisk analys utfördes på nio vetenskapligaoriginalartiklar. Resultat: Föräldrastilar som orsakade EE bland barn var: föräldrar somanvände mat som belöningsmetod för gott beteende, önskvärt beteende eller för att mildraett temperamentsfullt barn till lugn. Andra föräldrastilar var då föräldern begränsadebarnets matintag på grund av oro för viktuppgång samt förälderns brist på hantering avnegativa känslor såsom stress och ångest vilket hanterades genom att använda mat somstrategi för att mildra de negativa känslorna. Specifikt moderns hantering av negativakänslor och moderns egna emotionella ätande orsakade EE bland barn. Slutsats: Att förståhur sociala kognitiva processer påverkar känslomässig reglering och ätbeteende kan stödjautvecklingen av förebyggande och terapeutiska strategier för behandling av barnfetma. / Introduction: Childhood obesity is a global public health problem that is growing at arapid pace. Untreated overweight and obesity among children can lead to chronic diseasesin adulthood. A high frequency of emotional eating among children and adolescents hasbeen shown to be associated with childhood obesity. Emotional eating (EE) is aboutemotions being managed by eating food which can lead to increased calorie intake. Possiblecauses associated with EE among children include parenting styles, that is, parentalbehavior and approach to food and the food situation. Aim: The literature review aimed toinvestigate parenting styles that can cause emotional eating among children andadolescents. Method: A structured literature review was used in which a thematic analysiswas performed on nine original scientific articles. Results: Parenting styles that caused EEamong children were: parents who used food as a method for good behavior, desirablebehavior, or to soften a temperamental child to calm. Other parenting styles were when theparent restricted the child's food intake due to concerns about weight gain and the parent'slack of coping with negative emotions such as stress and anxiety which was managed byusing food as a strategy to mitigate the negative emotions. Specifically, the mother's dealingwith negative emotions as well as the mother's emotional eating caused EE among children. Conclusion: Understanding how social cognitive processes affect emotional regulationand eating behavior can support the development of preventive and therapeutic strategiesfor the treatment of childhood overweight and obesity.

No description available.