The TRACAB Image Tracking System is used by ChyronHego for the tracking of ball and players on football fields. It requires the calibration of the cameras around the arena which is disrupted by fences and other mesh structures that are positioned between the camera and the field as a safety measure for the public. The purpose of this work was the implementation of a cycle consistent Generative Adversarial Network (cycle-GAN) for removing the fence from the image using unpaired data. Cycle-GANs are part of the state-of-the-art of image-to-image translation and can solve this kind of problem without the need of paired images. This makes it an exciting and powerful method and, according to the latest investigations in the current work, it has never been used for this kind of application before. The model was able to strongly attenuate, and in some cases completely remove, the net structure from images. To quantify the impact of the net removal a homography matching was performed. Then, it was compared with the homography associated to the baseline of blurring the image with a gaussian filter and the original image without the use of any filter. The results showed that the identification of key-points was harder on synthetic images than on the original image with or without small Gaussian filters, but it showed a better performance against images blurred with filters with a standard deviation of 3 pixels or more. Despite the performance not being better than the baseline in all the cases it always added new key-points, and sometimes, it was able to find correct homographies where the baseline could not. Therefore, the cycle-GAN model proved to complement the baseline. / TRACAB Image Tracking System används av ChyronHego för spårning av bollen och spelaren påfotbollsplaner. Detta kräver kalibrering av kamerorna runt arenan som störs av staket och andra nätstrukturer som är placerade mellan kameran och fältet som en säkerhetsåtgärd för publiken. Detta examensabrete fokuserar påimplementeringen av en cycle-GAN för borttagning av nätet från bilden med hjälp av oparade data. Cycle-GAN är en bild-till-bild-översättning state-of-the-art teknik och det kan lösa denna typ av problem utan parade bilder. Detta gör det till en spännande och kraftfull metod och enligt den senaste forskningen har det aldrig använts för denna typ av tillämpning förut. Modellen kunde kraftigt dämpa och i vissa fall helt ta bort nätstrukturen från bilder. För att kvantifiera effekterna av avlägsnandet av nätet utfördes en homografimatchning. Därefter jämfördes det med homografin associerad med baslinjen där bilden görs suddig med ett gaussiskt filter och originalbilden utan användning av något filter. Resultaten visade att identifieringen av nyckelpunkter var svårare påsyntetiska bilder än påoriginalbilder med eller utan småGauss-filter, men det visade bättre prestanda än bilder som var suddigt med filter med en standardavvikelse på 3 pixlar eller mer. Trots att prestandan inte var bättre än baslinjen i alla fall lade versionen utan nätet alltid till nya nyckelpunkter, och ibland kunde den hitta korrekta homografier där baslinjen misslyckades. Därför, cycle-GAN-modellen kompletterar baslinjen.

This thesis is about the organisation, character and change of labour relations in expanding capitalist wool farming in the Cape between 1860 and 1950. It is an attempt to analyse labour in wool farming within a transnational framework, based on an expansion of capital from core to periphery of the capitalist world-economy. Wool farming in peripheries like the Cape was part of capitalist production through the link to primarily the British textile industry. This relationship enabled wool farmers to invest in their farms in sheep, fences and windmills. They thereby became agents of capital expansion in the world-economy, which was a prerequisite for a capitalist expansion. Although wool production in the Cape was initially an imperial division of labour, that relation changed during the twentieth century as Britain’s leading role as textile producer was challenged by other capitalist core countries. Capitalism as a transnational production system, based on commodity chains from periphery to core, became the most crucial structure for wool farmers in the Cape, who could increase their exports. The thesis also shows that the pre-capitalist generational division of labour among black peasants, through which farmers acquired labour, especially shepherds, was both discarded and intensified. Shepherding was intensified along with fencing during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century due to threat from jackals and lack of sufficient water supplies. Those farmers who invested in technology in the form of jackal-proof fences and windmills managed to change production from herding to rotational grazing in camps, which meant that shepherds were replaced by camp walkers, who controlled fences instead of sheep. Those farmers who did not invest were forced to exploit the pre-capitalist relations more intensively and hire shepherds in order to be able to produce and sell wool to textile manufacturers in capitalist core areas. As the young adult males disappeared from farms to the mines, the role of children and youths as shepherds became increasingly important. By the 1940s almost all the shepherds were children or youths, but they were about to be made redundant, as the number of shepherds decreased during the 1930s and 1940s.

The current South African tax system offers livestock farmers a variety of forms of relief. There are also certain aspects that do not make it so advantageous to be regarded as a farmer by the tax collector. A large number of farmers emigrate to other countries without knowing how the tax systems of those countries function or how much tax they will have to pay. With these factors in mind the question arises concerning how other countries tax their livestock farmers and what relief is provided to them. The objective of this research is to examine and compare the theoretical tax legislation of South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, where after it will be applied in a case study. Finally conclusions and recommendations will be made based on the results of the research. It was found that, although the relief provided to South African livestock farmers regarding some aspects exceeds the relief provided in Australia and New Zealand, there are certain aspects that could be adjusted in order to make it more advantageous for livestock farmers to stay in South Africa. These proposed adjustments can indirectly stimulate the national economy. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tax))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The current South African tax system offers livestock farmers a variety of forms of relief. There are also certain aspects that do not make it so advantageous to be regarded as a farmer by the tax collector. A large number of farmers emigrate to other countries without knowing how the tax systems of those countries function or how much tax they will have to pay. With these factors in mind the question arises concerning how other countries tax their livestock farmers and what relief is provided to them. The objective of this research is to examine and compare the theoretical tax legislation of South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, where after it will be applied in a case study. Finally conclusions and recommendations will be made based on the results of the research. It was found that, although the relief provided to South African livestock farmers regarding some aspects exceeds the relief provided in Australia and New Zealand, there are certain aspects that could be adjusted in order to make it more advantageous for livestock farmers to stay in South Africa. These proposed adjustments can indirectly stimulate the national economy. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tax))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Pourquoi et comment se battait-on à la fin du Moyen Âge et durant le XVIe siècle ? Avec quelles armes ? Et en suivant quelles règles ou quels principes ?L’objectif de ce travail est de répondre à ces questions en s’interrogeant sur les utilisations théoriques et pratiques de l’armement présent dans les sociétés européennes du Moyen Âge tardif et de la Renaissance. Trois axes principaux seront à l’étude :– tout d’abord, celui de la réalité du terrain à travers l’étude des sources judiciaires, en particulier les lettres de rémission qui attestent de la présence et de l’utilisation d’une arme pouvant conduire à la blessure ou à la mort d’un individu.– ensuite, celui de la théorie des armes à travers l’étude des Fechtbücher, les livres de combat germaniques écrits par les maîtres d’armes du XVe et XVIe siècle. Ces derniers expliquent le maniement des différentes armes tel que celui des épées, des armes d’hast ou de la dague, ainsi que les fondements de l’art de la lutte et de l’escrime à pied et à cheval.– enfin, celui de la pratique contemporaine, c’est-à-dire l’expérimentation gestuelle et la tentative de restitution des techniques et des tactiques anciennes via des méthodes d’enseignement dans un cadre normé. Ceci afin de mieux comprendre les gestes martiaux ludiques du passé.Outre l’apport de la sociologie, ce corpus est complété par l’étude des documents littéraires ou normatifs, illustrant la présence d’armes dans les milieux non militarisés comme ceux des sociétés d’escrimeurs ou des manifestations martiales et sportives. / Why and how we use to fight in the late Middle Ages and during the sixteenth century? With what weapons? Following what rules or principles?The objective of this work is to answer these questions by questioning the theoretical and practical uses of weapons. The ones present in European society in the late Middle Ages and during the Renaissance. Three approaches will be explored :– First, the situation on the ground through the study of legal sources, particularly the remission letters in which the presence and use of a weapon can lead to injury or death of an individual.– Secondly, the theory of weapons through the study of Fechtbücher, Germanic fightbooks written by masters at arms of the fifteenth and sixteenth century. They explain the handling of various weapons such as swords, polearms or daggers. Also the foundations of the art of wrestling and fencing on foot and on horseback.– Finally, the contemporary practice. That is to say, the gesture experimentation and the attempted to return old techniques and tactics through teaching methods in a regulatory framework. The goal is to better understand the playful martial gestures of the past.Besides the contribution of sociology, this corpus is completed by literary or normative documents, showing weapons in non-militarized environments such as corporate fencers or martial and sporting events.

Historical fencing represents an interesting leisure time activity that thousands of people in the Czech Republic devote, most of them joining historical fencing groups. There is a relatively strong hierarchy within a number of groups. The main goal of the thesis is to reveal mechanisms, by which the hierachies in the particular group are generated, maintained, how these hierarchies affect the behaviour of individuals and how an individual can move up and down in the group's hierarchy. The secondary goal of the thesis is to focus on the role of gender in relation to group hierarchies and how is gender done in a group. To get the data qualitative research methods of participant observation and semi-structured interviews are used. The thesis is supplemented by a photo documentation. Theoretical framework used in the research is mainly Bourdieu's capitals and the subculture capital. In addition the concept of authenticity became important during the research. Based on the data the most important capitals are objecitified and embodied subcultural capital, physical capital and social capital. For subcultural studies is very typical the engagement in the subculture, in this case subcultural engagement proved to be important mainly for the non-fighting members of the group. Within the group gender has not...

Syfte Syftet med detta arbete var att ur före detta tävlings-fäktares perspektiv undersöka orsakerna bakom de omfattande avhopp som sker i övergången mellan ungdoms- och seniorklass i svensk fäktning, samt vad föreningar och förbund kunnat göra för att motverka dessa avhopp. Studien syftar även till att undersöka vilka åtgärder föreningar och förbund kan göra för att främja återupptagandet av tävlande enligt före detta tävlings-fäktare. Vilka orsaker ser före detta värj-fäktande ungdomar till varför de slutade tävla? Vilka åtgärder kunde föreningar och förbund vidtagit enligt före detta värjfäktare för att förhindra deras avhopp ifrån tävlande som ungdomar? Vilka åtgärder kan enligt före detta värjfäktare föreningar och förbund vidta för att främja återupptagande av tävlande? Metod Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är motivationsteorin self-determination theory (SDT) och är genomförd med en kvalitativ ansats. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med före detta fäktare. Intervjuerna har analyserats med tematisk innehållsanalys. Resultat Respondenterna upplevde ett kompetensbekräftande genom tävlandet samt en stark känsla av tillhörighet och när dessa faktorer försvann eller minskade i omfattning ledde det till avhopp. Vidare framkom att avhoppen hade kunnat förhindrats. Därutöver framkom att fäktarna kan ställa sig positiva till att återuppta tävlandet som motionärer ifall det skulle finnas en attraktiv breddverksamhet vad gäller både tävlingar och träningar. I ett återupptagande av tävlandet hade det sociala sammanhanget varit högt prioriterat men också möjligheten att få mäta sig mot fäktare på liknande nivå som de själva i anpassade tävlingsformer. Slutsats Det fanns ett starkt samband mellan avhoppen och att de psykologiska behoven upphörde att uppfyllas av deltagande i sporten. Svensk fäktning kunde under ungdomsåren starkt uppfylla behoven kopplade till att känna samhörighet och kompetens och även i viss mån autonomi men misslyckades med att tillgodogöra de grundläggande psykologiska behoven när fäktarna blev äldre. Vidare visar detta vikten av att föreningar och förbund arbetar aktivt med att tillgodose de grundläggande psykologiska behoven för motivation ifall avhoppen ska minskas och för att främja till återupptagandet av tävlande. / Aim The aim of this study was to investigate, from the perspective of former competitive fencers, the reasons behind the high level of drop outs that occur in the transition between youth and senior levels in Sweden, as well as what clubs and federations could have done to counteract these drop outs. The study also aimed to investigate what measures clubs and federations can take to promote the resumption of competing according to former competitive fencers. - What reasons do former épée fencing youths give as why they stopped competing? - According to former épée fencers, what measures could clubs and federations have taken to prevent youth drop out? - According to former épée fencers, what measures can clubs and federations take to promote the resumption of competing? Method The study's theoretical framework was the self-determination theory (SDT) and the research body was qualitative. Six semi-structured interviews have been conducted with former fencers. The interviews have been analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results The results showed that the former fencers had experienced a confirmation of competence through competitions, as well as a strong sense of belonging to their teammates and friends in the sport. When these factors disappeared or decreased, it led to drop outs. It also emerged that these drop outs could have been prevented. In addition, it emerged that the fencers are positive about resuming competition recreationally if there is an wide range of activities in terms of both competitions and training targeted at recreational fencers. For the resumption of competing, social context has been identified as a high priority. Another high priority is the opportunity to compete against fencers of a similar level to themselves in adapted forms of competition. Conclusions There was a strong correlation between the drop out of youth fencers and their psychological needs not being fulfilled in the sport. During childhood of the respondents, participation in fencing strongly fulfilled the need for a sense of belonging and feeling of competence, and to a certain extent autonomy. Fencing in Sweden however failed to provide this as the fencers got older. Furthermore, if drop outs are to be reduced and the competing is to be resumed, the study demonstrates the importance of clubs and confederations working actively to meet the psychological needs of the athletes.

This essay delves into the intricate dynamics of Berzelii Park, focusing on the interaction between the mesh fence constructed in 2016 and the Raoul Wallenberg monuments. It examines the fence as a nationalist monument, revealing its transformative impact on the communal space and highlighting its role in shaping memories, identity, and ideological conflicts within the urban landscape. Through qualitative text analysis and theoretical frameworks on monumentality, phenomenology, and bordering, the study navigates layers of exclusion, memory, and identity formation within the park. The collision between nationalist symbolism and the narratives of memory becomes a focal point for nuanced discussions about memory and identity formation. The conclusions of the research questions reveal how the fence transcends its functional simplicity and becomes a symbol of nationalist ideology and exclusionary practices. It interprets the mesh fence in Berzelii Park as a nationalist monument by examining its impact on the park's communal space and the narratives it depicts. Furthermore, the study explores the significance of the fence in relation to the Raoul Wallenberg monuments, complicating the dynamics between these elements in the park's location. The essay provides insight into the complexity of urban spaces and the continual redefinitions of collective identities and memories. / Denna uppsats fördjupar sig i den besvärande dynamiken i Berzelii Park, med fokus på samverkan mellan nätstängslet som restes 2016 och Raoul Wallenberg-monumenten. Den studerar stängslet som ett nationalistiskt monument, avslöjar dess transformativa inverkan på det gemensamma rummet och belyser dess roll i att forma minnen, identitet och ideologiska stridigheter i stadslandskapet. Genom kvalitativ textanalys och teoretiska fackverk rörande monumentalitet, fenomenologi, och gränsdragning navigerar studien i lager av utanförskap, minne och identitetsbildning inom parkens gränser. Kollitionen mellan nationalistisk symbolism och minnets narrativ blir en samlingspunkt för nyanserade diskussioner om minnes- och identitetsskapande. Forskningsfrågornas slutsatser avslöjar hur stängslet överskrider sin funktionella enkelhet och blir en symbol för nationalistisk ideologi och exkluderande metoder. Den tolkar nätstängslet i Berzelii Park som ett nationalistiskt monument genom att undersöka dess inverkan på parkens gemensamma utrymme och de berättelser som stängslet skildrar. Vidare utforskar studien stängslets betydelse i förhållande till Raoul Wallenberg-monumenten, vilket komplicerar dynamiken mellan dessa element på platsen i parken. Uppsatsen ger inblick i stadsrummets komplexitet och ständiga omdefinieringar av kollektiva identiteter och minnen.

Die Chemnitzer Linux-Tage fanden am 13. und 14. März 2010 auf dem Campus der Technischen Universität Chemnitz statt. Neben den Präsentationen im Foyer zogen vor allem die Vorträge über 2500 Besucher zur 12. Auflage der Veranstaltung. Der Band vereint den Inhalt von 15 Hauptvorträgen und die Abstrakts von 76 weiteren Beiträgen und stellt damit einen Überblick über das weit gefächerte Programm der Veranstaltung dar. / The Chemnitz Linux Days took place at the campus of the Chemnitz University of Technology. Besides the presentations at the foyer the lectures were first of all attractive for more than 2.500 visitors. This volume contains the content of 15 main lectures and abstracts of 76 further talks and hence gives a survey of the broadly based program of this event.

The theme of this work is the building design, brand new mountain hotel with wellness services in Spindleruv Mlyn. The plot is located in a quiet part of town, near a wooded area and form a river Labe.V designed hotel is located three floors above ground level of the building is solved attic space. Roofed by a wooden roof false hip roof. Ground unsophisticated form a geometric shape, which layout is divided into sections. On the ground floor wellness facilities, a portion of the input dopňkovými with hotel services, floor is done mainly for accommodation, as well as the attic. Hotel is equipped with a slightly sloping plot in the construction of houses and other hotels. All living spaces are naturally ventilated and illuminated. The supporting structure consists Liapor system. The appearance of the hotel is in line with the surroundings.