Using the concepts of social imaginary (C. Castoriadis), social representations (S. Moscovici), Eigen-Sinn (A. Lüdtke) and tactics (M. de Certeau), this thesis answers the question of whether in people's democratic Czechoslovakia (1945-1960) came into existence, or was coming into existence, what could be called a "socialist night." The problem is addressed as in the domain of imagination and narrative as well as in the domain of everyday experience of night at the time when Czechoslovakia had ambition to establish a new economic, political and social order after the end of the World War Two. The first symbolical step in the process of creation of new Czechoslovakia was the end of the war and was proclaimed to be completed in July 1960, when the Socialist Constitution was adopted. The question is addressed with the use of analysis of audiovisual sources, media, administrative, legislative, technical-statistical and police sources. Other applied theories are also the concept of governamentality (M. Foucault), the mass culture (W. Benjamin, T. Adorno, M. Horkheimer) and the legitimate dominion (M. Weber).

This study analyzes the sociocultural factors that affect Saudi students in the U.S. as they seek information and explores to what extent these factors impact their everyday life information seeking (ELIS) behavior and their information technology behavior (ITB). The factors in this study illustrate the unique sociocultural values that distinguish Saudi students from other international student groups: gender segregation, emphasis on religion, social support, and utilization of the consultation concept. After collecting data from an online survey, the data from linear regression analyses revealed that only one culture factor (the language barrier) showed a significant impact on Saudi student ELIS in the U.S., while the other factors were not statistically significant. Also, the findings indicated that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) were statistically significant to the ELIS of Saudi students. Furthermore, the study showed that after academic information, food and drink, entertainment, and health were the top student needs, the top ranking sources for everyday life seeking information were social media and the Internet. The findings of the study help to shed light on a sizable user group. As the fourth largest group of international students in the U.S., Saudi students have been underrepresented in research. Also, the study's findings and recommendations provide a more profound understanding of Saudi students for both the hosting American university officials and stakeholders who provide scholarships.

Bakgrund En stomi är en kirurgisk åtgärd som innebär att tarmen förs ut och anläggs utanpå buken. Detta ändrar tarmfunktion och medför att elimination sker genom tarmutskottet i buken. Information och god omvårdnad är grundpelare för att kunna anpassa sig till den nya verkligheten. Syfte Att beskriva vuxnas upplevelser att leva med en stomi. Metod Metoden som använts är en litteraturöversikt. Artiklar med kvalitativ samt kvantitativ metod användes som underlag från databaserna PubMed samt Cinahl complete. Artiklarna analyserades genom en tematisering, som användes som underlag för resultatet. Resultat Tre huvudteman identifierades i resultatet vilka var Ett förändrat liv, Psykologisk påverkan av att leva med stomi och- Behov av stöd och kunskap. Det framkom att stomin påverkade det vardagliga livet och kunde ha negativ psykologisk påverkan. Det var tydligt att personer som får stomi behöver stöd från vårdgivare och familj. Sammanfattning Att få en stomi kan vara både fysiskt och psykiskt påfrestande för personer. Det uppstår problem som kan vara svårhanterade- samt upplevs som hinder i vardagen och skapar ett behov för omvårdnad och egenvård. / Background A stoma is a surgical procedure which leads the intestine through the abdomen. This changes the intestinal function and leads to elimination through the abdomen. Information and good care are the foundation to adapt to the new reality. Aim To describe adults experiences of living with a stoma. Method The method used is a literature review. Articles with qualitative and quantitative methods were used from the databases PubMed and Cinahl complete. The articles were analyzed thematically, which were used as a basis for the result. Results Three main themes identified in the result were A changed life, Psychological impact of having a stoma and Need for support and knowledge. It was shown that the stoma had an impact on the everyday life and could have a negative psychological impact. It was clear that persons that had a stoma were in need of support from their care provider and family. Summary To get a stoma can be physically and psychologically distressing for people. Problems which can be difficult to deal with and cause a dysfunctional everyday life arise. Furthermore, a need for care and self-care is created.

This diploma thesis is focused on the everyday life of the inhabitants of tower apartment buildings in Kladno - Rozdělov. The houses designed by architect Josef Havlíček were built in the second half of the 1950s. Due to their uniqueness, both the external buildings and the timeless interiors and equipment they were listed as among the cultural sights. Using the method of oral history, I tried to capture the normal course of houses, the lives of individuals and entire families. The work is supported by a source base consisting of interviews with witnesses, archival materials, period legislation and research literature. It is divided into three basic parts - methodological, historical-contextual and empirical. On a general level, the thesis focuses on the system of housing allocation in the former Czechoslovakia and life on housing estates. Furthermore, I specifically describe the daily operation of the house, the figure of the caretaker who supervised maintenance of order, the use of common areas such as laundries, terraces or entrance halls, the area around the house, but also the daily life and leisure of "ordinary people" who lived there. A separate chapter is also devoted to the political propaganda of the time, which was part of the daily life of individuals and the whole society.

Bakgrund: Idag är bröstcancer den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor och utgör cirka 30 procent av all cancer hos kvinnor. Genom tidig diagnostik och behandling överlever allt fler kvinnor sin bröstcancer, vilket ställer höga krav på omvårdnad och rehabilitering. Bröstcancer och dess behandling kan påverka kvinnors upplevda hälsa. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva kvinnors erfarenheter av det dagliga livet efter bröstcancerbehandling. Metod: En litteraturstudie enligt Polit och Becks niostegsmodell. Utifrån två databaser resulterade sökningen i 12 originalartiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Artiklarna har analyserats med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre kategorier framkom. Den första kategorin är “Kroppsliga förändringar utmanar kvinnans egenmakt” med tre underkategorier. Den andra kategorin är “Förlorad egenkontroll i det sociala livet” följt av tre underkategorier. Den tredje kategorin är “Känslornas inverkan på hälsosituationen” och består av två underkategorier. Slutsatser: Tiden efter bröstcancerbehandling innebär en stor påfrestning psykiskt, fysiskt och socialt, vilket leder till begräsningar i vardagen. För att främja kvinnors hälsa och egenmakt bör hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal sträva efter att tillgodose individanpassad information som beaktar individens informationsbehov och personliga kunskapsnivå. / Background: Today, breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women and accounts for approximately 30 percent of all cancers in women. Through early diagnosis and treatment, more women survive their breast cancer, which places high demands on care and rehabilitation. Breast cancer and its treatment can affect women's perceived health. Purpose: The purpose of the literature study was to describe women's experiences of daily life after breast cancer treatment. Method: A literature study according to Polit and Beck's nine-step model. Based on two databases, the search resulted in 12 original articles with a qualitative approach. The articles have been analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories emerged. The first category is "Body changes challenge women's empowerment" with three subcategories. The second category is “Lost self-control in social life” followed by three subcategories. The third category is "The impact of emotions on the health situation" and consists of two subcategories. Conclusions: The time after breast cancer treatment means a great strain mentally, physically and socially, which leads to limitations in everyday life. In order to promote women's health and empowerment, healthcare professionals should strive to provide individually tailored information that considers the individual's information needs and personal level of knowledge.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how Swedish young people’s information literacies are learned and enacted in different contexts. This study contributes to the information literacies research area by comparing information literacies across contexts rather than focusing on either the school context or everyday life, which most previous research has done. The study has a societal relevance linked to the library and education professions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven Swedish students in their last year of secondary school. The study’s understanding of information literacies is based on sociocultural theory and practice theories. The empirical data was analysed from a sociocultural perspective. Concepts such as cultural tools, mastery and appropriation, cognitive value, cognitive authority, imposed questions, and infrastructural meaning-making were used in the analysis. The results illustrate that information literacies in school are affected by the students being judged and graded. Outside of school more information is passively encountered rather than actively searched for. Finding ways to minimise time and effort is part of the participants’ information literacies. Across contexts, information literacies are socially shaped and negotiated. How information literacies are conceptualised and learned in school affects what is considered searching for information and assessing credibility outside of that context. In school, credibility assessments are learned explicitly, while outside of school they are learned implicitly. The study also indicates the importance of educating students about search engines and algorithms.

Inom sentida urban utveckling har teori gällande förtätning blivit allt vanligare inom hur rumslig utformning tar form. Detta innebär alltså en ökad bebyggelse och befolkning inom en viss yta. Positiva effekter av detta är bland annat en mer effektiv användning av mark, minskad miljöpåverkan till följd av kortare resor samt en påstådd ökad tillgänglighet till följd av bättre anslutning och närhet till destinationer. Det denna kandidatuppsats vill utreda är i vilken mån fysisk struktur påverkar den vardagliga tillgängligheten. Detta genom en jämförande studie av föräldrars resor kopplat till lämning och hämtning vid förskola i de två primärområdena Utby och Olivedal i Göteborgs kommun. Uppsatsen utgår ifrån en definition av tillgänglighet vilken uppnås genom samspel mellan närhet och anslutning å ena sidan samt mobilitet å andra. Tillgänglighet kan således uppnås genom närhet till målpunkter samtidigt som mobilitetsverktyg för att överbrygga avstånd också spelar in. Längre avstånd kan således sätta högre krav på mobilitet som faktor (Haugen, 2012:3). Genom en digital enkätstudie så har kvantitativa empiriska data från flertalet föräldrar inom respektive primärområde samlats in och analyserats. Analys har utgått ifrån aktuella frågeställningar gällande samband mellan rumslig struktur och hur vardaglig tillgänglighet uppnås, samt vilka rumsliga faktorer som påverkar för föräldrars val av transportmedel vid resor kopplat till lämning och hämtning vid förskola. Vid analys av resultat framkommer hur tidseffektivitet och smidighet utgör avgörande motiv vid val av transportmedel till och från förskola. Uppnådd tillgänglighet influeras därmed av vad som möjliggör för tidseffektivt resande. I områden med tät bebyggelse är närhet vanligtvis viktigast för tillgänglighet, medan längre avstånd ökar betydelse av mobilitet. Vid korta avstånd är gång och cykling konkurrenskraftiga alternativ, medan längre avstånd gynnar kollektivtrafik och bil. Jämförelse mellan områden visar därtill skillnad inom mobilitetsverktyg då tillgång till bil och parkering är större inom Utby medan alternativ för kollektiv trafik är fler inom Olivedal. I tidsgeografiska termer kan således rumslig struktur påverka hur vardagen formas då de mest tidseffektiva alternativen tenderar att premieras av individen. / In contemporary urban development, the theory of densification has become increasingly common in shaping spatial design. This implies increased construction and population within a certain area. Positive effects of this include more efficient land use, reduced environmental impact due to shorter travel distances, and alleged increased accessibility resulting from better connectivity and proximity to destinations. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the extent to which physical structure affects everyday accessibility. This is done through a comparative study of parents' journeys related to drop-off and pick-up at preschool in the two primary areas of Utby and Olivedal in the municipality of Gothenburg. The thesis is based on a definition of accessibility, which is achieved through the interaction of proximity and connectivity on the one hand, and mobility on the other. Accessibility can thus be achieved through proximity to destinations, while mobility tools to bridge distances also play a role. Longer distances may therefore place higher demands on mobility as a factor (Haugen, 2012:3). Through a digital survey, quantitative empirical data from several parents in each primary area have been collected and analyzed. The analysis is based on relevant research questions regarding the relationship between spatial structure and the attainment of everyday accessibility, as well as the spatial factors influencing parents' choice of transportation for preschool-related journeys. The analysis of the results reveals that time efficiency and convenience are crucial motivators in the choice of transportation to and from preschool. Attained accessibility is thus influenced by what enables time-efficient travel. In densely populated areas, proximity is usually the most important factor for accessibility, while longer distances increase the importance of mobility. For short distances, walking and cycling are competitive options, while public transportation and cars are favored for longer distances. Furthermore, a comparison between the areas shows differences in terms of mobility tools, as access to cars and parking is greater in Utby, while there are more public transportation options in Olivedal. In terms of time geography, spatial structure can therefore influence the shaping of everyday life, as individuals tend to prioritize the most time-efficient alternatives.

Research has shown that seniors are a group that use digital devices and the internet differently than the ”digital natives” born into the digital era. The senior group is growing and the population in this group is constantly changing. The purpose of this study is to investigate information seeking behaviour among seniors in everyday life practice, related to media- and information literacy. This is a qualitative study and the data was collected through four interviews with seniors in the ages 71-81 years old. The study has a theoretical frame in Reijo Savolainens ”Everyday Life Informations Seeking model”. I have used thematic analysis to identify codes and themes in the empiric material. The results show that the seniors in the study have adopted enough media- and information literacy to function in society and as they age they have less interest in keeping themselves updated with digitalization. The fast digital development and digital literacy is challenging and the seniors feel barriers with orienting in digital environments. The seniors have adopted digital media to both ”practical- and orienting information” but are using these in parallel with traditional media. The seniors have varied digital litteracy and there is some difference between the knowledge and needs of the people who took part in the study. The seniors have adopted the internet and new technology to be able to participate in society, they use the webb and apps for things such as banking, parking and communicating. The telephone is preferred for quick contacts and problem solving but when communicating with relatives and peers the seniors also use communication platforms such as WhatsApp, Facetime and Zoom.

This essay explores endometriosis from a sociological perspective, with a focus on its impact on women in their everyday lives, work, and social contexts. Endometriosis, a condition affecting approximately 10 percent of women during their reproductive years, is a prevalent but incurable disease, with treatments only alleviating symptoms. Despite its prevalence, it remains relatively unknown to the general public, leading to lengthy diagnostic processes and a lack of understanding of the experiences of those affected. With this essay we want to shed light on how endometriosis affects women’s opportunities in the job market and private life, as well as its interaction with gender aspects within medical research and treatment. Through interviews and digital ethnography, we investigate how individuals with endometriosis experience interactions with healthcare providers, employers, and social relationships, as well as how the disease contributes to stigma and shame. The authors conclude that endometriosis significantly impacts women’s lives, both personally and professionally. The disease often leads to physical and emotional challenges that can limit their participation in the workforce and social activities. They emphasize the need for increased awareness and understanding of endometriosis, as well as improved healthcare strategies to support affected women. Further research is necessary to explore and address the unique challenges faced by women with endometriosis. Regarding future research, the thesis highlights the importance of continued investigation in this field to develop better treatment methods and support structures. This includes exploring the effects of endometriosis on women’s mental health, their ability to maintain employment, and how the disease affects their social relationships and overall quality of life.

No description available.