This present article “An institution of impeachment in Lithuanian constitutional law” analyses the origins of this institution in national law, gives a comparative analysis of constitutional regulation of an impeachment procedure in Lithuania and in other states. The paper presents the definition of “institution of impeachment”, shows an importance of this institution in Lithuanian and in West States law, the problems of implementation of this institution and the process of impeachment in Parliament and in Constitutional Courts. The paper analyses an evolution of this institute in common law counties – especially in USA and in civil law countries. The paper shows the list of impeachment subjects and the grounds of impeachment application. Also it analyses the part of Constitutional Court in the process of impeachment. It should be mentioned that only the Court can decide if the Constitution was outraged, the crime or the perjury was done. The official constitutional doctrine of the Constitutional Court shows the actual limits and grounds of the constitutional liability application. That means, that the constitutional jurisprudence, not the Constitution provisions shows actual features of impeachment institution. Also the ratio of law and fact in the impeachment process is analyzed. The present article discusses the question of Constitutional Court established facts and the question of legal consequences originated from the useful impeachment procedure application to persons... [to full text]

In order to help children become effective at addition and subtraction, it is important to provide them with an opportunity to investigate and discover the interconnectedness of the two operations. Fact families are one method teachers use to try and help children develop and understand how the operations relate to one another. This paper documents a strategy that was used with a seven year old boy to help him connect addition to subtraction. The strategy incorporated flash card tools to help him create logical problems to discover the mathematical relationship of fact families. With just a few trials, the child was able to create and explain problems that demonstrated the interconnectedness of fact families through addition and subtraction. The model was successful in helping the child advance his understanding. Additionally, it can be extended to more complex addition and subtraction problems as well as multiplication and division fact families.

The thesis deals with one major issue of how the amaXhosa authors reflect change and transition in the lives of their characters in the period under consideration. This change pertains both to the socio-politico-economic life of the people concerned and the contents of the books and the style of the authors' writings. The study is ground-breaking in that it goes beyond common dissection of the structural elements of the books to a synthetic study of their themes, subject matter, character portrayal and setting. The primary aim is to give a holistic overview of the changing culture of the black people against the backdrop of subjugation and transformation. Chapter 1 contains all the formal preliminary information such as aim, method, context, relevance and topicality of study. Chapter 2 anchors the study in the newspaper age as a solid foundation for the amaXhosa literature. Chapter 3 is an overview of the beginnings of literary endeavours among the amaXhosa and how they reflect the impact of socio-economic pressures in the lives of the people. Chapter 4 further illustrates the impact of education and Christianisation on the blacks as well as growing political awareness among the authors. Chapter 5 focuses on culture-clash among the amaXhosa as a result of the alienating influence of both the church and the school. Chapter 6 highlights changes in society at the height of oppression under the previous political dispensation. Chapters 7 and 8 reflect the authors' thinking and how they depict changes in post-apartheid South Africa while Chapter 9 focuses on the role of Language Boards in restricting freedom of writing and expression during the apartheid years. Chapter 10 is a general conclusion that encapsulates the main points of the thesis. / African Languages / D. Litt, et Phil. (African Languages)

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-09-13T17:02:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Antonio.pdf: 1915237 bytes, checksum: 9bb4783cbaeae39698926fc3ec0f7fca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T17:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Antonio.pdf: 1915237 bytes, checksum: 9bb4783cbaeae39698926fc3ec0f7fca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Studying the historical evolution and taking an overview of the religious education in Brazil, we today face the problem of the exclusion of two different types of view on its treatment on public schools: or should it exist the "confessional" religious teaching, or it shouldn't exist at all. Overcoming the view of the laicity as an abstention when affirming that the religious, on its own definition, doesn't concern us nor even the science, and admitting a laicity of intelligence when we defend that is our duty or even the duty of science to understand it as a human and social expression, the teaching of the religious phenomenon can overcome these two views with the use of a strong epistemological basis for this area of knowledge, as fixed in our Constitution. It guarantees the respect to the diversity and the cultural plurality of the brazilian society and it contributes to the comprehension of the religious phenomenon as a "cultural object". It is capable of support practices of a teaching of the religious phenomenon in a secular education system, without prejudicing its laicity - on the contrary, it can actually go on its behalf. The secular education focusing on the formation of a citizen cannot ignore the existance of religions for its strong presence and for its role in a society. It is needed to critically decrypt the religions representations and its practices in name of a more constructive cohabitation between people and extract values from the religious traditions that can contribute with the human life on its plenitude. This model of teaching the religion as an anthropological, social and cultural phenomenon can even perform a specific role on what concerns the knowledge of oneself (identity) and also on what regards the acceptation of the different (alterity), pointing to the construction of ethic values and the notion of being a citizen. This research is based on a great bibliographic raising data and interviews with specialists on secularization, laicity and on religious teaching, all based on Régis Debray's proposal adopted in France. It leads us to conclude that the teaching of the religious phenomenon in Brazil's public schools is not only necessary, but indispensable if we want an education that contributes to the formation of our students in a solidary living. / Ao estudarmos a evolução histórica e o panorama atual do ensino religioso no Brasil, nos deparamos hoje com o problema da exclusão mútua de duas visões do seu tratamento na escola pública: ou deve existir o ensino religioso confessional ou não deve existir nenhum tipo de ensino religioso. Superando uma visão de laicidade de abstenção ao afirmar que o religioso, por definição, não nos diz respeito ou não diz respeito à ciência, e admitindo uma laicidade de inteligência ao defender que é nosso dever ou dever da ciência compreendê-lo como expressão humana e social, o ensino do fenômeno religioso pode superar essas duas visões, a partir de uma base epistemológica sólida para esta área de conhecimento, como já é prevista pela nossa legislação. Ele garante o respeito à diversidade e à pluralidade cultural da sociedade brasileira e contribui para a compreensão do fenômeno religioso como “objeto de cultura”. Ele é capaz de subsidiar práticas de ensino do fenômeno religioso no sistema de ensino laico, sem prejuízo de sua laicidade, mas a favor dela. A educação laica para a cidadania não pode ignorar as religiões pela sua forte presença e função na sociedade. É preciso decodificar criticamente as representações e práticas religiosas em nome da convivência mais construtiva entre as pessoas e extrair das tradições religiosas valores que contribuam para a vida humana na sua plenitude. Este modelo de ensinar a religião como fenômeno antropológico, social e cultural pode ainda cumprir uma função específica no que se refere ao conhecimento de si mesmo (identidade) e do outro para a aceitação do diferente (alteridade) apontando para a construção de valores éticos e de cidadania. Esta pesquisa se baseia em um grande levantamento bibliográfico e entrevistas com especialistas em laicidade e ensino do religioso a partir da proposta de Régis Debray adotada na França. Ela nos leva a concluir que o ensino do fenômeno religioso na escola pública do Brasil não é apenas necessário, mas até indispensável, se queremos uma educação que contribua para a formação dos nossos alunos e alunas para a convivência solidária.

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Text in Afrikaans / Die penologiese perspektief rakende die ontwikkeling/ doel en funksionering van leke-assessore is die onderwerp van hierdie verhandeling. Leke-deelname in die regsplegingstelsel kan terug­ gevoer word na 1657. Deur die latere oorname van Engelse regsbeginsels1 word die juriestelsel in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg geinkorporeer. Na die afskaffing van die juriestelsel in 1969 berus die beantwoording van sowel feite- as regsvrae slegs by die voorsittende beampte. Hierdie situasie is as onaan­ vaarbaar beskou en grater leke-deelname word bepleit. Dit is egter eers in 1991 dat die aanwending van leke-assessore in die Suid-Afrikaanse regstelsel 'n realiteit word. Een van die voorvereistes vir die aanstel van assessore is dat die aanstelling dienstig vir die regspleging moet wees. Die vraag waarmee penoloe en juriste worstel, is of die aanwending van assessore tans wel bevorderlik vir gesonde regspleging is. Uit empiriese navorsing het dit geblyk nie die geval te wees nie. Derhalwe word 'n opleidingsprogram vir assessore voorgestel / The subject of perspective on tioning of lay justice. this dissertation is a penological the development/ purpose and tunc­ assessors in the administration of The use of lay assessors can be traced back as far as 1657. As a result of the adoption of the British law principles/ the jury system was incorporated in South African law. After the abolition of the jury in 1969/ the answering of factual and judicial questions resides in the presiding officer. This situation was unacceptable and lay participation was advocated. The use of lay assessors became a reality in 1991. The prerequisite for the appointment of an assessor is that it should be expedient for the administration of justice. But are the use of lay assessors beneficial at this stage? From the empirical research it is evident that it is not beneficial at all and therefore the researcher recommends a training programme for lay assessors. / Penology / M.A. (Penologie)

The aim of the Thesis ?Written texts in the matter-of-fact functional style? is to describe the changes of functional styles in present day communication, as the consequence of diminishing of differences between formality and informality. Concerning the extent of the issue, we will mainly focus on spontaneous written documents of the matter-of-fact functional style, which have been significantly replacing the primarily spoken speeches. The work goes on analysis of language material which has been gathered within opinion newsgroup portal Novinky.cz discussions. The analysis of the recorded materialis aimed at determining the way the spontaneous vicarious written documents resemble the speeches and considering if they keep some of their distinguishing features of a written text.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 906802 bytes, checksum: 2bcaa63940462e5bcfe8c5c42dec541b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The object of this study is the institutional interlocution that could turn viable a Collaboration Regime among the Spheres or Levels of Government − a constitutional clause aiming at organizing and developing all Brazilian educational systems: Municipal, State, Federal District and Federal Union, in a country with deep regional inequalities. The macro-structural aspects that constraint the definition of public policies are not underestimated, but we chose an approach that focuses on the contradictory and conflicting performances of a restricted number of people that take part in the proposition and management of educational public policies. The indefinite character of the Collaboration Regime is treated in the perspective of a possible construction and enlargement of the Public Sphere of Rights, as an interface of educational policy in its indissoluble relation to political life. Our subject-matter is situated in a field of tensions delineated by, and based on, the state of the art. What is the meaning of that Collaboration Regime for the proposition of democratic management of educational policies? How does it relate to the contents of democratic management thought in the light of the State/Society relation? We argue that one of the innovative institutional facts generated in the process of democratization of the Brazilian society is the performance of people striving to construct and enlarge the public spaces for proposing and managing public policies. The methodology is based on interpretative ethnography, using ideas of Geertz, Ricoeur, and Lakoff, and moves towards Habermasian tradition on the configurations of the public sphere, which is understood in the spirit of Habermas endeavour to widen the idea of rationality by constructing a discursive theory of rationality for politics and rights. The empirical target of our ethnographic investigation is Prof. Dr. Neroaldo Pontes de Azevedo s professional itinerary as an educational manager. His professional route from 1992 to 1996 as a Rector of the UFPB, and then as a Municipal Secretary of Education of João Pessoa (from 1996 to 2001) made it possible for him to earn a national projection through the presidency of Undime during a period of educational reform. The results of this investigation highlight the Collaboration Regime as a mechanism of reciprocal regulation of the performances of common and concurrent competences among the spheres of Government, supported by institutional interlocution. The silence on the Collaboration Regime points to the interlocution as something to which we should pay attention when we think about the contents of democratic management, in spite of the conceptual and empirical indefinite character of the constitutional clause under discussion. / O objeto deste estudo é a interlocução institucional para viabilizar o Regime de Colaboração entre as esferas de governo − dispositivo constitucional visado para organizar e desenvolver os Sistemas Federal, Distrital, Estaduais e Municipais de Ensino, em um país com profundas desigualdades regionais. Os aspectos macro-estruturais que pesam sobre a definição das políticas públicas não são subestimados, mas o recorte da abordagem incide sobre a atuação contraditória e conflituosa de um número restrito de pessoas que intervêm na proposição e na gestão das políticas públicas educacionais. A indefinição do Regime de Colaboração é tratada sob a temática da construção e da ampliação do espaço público de direitos, como uma interface da política educacional em sua relação indissociável com a vida política. A problematização está situada em um campo de tensão delineado a partir do estado do conhecimento. Qual é o significado do Regime de Colaboração para a proposição da gestão democrática das políticas educacionais? Como se relaciona com os conteúdos da gestão democrática pensados a partir da relação Estado/sociedade? Argumenta-se em favor da tese segundo a qual um dos fatos institucionais inovadores gerados no processo de democratização da sociedade brasileira é a atuação que visa construir e ampliar os espaços de proposição e de gestão das políticas públicas. A metodologia está apoiada em uma etnografia interpretativista, baseada nas idéias de Geertz, Ricoeur, Lakoff e converge para a tradição habermasiana sobre as configurações do espaço público, interpretada no esforço de Habermas para ampliar a idéia de racionalidade, ao investir na construção de uma teoria discursiva da política e do direito. A investigação etnográfica auxilia a construção da referência empírica com o foco sobre a atuação do Prof. Dr. Neroaldo Pontes de Azevedo, como o interlocutor central. Sua passagem na gestão da UFPB e na gestão da Educação Municipal de João Pessoa (1996/1997-2001) possibilitou o protagonismo em uma interlocução nacional, por meio do exercício da presidência da Undime durante a reforma da educação. Os resultados da investigação apontam o Regime de Colaboração como um mecanismo de regulação recíproca do desempenho das competências comuns e concorrentes entre as esferas de governo, sustentado pela interlocução institucional. O silêncio sobre o Regime de Colaboração remete a interlocução para o centro das atenções lembrando os conteúdos da gestão democrática, apesar da indefinição conceitual e empírica do dispositivo constitucional visado.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KeityMFS.pdf: 1141287 bytes, checksum: 00c052907580c678aaf9fa34f505b0fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-08-18 / This legal research aims to demonstrate the prohibition in the Brazilian criminal system of a multiple imputation for the same fact in a simultaneous or successive way. For that it is developed a different idea of the subject. Through comparative, eletronic and bibliographical researches, the dissertation was accomplished in a way to establish the content of the foundations of the criminal procedural emphasizing as fundamental premise the values of the Constitution. In the first section it was demonstrated the limits of the theme and the objective of the research. After that, it was analyzed the basic function of the criminal suit which has the important mission of limiting state's punitive power. In the same way, the criminal procedure corresponds to a warranty of the citizens' freedom. In the same section, it is shown how it is possible to abandon the myth of the real truth in the criminal law system. In the third section of the research, there were pointed elements and definitions about the cognition object, specially the litigious object or "thema decidendum", and also the peculiarities of the judged cases. In the fourth section the subject about origins and evolution of the criminal procedure and its objectives in the legal system is developed to demonstrate its perspectives. Some aspects of the identity's concept of the presupposition of the facts are as well demonstrated in order to relate the theme to the prohibition of multiple imputation. There are also considerations about some other important aspects as the incidence of the legal rules and the possible change on the elements of the penal type. There are several comments about legal procedural in other legal systems comparing them to Brazilian's most elevated Courts. In the end it was systematized the limits to criminal imputation, emphasizing the defende's right as a foundation of the legal system. Is was registered that the ius persequendi can be exercised once / A presente disserta??o tem por objeto o estudo da proibi??o da m?ltipla persecu??o penal, pelo mesmo fato, seja de forma simult?nea ou sucessiva. Para tanto, atrav?s do m?todo dial?tico, foram realizadas pesquisas com o objetivo de estabelecer o conte?do do princ?pio ne bis in idem, em sua vertente processual penal, sempre tendo como premissa fundamental os valores albergados nos princ?pios e regras constitucionais. Assentados, no in?cio da primeira se??o do trabalho, a delimita??o do tema e o objetivo da pesquisa, analisou-se, em seguida, a fun??o basilar do processo penal, o qual, numa vis?o garantista, tem a relevante miss?o de limitar frear - a f?ria do poder punitivo estatal, correspondendo a um efetivo instrumento de garantia da liberdade dos cidad?os, quando subjugados ao ius persequendi. Nessa mesma se??o, restaram destacadas a consagra??o do modelo acusat?rio de processo pela Constitui??o Brasileira de 1988 e a necessidade de abandonar o mito da verdade real, como princ?pio informador do processo penal constitucional. Na segunda se??o da pesquisa, foram apontados os elementos definidores do objeto de cogni??o, especialmente do objeto litigioso ou thema decidendum, havendo, tamb?m, sido abordadas as peculiaridades do instituto da coisa julgada no processo penal. Dando continuidade ? pesquisa, na terceira se??o, discorreu-se sobre a origem e evolu??o do princ?pio ne bis in idem, centrando-se no tema da pesquisa, qual seja, sua manifesta??o no processo penal e a interpreta??o que se deve atribuir aos termos que comp?em sua express?o: rela??o processual com unidade de sujeito e de fato, atrav?s de senten?a definitiva. Deu-se ?nfase, sobretudo, aos aspectos controvertidos do conceito de identidade do fato como pressuposto da proibi??o de m?ltipla persecu??o, abordando-se, dentre outros aspectos, a incid?ncia de concurso aparente de normas e a altera??o dos elementos do tipo penal. Constam, ainda, dessa se??o, lineamentos gerais acerca da aplica??o do princ?pio ne bis in idem processual no direito comparado e nas cortes brasileiras. Por ?ltimo, sistematizou-se o sentido e alcance do princ?pio ne bis in idem, como limite ? persecu??o penal, al?m de terem sido apresentadas sugest?es, inclusive, de lege ferenda, a fim de que seja efetivamente garantido o direito fundamental assegurado ? defesa, no sentido de que, pelo mesmo substrato f?tico, o ius persequendi somente poder? ser exercido uma vez

La relation entre le capital et le pouvoir dans la société anonyme libanaise est régie par le principe de proportionnalité qui veut que chaque actionnaire puisse exercer un pouvoir dans la société proportionnel à sa participation au capital. Ce principe est expressément consacré par la loi, et résulte de cette relation entre l’action et le droit de vote. Sa préservation est aussi assurée par des dispositions législatives. A travers cette construction, le législateur fait de la société anonyme le fief d’une démocratie actionnariale. Cette règle de principe n’est, toutefois, pas absolue. Elle connaît des limites. Cependant, ces limites n’entraînent pas une remise en cause de ce lien de proportionnalité, d’autant plus qu’elles sont justifiées. Or, l’apparence est parfois trompeuse. La société anonyme est bien loin de constituer une véritable démocratie, et le législateur qui a adopté ce principe n’a pas réussi à le préserver complètement. En effet, à examiner de plus près les dispositions du droit libanais, l’on se rend compte de l’ampleur des atteintes dues, pour l’essentiel, à de nombreuses lacunes de la loi, qui ôtent aux actionnaires leur pouvoir, ou font obstacle à son exercice, entraînant le déséquilibre de ce lien, voire sa rupture totale. Aujourd’hui, le rétablissement de la relation entre le capital et le pouvoir devient une exigence pour le développement des sociétés anonymes. Ceci ne peut se réaliser qu’à travers la participation des actionnaires à la vie sociale. Cette participation devra être adaptée à la taille de la société, pour redonner au pouvoir actionnarial toute son efficacité. Le droit libanais offre, en principe, les moyens nécessaires pour opérer le rétablissement. / The relation between the social capital and the power in the lebanese joint stock company is governed by the principle of proportionality that means each shareholder can have a power that is proportional to his participation in the capital. This principal is expressly dedicated from the law, and results from the relation between the share and the voting right. Its preservation is also ensured by the laws. Through this structure, the legislator has made the corporation the stronghold of the shareholder’s democracy. But, this rule is not absolute, it has limits. However, such limits do not lead to a questioning of the link of proportionality, especially that they are justified. Though, the appearance can be misleading. The corporation is far from being a true democracy, and the legislator, who has adopted this principle, has failed to preserve it. Indeed, a closer look at the provisions of the lebanese law, shows the extent of damage that is mainly due to the numerous gaps in the law, and that deprive the shareholders from their power, or impede its exercise, causing an imbalance in this relationship or even its complete break. Today, restoring the relation between the capital and the power has become a requirement for the development of the corporations. This can only be achieved though the participation of shareholder. Such participation should be tailored to the size of the company so to restore the full effect of the shareholder’s power. The Lebanese law offers, in principle, the means to restore such relation.