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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Investigando as ações e critérios docentes para avaliar em matemática

Barino, Maria Êda Amadeu 29 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-11-06T19:06:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaedaamadeubarino.pdf: 1787132 bytes, checksum: eb53cfff33a08949a3b199d80ee03dbd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T14:35:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaedaamadeubarino.pdf: 1787132 bytes, checksum: eb53cfff33a08949a3b199d80ee03dbd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T14:35:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaedaamadeubarino.pdf: 1787132 bytes, checksum: eb53cfff33a08949a3b199d80ee03dbd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T14:35:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaedaamadeubarino.pdf: 1787132 bytes, checksum: eb53cfff33a08949a3b199d80ee03dbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / Este estudo investiga o processo avaliativo sob a ótica do educador, desde o processo de confecção do instrumento até a interpretação da nota atribuída à aprendizagem do estudante. Ainda, buscamos compreender os objetivos e pressupostos que os educadores assumem para tal. Tomamos como ponto de partida os documentos oficiais e os estudos desenvolvidos sobre o tema. O projeto foi elaborado considerando a avaliação em todos os anos do segundo segmento do Ensino Fundamental, no qual os sujeitos de pesquisa foram quatro professores de matemática de uma escola particular. Deste modo, caracterizou-se por ser um estudo de caso desenvolvendo-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa. Utilizamos como referenciais teóricos Philippe Perrenoud, Cipriano Luckesi, Dario Fiorentini, Maurice Tardif e Paulo Freire. Como metodologia de pesquisa, embasamos o estudo nos trabalhos de Ponte e de Yin, que validam as análises desenvolvidas a partir dos dados colhidos na pesquisa de campo. De posse dos resultados alcançados, verificou-se a importância de se promover discussões acerca do tema Avaliação com graduandos e licenciandos formados, evidenciamos a carência que os cursos de licenciatura possuem nas disciplinas que competem a formação de um avaliador. Após análise dos dados constatou-se que a temática da avaliação da aprendizagem é pouco importante como elemento curricular constituinte da preparação docente nos cursos de licenciatura pesquisados. Como prática do ensino a avaliação segue conservadora, centrada no professor e preocupada com o seu caráter formal: provas, notas e certificação. Usamos entrevistas, recursos visuais com charges e observações não participantes. O Produto Educacional decorrente da dissertação foi um curtametragem dirigido aos educadores, contendo relatos de experiência de professores que atuam no segmento e referências sobre Formação Continuada e Avaliação da Aprendizagem. / This study investigates the evaluation process through the educator's perspective, from the instrument confection process until the assigned grade. Moreover, we seek to understand the goals and assumptions used in such process. First, we analyze official documents and studies conducted on the subject. The project design considered the evaluation process of the second segment of elementary school, in which the research subjects were four mathematics teachers from a private school. Therefore, this study is characterized as the case study with a qualitative perspective. Our main theoretical framework is the authors Philippe Perrenoud, Cipriano Luckesi, Dario Fiorentini, Maurice Tardif and Paulo Freire. The methodology is based on the Ponte and Yin‟s approach. Such method supports the output generated by the data collected. With further data analysis, it was possible to conclude that there is a lack of courses that talk about student‟s evaluation in the bachelor programmers. Additionally, It was verified that the theme teacher evaluation practice is under evaluated among bachelor programs analyzed. The teaching practice is still conservative, with focus on the teacher and yours formal assignments. One important output from this dissertation is a short film for the educators, which the content is the active professor‟s report on their evaluation process. Particularly, their reports covers the continued training and evaluation of the learning.
42

PolÃticas PÃblicas, financiamento e democratizaÃÃo da educaÃÃo superior: avaliaÃÃo do Reuni na Universidade Federal de Tocantins-UFT / Public policy, funding and democratization of higher education: evaluation of Universidade Federal de Tocantins - UFT

Nara Poliana de Souza Bandeira de Melo 10 November 2011 (has links)
nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo, de carÃter qualitativo e quantitativo, teve como objetivo avaliar o REUNI na Universidade Federal do Tocantins, no Campus de Palmas. O programa compÃe a polÃtica de expansÃo e democratizaÃÃo da EducaÃÃo Superior. A pesquisa bibliogrÃfica levantou tÃtulos que discutem ainda a democratizaÃÃo da EducaÃÃo Superior, avaliaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas no Brasil e o contexto polÃtico e econÃmico em que se deu a expansÃo do ensino superior nas ultimas dÃcadas. A estratÃgia metodolÃgica escolhida articulou dados quantitativos e qualitativos em prol de realizar uma avaliaÃÃo em profundidade do programa. Assim, foram levantados dados econÃmicos, polÃticos e culturais sobre o estado do Tocantins e a Universidade Federal do Tocantins e da implementaÃÃo do programa na instituiÃÃo. TambÃm foram realizadas pesquisa documental e entrevistas com os gestores, professores e alunos da UFT, com o objetivo de reconstruir a trajetÃria do programa na instituiÃÃo. O estudo permitiu verificar que hà diferentes concepÃÃes sobre o REUNI e que sua implementaÃÃo na UFT nÃo foi um consenso. A concepÃÃo de democratizaÃÃo presente no REUNI dentro da instituiÃÃo està posta com enfoque no acesso, desconsiderando a necessidade de garantia da permanÃncia. O estudo permitiu ainda verificar que o financiamento disponibilizado para a expansÃo proposta nÃo à proporcional Ãs atividades implementadas e nÃo considerou o dÃficit existente nas universidades. A pesquisa de campo envolveu ainda o levantamento do perfil sÃcio-econÃmico dos alunos dos cursos criados a partir do REUNI. Do universo de 62 alunos que responderam ao questionÃrios, os dados revelaram que os alunos na sua maioria sÃo jovens, solteiros, nÃo moram com a famÃlia, sÃo provenientes de escola pÃblica e possuem renda familiar de atà trÃs salÃrios mÃnimos. Para levantar dados sobre o perfil destes alunos, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com dez alunos entre os que responderam os questionÃrios. Os resultados apontaram que o REUNI no limitado perÃodo analisado, mas que refletia um momento de expansÃo no ensino superior na UFT, nÃo se observou uma tendÃncia francamente democratizante no sentido de inclusÃo social e de distribuiÃÃo de qualidade acadÃmica independente dos condicionantes sociais. / In this text, as qualitative and quantitative perspective, the goal is an evaluation the REUNI at the University of Tocantins, Campus of Palmas. The program makes up the policy of expansion and democratization of higher education. The literature up titles that still discuss the democratization of higher education, evaluation of public policies in Brazil and the political and economic context in which they gave the expansion of higher education in recent decades. The way chosen articulated quantitative and qualitative data in favor of performing a thorough evaluation of the program. Thus, data were collected economic, political and cultural state of the Tocantins and the Federal University of Tocantins and the implementation of the program at the institution. Were also conducted archival research and interviews with managers, teachers and students at the UFT, in order to reconstruct the trajectory of the program at the institution. The study shows there are different conceptions of the REUNI and its implementation in the UFT was not a consensus. The concept of democracy present in the gathered within the institution is placed with a focus on access, disregarding the need to guarantee permanence. The study allowed us to verify that funding for the proposed expansion is not proportional to the activities implemented and did not consider the existing deficit in the universities. The field research also involved the lifting of the socio-economic profile of students in courses created from the REUNI. The universe of 62 students who answered the questionnaires, the data revealed that students are mostly young, single, not living with the family, come from public school and have family income of up to three minimum wages. To collect data on the profile of these students, open interviews were conducted with ten students among those who answered the questionnaires. The results showed that reunited the limited period examined, but that reflected a time of expansion in higher education in the UFT, there was a trend towards democratizing of social inclusion and distribution of academic quality independent of social conditions.
43

Promoção da saúde entre jovens trabalhadores de micro e pequenas empresas da Central de Abastecimento de Campinas, SP / Health promotion among young workers from micro and small enterprises of the supply center of Campinas, SP

Masson, Valeria Aparecida, 1983- 12 April 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Inês Monteiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T16:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Masson_ValeriaAparecida_D.pdf: 5748783 bytes, checksum: 4014442b8b82661fef81701faf7dccc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este estudo sobre condições de trabalho, aspectos de saúde e capacidade para o trabalho de jovens trabalhadores de um Entreposto Hortifrutigranjeiro de Campinas visa à promoção da saúde no local de trabalho. Trata-se de estudo de intervenção de delineamento quase-experimental. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 42 jovens na faixa etária de 15 a 29 anos, selecionados no local de trabalho, de maneira intencional, com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade para o trabalho e os fatores de estilo de vida, condições de trabalho, fadiga e sonolência, para realização de promoção da saúde entre os sujeitos. Após as entrevistas foram realizadas atividades de promoção da saúde como grupos educativos, entrega de folders, exposição de pôster no mercado tomando por base a educação em saúde e a conscientização da população pela adoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis. Após a intervenção, o mesmo grupo de jovens, com perda de 11 sujeitos, foi novamente entrevistado. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário com dados sociodemográficos, estilo de vida e aspectos de saúde e trabalho; Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho, Questionário de fadiga e a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth, Escala de Karolinska e Analise Ergonômica do Trabalho. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, testes estatísticos e análise de conteúdo por meio dos programas estatísticos SPSS e SAS. As atividades de intervenção não tiveram efetividade sobre a saúde, capacidade para o trabalho e percepção de fadiga dos jovens. A prática de atividade física caiu de 54,8% para 42,9%, com aumento do Índice de Massa Corpórea médio (IMC) de 24,3 kg/m² (DP 6,8) para 25,5 kg/m². Após a intervenção, houve diminuição do uso de bebidas alcoólicas entre os sujeitos, de 42,8% para 19,1%, também houve redução do número de fumantes a zero. A maior parte dos sujeitos estudados apresentou capacidade para o trabalho adequada tanto no pré-intervenção quanto no pós-intervenção. Não ocorreu alteração da capacidade para o trabalho e fatores como escolaridade, estresse, dor e uso de medicamentos foram associados à menor capacidade para o trabalho. Fatores como estresse, sonolência, dor e escolaridade foram associados com a fadiga. Os jovens apresentaram riscos ocupacionais em suas atividades de trabalho, como movimentos repetitivos, posições inadequadas, cargas de peso, que devem ser considerados em futuros estudos de intervenção sobre as condições e organização do trabalho. Os resultados analisados mostraram a necessidade de se dar continuidade às intervenções no local de trabalho visando manter a capacidade para o trabalho e reduzir a fadiga da população estudada / Abstract: This study on working conditions, health issues and work ability of young workers from the supply center of Campinas aims to promote health in the workplace, since the working conditions and health are major determinants of inappropriate situations that these workers are exposed to. This is a quasi-experimental design intervention study. The interviews were conducted with a group of 42 young people aged 15 to 29 years, intentionally selected at work with the purpose of evaluating the work ability and lifestyle factors, working conditions, fatigue and drowsiness, in order to conduct health promotion among the individuals. After conducting the interviews, activities to promote health like education groups, delivering of leaflets, and poster exhibition at the market building, all based on health education and the public awareness for adopting healthy life habits. After the intervention, the same group of young people with loss of 11 subjects was interviewed again. We used the following instruments: a questionnaire about socio-demographic, lifestyle and aspects of heath and work; Work Ability Index, Fatigue Questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and Ergonomic Work Analysis. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, statistical tests and content analysis by means of statistical programs SPSS and SAS. Intervention activities were not effective on health, work ability and perception of fatigue. Subjects who practiced physical activities before the intervention were 54.8% and after the intervention that number dropped to 42.9%. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) increased from 24.3 kg/m² (SD 6.8) to 25.5 kg/m². After the intervention, there was a decrease in alcohol consumption among the subjects, 42.8% to 19.1%, with respect to smoking, two subjects stopped smoking after the intervention, therefore no subject smoked in the post-intervention. Most of the subjects studied had adequate capacity to work both in the pre-test and post-test. Factors such as education, stress, pain and medication use was associated with reduced capacity for work. Factors associated with increased perception of fatigue, were stress, somnolence, pain and schooling. The youth had occupational risks in their work activities, such as repetitive motions, awkward positions, load weight, which should be considered in future intervention studies on the conditions and work organization. The analyzed results show the need to continue the interventions in the workplace to maintain the ability to work and reduce fatigue of the population studied / Doutorado / Enfermagem / Doutora em Enfermagem
44

Vattentäta betongkonstruktioner utsatta för tvångskrafter : Finit elementanalys av tvångsfördelning för vanliga typfall / Waterproof concrete structures exposed to restraint forces : Finite element analysis of restraint distribution for common cases

De Barros Cruz, Julio Cesar, Paunovic, Marijana January 2019 (has links)
Betong är ett av de mest använda byggnadsmaterialen i dagens samhälle. Några av anledningarna till detta är att den har lång livslängd, är naturligt material som är 100 % återvinningsbart samt ej lättantändligt material. Även om betong har många fördelar så är den inte helt idealisk eftersom den har en låg draghållfasthet. En betongkonstruktion kan spricka på grund av förhindrade rörelser som skapar dragspänningar. Förhindrade rörelser kallas för tvång och kan beskrivas i form av en tvångsfaktor. I detta examensarbete definieras tvångsfaktor som en spänningskvot mellan påtvingade spänningar och påtvingade spänningar vid fullständigt tvång. Fastlåsningsgrad, rörelsemöjlighet och styvhetsrelation mellan det nygjutna elementet och motgjutningen är avgörande parametrar vid beräkning av tvång och ett typiskt fall kan exempelvis vara en vägg gjuten mot grund. En helt förhindrad konstruktion kan ha en tvångsfaktor som är lika med 1 medan en konstruktion som kan röra sig fritt kan ha en tvångsfaktor som är lika med 0. En relativ lägre tvångsfaktor fås däremot om krypningseffekten beaktas eftersom den har gynnsam inverkan på tvånget. Betongen kan spricka på grund av tvånget och om sprickan inte är förväntad eller är större än den förväntade för den dimensionerade lasten då betraktas den som skada. Att förhindra vattengenomträngning eller läckage innebär dessutom att genomgående sprickor i vattentäta betongkonstruktioner bör undvikas. Det är således viktigt att beakta tvånget vid sprickriskanalyser av vattentäta betongkonstruktioner. Syftet med det här examensarbetet var att undersöka tvånget utifrån flera aspekter vilket gjorde att arbetet uppdelades i 3 analyser. Analys 1 syftade på att bekräfta de typiska fallen som anges i eurokoden SS-EN 1992–3 samt att utvärdera angivna tvångsfaktorer vid beräkning av tvångsdeformationer. Följaktligen användes finita elementprogram för modellering av de fallen från eurokoden och samtidigt gjordes handberäkningar för att komplettera analysen. I analys 2 studerades hur tvånget påverkas mellan konstruktionsdelar med ändring av bärverksdimensioner. Bärverket som studerades var vägg gjuten mot bottenplatta. Föränderliga parametrar var plattans bredd och tjocklek samt väggens höjd och tjocklek. Samtidigt togs ändring av konstruktionens längd som en påverkande faktor. Slutligen gjordes sprickviddsberäkningar avseende böjande moment och krympning i analys 3 för att få fram armeringsmängderna som skulle klara sprickviddskravet för vattentäta betongkonstruktioner. Detta åstadkoms enligt två olika beräkningsmetoder: Eurokodens och Engströms (2014). Dessa beräkningar visade även en jämförelse i armeringsmängd vid användning av tvångsfaktorer hämtad från eurokoden och tvångsfaktorer framräknad enligt FE-analyserna. Resultaten från analys 1 visade att variationen av beräknade tvångsfaktorer inte motsvarade helt den variationen som anges i SS-EN 1992–3 men avvek inte alldeles för mycket. Det fanns dock några enstaka fall där avvikelser var märkbara och därmed erfordras en noggrannare undersökning. Analys 2 visade att ökning av väggens volym minskar tvånget mot plattan men att en motsatt effekt fås för ökning av plattans volym. Det visade sig dessutom att en längre konstruktion orsakar större tvång mellan själva konstruktionsdelar. Slutsatsen från analys 3 var att skillnaden i genererad armeringsmängd var nästan proportionell i procentsats mot skillnaden i tvångsfaktor. Olika beräkningsmetoder resulterade dock i armeringsmängder som inte var jämförbara. Jämförelsen mellan de två beräkningsmetoderna var inte heller syftet med detta examensarbete utan endast ett försök att få en insyn i hur de olika metoderna är uppbyggda. / Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in society today. Some of the reasons for this are that it has a long life, is a natural material that is 100% recyclable and non-flammable material. It has many advantages, but it is not entirely ideal due to its low tensile strength. A concrete structure may crack due to restrained movements which creates tensile stresses. Restrained movements are called restraint which can be described in the form of restraint factor. In this thesis, restraint factor is defined as a ratio between the actual imposed stress and the imposed stress at full restraint. The degree of fixity, movement possibility and stiffness relation between the newly casted element and the adjacent old structure are crucial parameters in the calculation of restraint and a typical case is, for example, a wall-on-slab cast. A completely restrained construction has a restraint factor equal to 1, while a structure that can move freely has a restraint factor equal to 0. However, a relative lower restraint factor is obtained if the creep effect is considered, since it has a positive influence on the restraint. The concrete may crack due to the restraint and if the crack is not expected or is larger than the expected for the dimensioned load then it is considered as damage. Preventing water penetration or leakage also means that through cracks in waterproof concrete structures should be avoided. Therefore, it is important to consider the restraint on fracture risk analyzes of waterproof concrete structures. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the restraint based on several aspects, which meant that the work was divided into 3 analyses. Analysis 1 had as purpose to confirm typical cases specified in Eurocode SS-EN 1992–3 and to evaluate the stated restraint factors that the Eurocode proposes should be used in calculations of restraint deformations. For that matter, finite element program was used for modeling the cases from the Eurocode and at the same time hand calculations were made to supplement the analysis. Analysis 2 consisted of examining how the restraint between structural parts is affected by changing dimensions of the structure. The construction being studied was wall-on-slab cast. Variable parameters were the width and thickness of the slab, as well as the height and thickness of the wall. At the same time, changing the length of the construction was taken as an affecting factor. Lastly, crack width calculations for bending moments and shrinkage were made in analysis 3 to obtain the amount of reinforcement that meet the crack width requirement for waterproof concrete structures. This was done according to two different calculation methods: Eurocodes and Engström’s (2014). These calculations also showed a comparison in the amount of reinforcement when using restraint factors derived from Eurocode and restraint factors calculated according to the FE analyses. The results from analysis 1 showed that the variation of restraint factors calculated did not completely correspond to the variation stated in SS-EN 1992–3 but did not deviate too much. However, there were a few cases where deviations were noticeable and therefore a more detailed examination is required. Analysis 2 showed that increasing the volume of the wall reduces the restraint against the slab, but an opposite effect was obtained by increasing the volume of the slab. At the same time, it was found that a longer construction causes greater restraint between the actual components. The conclusion from analysis 3 was that the difference in generated amount of reinforcement was almost proportional in percentage to the difference in restraint factor. However, using different calculation methods resulted in amounts of reinforcement that were not comparable. Comparison between the two calculation methods was not the purpose of this thesis, but merely an attempt to gain an insight into how the different methods are structured.
45

“Jag har hela tiden känt att den här diagnosen intestämmer på mig” : - en kvalitativ innehållsanalys om strukturella motiv till viljan att omprövasin adhd-diagnos / “I’VE ALWAYS FELT AS IF THIS DIAGNOSIS WASN’T RIGHT FOR ME” : - a qualitativecontent analysis about the structural motives behind the wish to re-evaluate an adhd diagnosis

Martinell, Mona, Nilsson Kvarnlöf, Moa January 2023 (has links)
Adhd (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) är en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättningsom ofta kräver stödinsatser från samhället. Detta faller inom ramen för vår roll somsocialarbetare, där vi förväntas att identifiera utsatta grupper och samordna stöd för dessa.Under den senaste tiden har diskussioner i media berört en ökad förfrågan inom svensk hälsoochsjukvård gällande omprövning av neuropsykiatriska diagnoser. Syftet med dennadokumentstudie är att nå en närmare förståelse för de strukturella motiven till att personermed adhd önskar att få diagnosen omprövad i relation till stigmatisering och socialakategoriseringar. Därmed ämnar vi att bidra med fler perspektiv på diagnostisering och desspåverkan på individen.Studiens empiri består av personliga berättelser som publicerats i media, vilka har valts utmed hjälp av ett målstyrt urval. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys har begränsningar i livet,negativt bemötande och en negativ självbild, kunnat identifieras som motiv bakom viljan attompröva sin adhd-diagnos. När dessa motiv analyserats i relation till de teoretiska begreppenstigmatisering och sociala kategoriseringar, kan viljan att ompröva sin diagnos på enstrukturell nivå förstås som en påverkan av samhälleliga normer och upplevelsen av att varafeldiagnostiserad. / Adhd (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neuropsychiatric disability whichdepends on the support of society. Lately, the diagnosis has been discussed in the media dueto increased requests within Swedish health care regarding re-evaluating neuropsychiatricdiagnoses.The purpose of this documentary study is to reach a further understanding about the structuralmotives behind the wish to re-evaluate an adhd diagnosis, with correlation to theories ofstigma and social category. Due to these theories, the study has an abductive strategy. Theempirics of the study consists of personal stories that have been published in the media,which has been chosen with a strategic sampling design. A qualitative content analysis hasbeen used to identify the motives behind the wish to re-evaluate an adhd diagnosis. Differentlimitations, a negative reception and a negative self image, are the motives we have been ableto identify. The wish to re-evaluate an adhd diagnosis could, after analyzing these motiveswith the theories of stigma and social category, be seen on a structural level as a result ofsocial norms and the experience of being misdiagnosed.
46

專案計劃可行性評估模式之研究--以經濟部經營管理類專案為實例研究

張永林, ZHANG, YONG-LIN Unknown Date (has links)
本論文共分為六章十六小節,計約五萬餘字。首章討論研究目皂、範圍、方法及限制 。第二章探討專案可行性評估的理訥基礎及文獻資料,包括專案可行性評估的意義、 功能及步驟,如何訂定專案可行性評估的指標,並簡述各種評估方法及其優缺點、應 用範圍。第三章為現行評估作業系統的探討,搜集到的資料有我國工研院、國營事業 投資評估方法、經濟部重要經建計畫評審,韓國矼究發展評審等。第四章,由前三章 的討論發展出經濟部科技顧問室經營管理類專案計畫可行性評估模式,包括評估程序 之確立、評估方法之選擇、評估指標及評估尺度的建立。第五章為本研究評估模式與 經濟部科技顧問室原評估作業之比較。第六章為本研究之結論與建議。
47

Trojaborgarnas dolda agenda : En övergripande beskrivning av trojaborgar i Sverige och en jämförelse av olika teorier om trojaborgarnas funktion / The Hidden Agenda of the Troy Towns

Olsson Söderhäll, Kristina January 2019 (has links)
A Troy Town is a labyrinth either built of stones or made of turf. They can be found in northern Europe, especially in Scandinavia. The number of Troy Towns in Sweden is outstanding. They are around 400. Most of them are situated on the coast but there are still approximatly 80 inland about 20 of which are located on ancient burial grounds from both bronze and iron age. The Troy Towns in Sweden are mostly marked with round circles of stones, the size of human skulls, and placed directly on the ground. The entrance of a Troy Town is often formed as a cross. There are some turf labyrinths left in Denmark, England and Germany but most of them are overgrown by grass and can no longer be seen. The Troy Towns are hard to date. Away from the coast one can examine their contexts whilst along the coast lichenometry and the sea level may be used to determine the age of them. There are different ways to describe the purpose of them depending on what period they belong to and where they are situated. Researchers do not agree on all the theories and many of them are based on older explanations. Still new theories appear. My purpose apart from describing the Troy Towns is to examine and compare the theories and to evaluate their plausibility. / <p>Uppsatsen ventilerad 2019-05-27</p><p>Uppsatsen godkänd 2019-06-12</p>
48

Proposta de método para avaliação do processo de extração de sucos cítricos

Kharfan, Daniela 30 August 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4027.pdf: 1690749 bytes, checksum: 8d859783d2c99e52f4016543ef37c8dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-30 / For almost one century, citrus chain has been one of the most important agribusiness for Brazil. Brazil is the largest world orange producer and the largest orange juice exporter, responsible for almost 90% of the worldwide orange juice exportations. Doubtless one of the most important Brazilian sectors, citrus is responsible for a huge percentage of the agribusiness exportations (around USD 1,5bilion/year) and one of the economy motors of the central regions of the State of São Paulo. Over this period, many changes occurred and are still going on into the national and international scenarios. Also, in the XXI century changes have being happened more quick and intense: great fruit and orange juice price oscillations, influence of exchange variation, the 2008 economical crisis, influence of climate conditions and incidence of new diseases, besides demand variations regarding volume and type of product (advent of NFC Not From Concentrate or single strength juice). Citrus processing industry represents a fundamental key role in the whole chain, to achieve new frontiers, putting the Brazilian product into the 5 continents, leveraging exportations to almost 1,300 k/tons of juice exported annually. To guarantee competitiveness in the business, processors have searched continuous improvement on processes, equipment, management techniques as well as quality standards of their products, in order to meet the demands of the market that, year by year, have become more discerning and demanding. There is also the need of continuous improvement and adjustment of the Research & Development techniques for equipment applied to industry, to attend the new parameters. Performance tests of citrus juice equipment are totally important to: evaluate productive process efficiency, investment definition, meet customer s standards and represent a point that impacts the strategic corporate decisions. The purpose of this master s degree dissertation is to propose a method for evaluating the technical-economic stage of citrus juice extraction. The study aims the juice extraction process introduced in the citrus juice extraction chain. For this, it was performed a review of literature and a case study in the segment of citrus juice processing. The research approach used is qualitative and quantitative, using already existent data, from empirical studies conducted in the sector. This work aims to structure and propose a method for the process of citrus juice comparative tests, and the performance evaluation of the extraction system, considering the higher number of variables and ensuring all necessary and sufficient data for decisionmaking. As academic contribution, this work aims to bring an empirical example improvement of food industry equipment, using experimental techniques and data analysis in a specific juice extraction situation, whose results are used for tracking their productive processes, monitoring and improving performance and decision-making regarding changes and investments. / A cadeia citrícola, ao longo de quase um século de existência no Brasil, tem se mostrado uma das mais importantes no agronegócio, visto que o Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de laranjas e o maior exportador de suco cítrico com quase 90% das exportações mundiais. É, sem dúvida, um dos setores mais importantes da economina brasileira, responsável por uma parcela generosa das exportações do agronegócio (cerca de US$ 1,5 bilhões / ano) e um dos motores da economia da região centro do Estado de São Paulo. Ao longo deste período, muitas mudanças ocorreram e continuam acontencendo no cenário nacional e internacional, e no século XXI as mudanças têm se tornado mais rápidas e intensas: grandes oscilações nos preços da fruta e do suco de laranja, influência da variação cambial e da crise econômica de 2008, influência das condições climáticas e incidência de novas doenças, além de variações na demanda no que se refere ao volume e tipo de produto (advento do NFC Not From Concentrate ou suco integral). Nesta cadeia, a indústria de processamento dos cítricos tem papel fundamental no avanço das fronteiras, colocando o produto brasileiro nos cinco continentes, alavancando as exportações com quase um milhão e trezentas mil toneladas de suco exportado anualmente. Para garantir a competitividade no negócio, as indústrias têm buscado melhorias contínuas nos seus processos, equipamentos, técnicas de gestão e também nos padrões de qualidade dos seus produtos, a fim de atender às exigências do mercado consumidor que tem se tornado, a cada ano, mais criterioso e exigente. A fim de atender estes novos parâmetros, há, também, uma necessidade de melhoria contínua e adequação das técnicas de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento para os equipamentos aplicados na indústria. A realização de testes de desempenho dos equipamentos de extração de sucos cítricos é de fundamental importância na avaliação da eficiência do processo produtivo, definição de investimentos, atendimento aos padrões de qualidade dos clientes, representando um ponto que causa impacto nas decisões estratégicas das empresas. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo a proposição de um método para a avaliação técnica-econômica da etapa de extração de sucos cítricos. O objeto de estudo, inserido na cadeia de produção de sucos cítricos, é o processo de extração de sucos. Para a realização deste trabalho, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica e um estudo de caso no segmento de processamento de sucos cítricos. A abordagem de pesquisa utilizada é a qualitativa e quantitativa, com a utilização de dados já existentes da literatura e dados de estudos práticos realizados neste setor. Espera-se com este trabalho a estruturação e proposição de um método para o processo de realização de testes comparativos de extração de suco cítrico e a avaliação do desempenho deste sistema de extração, de forma que considere o maior número de variáveis do processo e garanta a obtenção de dados necessários e suficientes para tomadas de decisão. Como uma contribuição acadêmica, espera-se que o trabalho proposto traga um exemplo prático de melhoria no segmento de equipamentos para a indústria de alimentos por meio do uso de técnicas de experimentação e análise de dados em uma situação específica de extração de suco, cujos resultados são utilizados para acompanhamento de seus processos produtivos, monitoramento e aprimoramento de desempenho e tomada de decisão de modificações e investimentos.
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Análise do Desempenho de poços de infiltração na cidade de Goiânia-GO / Performance Analysis of Infiltration Wells in the city of Goiania-GO

ARAUJO, Alexandre Garces de 31 July 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:18:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao alexandre g de araujo 2010.pdf: 3962909 bytes, checksum: 97389404f675188b86d8e2dcd3e78e06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-31 / This paper presents the performance study of infiltration pits. Two experimental fields were selected for evaluation of the pits, one studied by Carvalho (2008) and the other deployed in this work. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the sensitivity of the performance of the infiltration pit before the variability of soil properties. Three performance parameters were considered: time of infiltration 50%, 70% 85% the volume of water in the well. The variability of the properties was made with the use of possible values obtained by the coefficient of variation of each property evaluated. In the experimental field deployed in this study were collected undisturbed samples to perform laboratory tests such as characterization, consolidation test method, soil-water characteristic curve, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The SWCC showed the presence of macro structure and its format as bimodal. The saturated hydraulic conductivity showed that the soil behavior is governed by the macro structure, this resulted in hydraulic conductivity value close to the sandy. The hydraulic conductivity test was performed at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul using the permeameter developed by Feuerharmel (2007). The function of hydraulic conductivity obtained was compared with Brooks & Corey (1964) prediction method showing good results to the first baseline of SWCC. An automated method was developed for monitoring the variation of the water column in the well during infiltration. The method was based on the use of pressure sensors and a data acquisition system, comparing this method with using a conventional tape measure showed good results. Numerical analysis showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity is the property that most influence on the performance of the structures of infiltration differences were not observed in the analysis considering different depth of groundwater level. / Este trabalho apresenta o estudo do desempenho de poços de infiltração. Dois campos experimentais foram selecionados para avaliação dos poços, um estudado por Carvalho (2008) e outro implantado neste trabalho. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a sensibilidade do desempenho do poço de infiltração perante a variabilidade das propriedades do solo. Foram considerados três parâmetros de desempenho, o tempo de infiltração de 50%, 70% e 85% do volume de água no poço. As variabilidades das propriedades foram feitas com a utilização de valores possíveis obtidos pelo coeficiente de variação de cada propriedade analisada. No campo experimental implantado neste trabalho foram retiradas amostras indeformadas para realização de ensaios de laboratório como caracterização, adensamento, curva característica, condutividade hidráulica saturada e não saturada. A curva característica mostrou a presença de macro estrutura tendo seu formato como bimodal. A condutividade hidráulica saturada mostrou que o comportamento do solo é regido pela macro estrutura resultando em valor de condutividade hidráulica bem próximo ao de solos arenosos. O ensaio de condutividade hidráulica do solo não saturado foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul utilizando o permeâmetro triaxial desenvolvido por Feuerharmel (2007). A função de condutividade hidráulica obtida foi comparada com a estimada pelo método de Brooks e Corey (1964) que mostrou bom resultado até o valor de sucção referente ao primeiro patamar da curva característica. Foi desenvolvido um método automatizado para monitoramento da variação da coluna de água no poço durante a infiltração. O método baseou-se na utilização de sensores de pressão e um sistema de aquisição de dados, a comparação deste método com o convencional utilizando uma trena mostrou bons resultados. As análises numéricas mostraram que a condutividade hidráulica saturada é a propriedade que mais influência no desempenho das estruturas de infiltração. Não foram observadas diferenças consideráveis nas análises considerando diferente profundidade do nível do lençol freático
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"Hellre en bra story än en dålig" : En kvalitativ studie om framställningen av berättandet i tv-spel / "Rather a good story than a bad" : A qualitative study about the development of storytelling in videogames

Ospino Munter, Alexander, Berglund, Emelie January 2011 (has links)
Within the literature and film sciences there are clear models of storytelling and methods of creating a good story. In the game industry it's more difficult because the games are often non-linear, and games are a less established medium than the other two. With this study our purpose was to examine game developers and methods they used when creating a videogame, with focus on storytelling. Four interviews were made with representatives from four different videogame companies in Sweden. The information from the interviews was put in relation to theories regarding the structure of videogames and an established model for creating videogames. The results show that methods for creating videogames were sometimes lacking if not completely missing. Each videogame company had their own methods of creating videogames and the storytelling was often the least prioritised. They all pointed out that the story of a game is of great importance, but it also seemed to be the first thing to get cut when compromises had to be made. The conclusion can be drawn that using a established model when developing a videogame could make it easier for the developers, as well as benefit the story of games yet to be released to the market.

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