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An operational concept for the transformation of SOF into a fifth service / Operational concept for the transformation of Special Operation Forces into a fifth serviceRiga, Christopher N., Mahla, Philip L. 06 1900 (has links)
Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis defines the strategic utility of Special Operation Forces (SOF), identifies why SOF only provide limited strategic utility, and presents an operational concept for the reorganization, alignment, and employment of SOF to overcome these shortf alls. The thesis is presented in a deductive manner that argues that SOF were designed for strategic purposes, and leads the reader to conclude that reformation must occur for SOF to provide strategic utility and meet their intent. SOF would be in an optimal position to meet their organizational intent by becoming a fifth armed service within the Department of Defense (DoD). Through the creation of mission-based units and a holistic employment strategy, SOF would become a strategic instrument capability of assisting national decision -makers in blending the elements of national power. Finally, the thesis concludes with additional required areas for research to make this concept become a reality, but that are beyond the scope of this study. / Major, United States Army
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[en] THE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND THE MASTERS AND DOCTORS DEGREE: AN OBSERVATION ON THE POST-GRADUATES PRODUCTION / [pt] A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E A PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO: UM OLHAR SOBRE A PRODUÇÃO DISCENTELUCIANA E SA ALVES 02 March 2007 (has links)
[pt] A produção acadêmica e científica sobre a Educação
Ambiental (EA) no Brasil é
grande e significativa. O objetivo deste estudo é
realizar
uma análise preliminar da
produção acadêmica em EA, a partir de uma visão teórica
crítica. A EA é
qualificada, por alguns autores aqui estudados, como um
campo teórico em
construção, o que aponta para a importância da
realização
de balanços periódicos
desse conhecimento que podem proporcionar o avanço para
a
compreensão do
campo de estudo e ampliação do acesso à informação. Esta
Dissertação é um
estudo exploratório, com inspiração metodológica em
pesquisas do tipo estado da
arte que, além da revisão da literatura pertinente ao
seu
objeto de estudo, tomou
por base três fontes de dados: o Banco de Teses da
CAPES,
entre 1988 e 2004, o
V Congresso Ibero-Americano de Educação Ambiental, de
2006, e 12
Dissertações do Município do Rio de Janeiro, defendidas
entre os anos 2000 e
2004. Cada uma destas fontes mereceu tratamento diverso.
O
Banco de Teses foi
apenas apresentado em sua expressão numérica, agrupadas
as
teses sob diversas
categorias: autoria, título, orientador, nível do curso,
origem instituc ional, época e
área do Curso de que se originou. Criou-se para os
trabalhos do Congresso, um
outro banco de dados com informações, além da sua
origem,
relacionadas às áreas
de atuação da EA, e à metodologia do estudo apresentado.
Finalmente, as 12
Dissertações cariocas analisadas o foram em suas
relações
com a produção do
país, e descritas em seus elementos pré-textuais,
textuais
e pós-textuais. Destaque
especial foi feito em relação aos seus objetivos, à
metodologia usada, à
bibliografia consultada, ao seu quadro teórico e aos
resultados alcançados.
Concluiu-se, na presente Dissertação, que, o olhar
panorâmico, gerador de dois
novos bancos de dados, e o olhar focalizado, que
possibilitou melhor compreensão
do quadro conceitual em EA de pesquisas realizadas,
contribuíram para confirmar
as diversas correntes de pensamento presentes no campo
da
EA, complementando
os estudos anteriores, e trazendo novas possibilidades
de
reflexão. / [en] The academic and scientific production about Environmental
Education (EE) in
Brazil is large and significant. The aim of this study is
to accomplish an
introductory analyze of the academic production about EE,
concerning a
theoretical and critical view. The EE is qualified as a
theoretical field in progress
by some authors below-mentioned and this is a sign of the
importance of a
periodic knowledge evaluation to provide both the advance
of understanding in
this field of study and to amplify the access to
information. This Dissertation is an
exploratory study, with a methodological inspiration from
researches called art
state. Besides revising the pertinent literature to its
object of study, it is based on
three fountains: the CAPES data basis during 1988/2004,
the Fifth EE Iberian-
American Congress, in 2006 and twelve theses from Rio de
Janeiro City, between
2000 and 2004. Each of these fountains deserved a special
approach. The CAPES
data bank was shown in numbers, the theses were classified
according to different
categories: author, title, instructor, level of the
course, institutional origin, period
of time and area of the course they had come from. To the
Congress Works,
another data bank was created informing not only their
origin but the areas where
the EE had acted and the employed methodology too. At
last, the twelve
Dissertations from Rio de Janeiro were analyzed in
relation to the production all
over the country. They were described including the pre-
textual elements, the
textual ones and the post-textual ones. A special
attention was given to their
objectives , the methodology they followed, the
bibliography, the theoretical
views and the results they reached. In this Dissertation,
we came to an evidence:
the panoramic observation created two new data banks and
the focused
observation brought a better comprehension of the EE
concepts. Both of them
gave a contribution to confirm the various streams of
thoughts found in the field
of the EE, complemented the previous studies and brought
new possibilities of
reflection.
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Desafios ao educador na transição do quinto para o sexto ano nas escolas públicas do Estado de São Paulo: uma proposta de formaçãoBorges, Renata Sales de Moraes 10 November 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-10 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This study discusses the transition of students from the fifth to the sixth grade of elementary school, considering the expectations in relation to this reality, to demonstrate to teachers who work with these groups the need to adopt a professional stance based on a differentiated formation, since this transition can still be characterized by its ruptures and discontinuities in the pedagogical work. In this sense, the research aims to: build a proposal for continuing education, to be developed along the teachers of elementary school II, reflecting on the passage of pupils from the fifth to the sixth grade. And specific objectives: Enumerating the difficulties teachers experience in relationship with the students of the sixth grade; Identify the characteristics of the students, which are desirable for teachers from early years of elementary school II; Reflect on the processes of change necessary for the reconstruction of teacher-student relationships. The investigation was developed in the form of bibliographic and documentary research, and supported in consultation with professors in the sixth year of a school in the State schools, by the application of a questionnaire, to the construction of the proposed continuing education. The research has revealed, throughout the process, that there are several factors that, directly or indirectly, influence the transition from the fifth to the sixth grade, both for students and for teachers who receive them. One aspect, however, stood out among the others: the student is alone in this passage, because it is not understood as a new space in the process of schooling. The children, most of the time, feel and suffer in silence, or defend themselves inappropriately because it is a transition invisible and unknown by their teachers / Este estudo aborda a transição dos alunos do quinto para o sexto ano do ensino fundamental, considerando as expectativas em relação a esta realidade escolar, para demonstrar aos professores que atuam com esses grupos a necessidade de adotar uma postura profissional apoiada em uma formação diferenciada, pois esta transição ainda pode ser caracterizada por suas rupturas e descontinuidades no trabalho pedagógico. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tem por objetivo geral: construir uma proposta de formação continuada, a ser desenvolvida junto a professores do ensino fundamental II, refletindo sobre a passagem dos alunos do quinto para o sexto ano. E por objetivos específicos: Enumerar as dificuldades que os professores vivenciam na relação com os alunos do sexto ano; Identificar as características dos alunos, que são desejáveis para os professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental II; Refletir sobre os processos de mudança necessários à reconstrução da relação professor-aluno. A investigação foi desenvolvida na forma de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, e apoiou-se na consulta aos professores do sexto ano de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino, pela aplicação de um questionário, para a construção da proposta de formação continuada. A pesquisa permitiu revelar, ao longo do processo, que vários são os fatores que, diretamente ou indiretamente, influenciam essa transição do quinto para o sexto ano, tanto para os alunos como para os professores que os recebem. Um aspecto, porém se destacou entre os demais: o aluno está sozinho nessa passagem, porque ela não é entendida como um novo espaço no processo de escolarização. As crianças, na maioria das vezes, sentem e sofrem em silêncio, ou se defendem de forma inadequada, porque se trata de uma transição invisível e desconhecida por seus professores
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Groupes approximatifs en théorie des modèles / Approximate subgroups in Model theoryMassicot, Jean-Cyrille 28 September 2018 (has links)
Une partie symétrique X d'un groupe G est un sous-groupe K-approximatif s'il existe une partie finie E ⊂ G de taille K telle que X2 ⊂ E.X. L'étude combinatoire des groupes approximatifs a grandement bénéficié des apports de la Théorie des Modèles : en 2009, Hrushovski montre qu'une ultralimite de groupes approximatifs finis possède une composante connexe modèle-théorique, donc un quotient localement compact X/H. En appliquant les résultats de Gleason et Yamabe sur le cinquième problème de Hilbert, cela permet de trouver un morphisme vers un groupe de Lie, et d'en déduire des résultats de nilpotence. Cela a permis à Breuillard, Green et Tao de classifier tous les groupes approximatifs finis, en retrouvant un quotient X/H de manière combinatoire. Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à la construction d'un sous-groupe H type-définissable et d'indice borné, qui garantit l'existence d'un quotient localement compact. On montre que l'approche combinatoire de Breuillard, Green et Tao peut être vue de cette manière, et on la généralise à tous les groupes approximatifs définissablement moyennables. On montre aussi que si H est type-définissable dans un langage L∗, alors on peut construire un sous-groupe H qui est type-définissable sur un langage réduit L, et toujours d'indice borné. L'existence de H ne dépend donc pas du choix du langage / A symmetric subset X in a group G is a K-approximate subgroup if there exists a finite set E ⊂ G of cardinality K such that X2 ⊂ E.X. The study of approximate subgroups in multiplicative combinatorics experienced a significate advance through the use of model theory. In 2009, Hrushovski showed that an ultralimit of finite approximate subgroups has a model-theoretic connected component, thus a locally compact quotient X/H. Using the results of Gleason and Yamabe about Hilbert’s fifth problem, this allows the construction of a morphism to a Lie group, and deduce some results about nilpotency. This lead to the theorem of Breuillard, Green and Tao classifying all finite approximate subgroups, using a combinatorial construction of the quotient X/H. In this thesis, we are intersested in the conditions needed to construct a type definable subgroup H of bounded index in X. This implies the existence of a locally compact quotient.We show that the combinatorial construction of Breuillard, Green and Tao can be seen in a definable way, and give a generalisation to all definably amenable approximate subgroups. Also, we show that if H is type-definable in a language L∗, then it is possible to construct a subgroup H which is type-definable in a reduct L, still with bounded index. Thus the existence of a subgroup H does not depend on the choice of a base language.
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Optical and Material Properties of Colloidal Semiconductor NanocrystalsHuxter, Vanessa 01 March 2010 (has links)
This thesis presents an exploration of the photophysics of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals using both linear and non-linear optical measurement techniques. These optical methodologies are used to follow population dynamics in both singly and multiply excited nanocrystal systems as well as determine material properties of the ensemble. Topics covered in the thesis include, the identification and characterization of bulk-like nanocrystals, study of the fine structure states of the lowest energy exciton, single and multiexciton population dynamics, acoustic phonon modes, elasticity and surface stress properties of a colloidal ensemble in solution.Through linear spectroscopy, the properties of both quantum confined and bulk-like colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are compared. The identification of a model system of bulk-like nanocrystals with a non-standard absorption profile serves to resolve an ambiguity in literature concerning their characterization. The remainder of the thesis is focused on the size-dependent properties of quantum confined CdSe colloidal nanocrystals. The population dynamics and material properties of these systems are studied using a nonlinear optical technique called transient grating. A third order transient grating measurement with a cross-polarized configuration, which follows the relaxation within the fine structure levels of the lowest energy exciton state, is demonstrated and used to compare systems with different crystal field splittings. Transient grating experiments performed with specific polarization sequences allow for selective observation of the dynamics amongst nearly degenerate levels at room temperature. Cross-polarized transient grating is also used to observe a quantized acoustic phonon mode in a series of nanocrystal samples. The observation of this mode allows experimental determination of the elasticity and surface stress of the nanocrystal ensemble in solution. The anisotropic origin of the acoustic phonon is discussed using a combination of theoretical analysis, modelling and experimental data. In addition, third- and fifth-order transient grating experiments are used to study exciton and multiexciton population relaxation dynamics. The work presented here spans the optical and material properties of quantum confined and `bulk' nanocrystals. This thesis attempts to illustrate the broad scope of the observed behaviour of colloidal nanocrystal systems and to contribute to a greater understanding of their physical properties.
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Optical and Material Properties of Colloidal Semiconductor NanocrystalsHuxter, Vanessa 01 March 2010 (has links)
This thesis presents an exploration of the photophysics of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals using both linear and non-linear optical measurement techniques. These optical methodologies are used to follow population dynamics in both singly and multiply excited nanocrystal systems as well as determine material properties of the ensemble. Topics covered in the thesis include, the identification and characterization of bulk-like nanocrystals, study of the fine structure states of the lowest energy exciton, single and multiexciton population dynamics, acoustic phonon modes, elasticity and surface stress properties of a colloidal ensemble in solution.Through linear spectroscopy, the properties of both quantum confined and bulk-like colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are compared. The identification of a model system of bulk-like nanocrystals with a non-standard absorption profile serves to resolve an ambiguity in literature concerning their characterization. The remainder of the thesis is focused on the size-dependent properties of quantum confined CdSe colloidal nanocrystals. The population dynamics and material properties of these systems are studied using a nonlinear optical technique called transient grating. A third order transient grating measurement with a cross-polarized configuration, which follows the relaxation within the fine structure levels of the lowest energy exciton state, is demonstrated and used to compare systems with different crystal field splittings. Transient grating experiments performed with specific polarization sequences allow for selective observation of the dynamics amongst nearly degenerate levels at room temperature. Cross-polarized transient grating is also used to observe a quantized acoustic phonon mode in a series of nanocrystal samples. The observation of this mode allows experimental determination of the elasticity and surface stress of the nanocrystal ensemble in solution. The anisotropic origin of the acoustic phonon is discussed using a combination of theoretical analysis, modelling and experimental data. In addition, third- and fifth-order transient grating experiments are used to study exciton and multiexciton population relaxation dynamics. The work presented here spans the optical and material properties of quantum confined and `bulk' nanocrystals. This thesis attempts to illustrate the broad scope of the observed behaviour of colloidal nanocrystal systems and to contribute to a greater understanding of their physical properties.
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Energy efficient cloud computing based radio access networks in 5G : design and evaluation of an energy aware 5G cloud radio access networks framework using base station sleeping, cloud computing based workload consolidation and mobile edge computingSigwele, Tshiamo January 2017 (has links)
Fifth Generation (5G) cellular networks will experience a thousand-fold increase in data traffic with over 100 billion connected devices by 2020. In order to support this skyrocketing traffic demand, smaller base stations (BSs) are deployed to increase capacity. However, more BSs increase energy consumption which contributes to operational expenditure (OPEX) and CO2 emissions. Also, an introduction of a plethora of 5G applications running in the mobile devices cause a significant amount of energy consumption in the mobile devices. This thesis presents a novel framework for energy efficiency in 5G cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) by leveraging cloud computing technology. Energy efficiency is achieved in three ways; (i) at the radio side of H-C-RAN (Heterogeneous C-RAN), a dynamic BS switching off algorithm is proposed to minimise energy consumption while maintaining Quality of Service (QoS), (ii) in the BS cloud, baseband workload consolidation schemes are proposed based on simulated annealing and genetic algorithms to minimise energy consumption in the cloud, where also advanced fuzzy based admission control with pre-emption is implemented to improve QoS and resource utilisation (iii) at the mobile device side, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is used where computer intensive tasks from the mobile device are executed in the MEC server in the cloud. The simulation results show that the proposed framework effectively reduced energy consumption by up to 48% within RAN and 57% in the mobile devices, and improved network energy efficiency by a factor of 10, network throughput by a factor of 2.7 and resource utilisation by 54% while maintaining QoS.
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L’entourage institutionnel de Georges Pompidou (1962-1974) : institutions, hommes et pratiques / The institutionnal entourage of Georges Pompidou (1962-1974) : institutions, men, practicesTricaud, Sabrina 16 March 2011 (has links)
Cette recherche porte sur l’entourage institutionnel de Georges Pompidou, Premier ministre d’avril 1962 à juillet 1968, puis président de la République de juin 1969 à son décès le 2 avril 1974. Histoire politique de l’administration, elle étudie l’organisation, la structure, et le fonctionnement des deux institutions coutumières que sont le cabinet du Premier ministre et le Secrétariat général de la présidence de la République sous Georges Pompidou. Elle analyse les évolutions de ces organes sur le temps long et étudie les adaptations apportées par Georges Pompidou en terme de rupture et de continuité. Elle s’interroge notamment sur le poids des héritages gaulliens et sur le rôle de Georges Pompidou dans la stabilisation des institutions de la Ve République. Cette recherche retrace également l’histoire des hommes et des femmes qui ont travaillé à ses cabinets civils et militaires à Matignon puis au Secrétariat général de l’Élysée entre 1962 et 1974. À travers l’étude de leur formation, de leur profil, de leur carrière, elle précise les caractéristiques propres à cet entourage politique et enrichit les travaux sur le personnel politico-administratif au cours des années 1960-1970. Enfin, l’analyse des relations entre Georges Pompidou et son entourage, entre ses collaborateurs et d’autres entourages politiques, pose la délicate question de l’influence de conseillers du Premier ministre puis du chef de l’État sur lui-même, et sur le processus décisionnel. / This research is about the institutionnal entourage of Georges Pompidou during his mandates as a Primer Minister (April 1962-July 1968) and as a President of the French Republic (June 1969-April 2th 1974, when he prematurely died). It focuses on two institutions whose organisation, structure and internal functioning have been empirically shaped : the Prime Minister Cabinet and the Secretary-Generalship of the Presidency. It analyses their long-term evolution and the way Georges Pompidou modified them, from both points of view of rupture and continuity. It interrogates the impact of the gaullist legacy and Pompidou's personal influence regarding the global stabilisation of the Fifth Republic's institutions. This research also aims to depict the history of men and women that worked for Pompidou in its civilian and military cabinets, in Matignon and at the Elysee's Secretary-Generalship between 1962 and 1974. A thorough exploration of their professional background, their profile and career allows us to describe the specificities of this political entourage. Furthermore, it contributes to the understanding of the political and administrative high-level servants during the 1960's and the 1970's. Finally, by analysing the relations between Georges Pompidou and his staff, and between this staff and other political circles, we get onto the sensitive question of influence. This research then tries to assess the influence that the advisors may have exerted on their Prime Minister and President, and on the decision-making process.
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As chaves para o mundo do quinto imp?rio: as imagens de mundo na hist?ria do futuro do padre Antonio VieiraMacedo, Gil Eduardo de Albuquerque 05 May 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Iconic historical figure, Ant?nio Vieira (1608-1697) is regarded as an essential character to the Luso-Brazilian history. Between 1646 and 1667, the priest began writing the History of the Future, the first volume of the celebrated "Clavis Prophetarum , political and theological unity that would leverage the process of spread of Christianity across the globe, recognizing Portugal as forefront and center of all millenarian movement. Them, Jesuit represented the "World" in two metaphors: "theater" and "body" responsible for viewing spaces of abstract Christian truth. Starting from the hermeneutical assumptions of analysis, we investigated the historical relations present in the construction of such representations, by which establish the dialogue between politics, theology and seventeenth-century rhetoric. Therefore, the following study supports the hypothesis that beyond a mere stylistic expressions, spatial metaphors of "World" were formulated by Antonio Vieira as a resource that could sharpen the minds of his readers, engaging words into action, become alive and effective use of rhetoric / Emblem?tica figura hist?rica, Ant?nio Vieira (1608-1697) ? considerado um personagem indispens?vel para a hist?ria luso-brasileira. Entre os anos de 1646 e 1667, o padre iniciou a escrita da Hist?ria do Futuro, primeiro volume da c?lebre Clavis Prophetarum , obra que anunciava o surgimento do Quinto Imp?rio , unidade pol?tico-teol?gica que alavancaria o processo de difus?o do Cristianismo por todo o planeta, reconhecendo Portugal como vanguarda e centro de todo o movimento milenarista. Nelas, o jesu?ta representou o Mundo em duas met?foras: teatro e corpo , espa?os respons?veis pela visualiza??o da abstrata verdade crist?. Partindo dos pressupostos hermen?uticos de an?lise, investigamos as rela??es hist?ricas presentes na constru??o de tais representa??es, por meio das quais estabelecemos o di?logo entre a pol?tica, teologia e ret?rica seiscentista. Portanto, o seguinte estudo defende a hip?tese que para al?m de um mera manifesta??o estil?stica, a espacializa??o do Mundo em met?foras foi formulada por Ant?nio Vieira como recurso em que se pudesse agu?ar os ?nimos de seus leitores, empenhar palavras em a??es, tornar vivo e efetivo o uso de sua ret?rica
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As provas da imortalidade da alma no Livro I das Discussões Tusculanas de CíceroBorges, Lucas Nogueira 14 January 2016 (has links)
This dissertation aims at presenting and discussing the proofs for immortality of the soul in Book I of the Tusculan Disputations by Cicero, a philosophical work written in the form of a dialogue in which why man must not fear death is discussed. Before directly approaching the theme, in the proem to Book I, Cicero presents his conception about philosophy and about the requirement of producing philosophy in Latin. Concerning its subject, the dialogue of Book 1 can be divided into two great parts: the first one consisting of an argumentation favourable to the immortality of the soul, that proves death is something good (18-71), and the second one, consisting of a reservation that death is not only something good, but it cannot be something bad (82-119). In accordance to the main goal of this work and based on several different translations which allowed us to do the work with a philological stance where necessary, and which guided a great part of our investigation through notes and valued suggestions of a secondary bibliography we analysed the first part of Book 1, showing that the argumentation in favour of the immortality of the soul, is according to Cicero, absolute and praiseworthy to the best philosophers. We also noticed that the immortality of the soul had been denied as an axiom of ancient philosophy by Hellenistic thought, such as Stoicism and Epicureanism. Cicero refuses the Stoic views about duration of the souls and despises the Epicurean concept on the proof of the mortality of the soul. There are four proofs of immortality of the soul in Book 1, in which we can find the following discussions: the argument consensus omnium gentium, the soul as warm air, the soul as the principle of movement and the soul as the fifth nature (quinta natura). For this work the last discussions are the most important ones: the discussion of the soul as a principle of movement, from Phaidro by Plato and the discussion of the soul as the fifth nature from the lost dialogues of Aristotle, by means of which, Cicero demonstrates that the soul is eternal and divine, thus, establishing a difference between the nature of the soul and the nature of the body. As it may be seen in the conclusion of this work, the immortality of the soul is restricted to the mind, a part of the soul, provided with reason. Remaining after death of the material body, the soul owns perception and intelligence, as it presents the same nature of god, thus pertaining to the celestial realms. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal apresentar e discutir as provas da imortalidade da alma no Livro I das Discussões Tusculanas, de Cícero, uma obra filosófica escrita em forma de diálogo em que se discute, dentre outras coisas, por que o homem não deve temer a morte. Antes de abordar o tema de forma direta, Cícero apresenta no proêmio ao Livro I sua concepção acerca da filosofia e da necessidade de produzir filosofia em latim. Quanto a seu tema, o diálogo do Livro I pode ser dividido em dois grandes momentos: o primeiro consiste numa argumentação favorável à imortalidade da alma, que prova que a morte é um bem (parágrafos 18 a 71); e o segundo consiste na ressalva de que a morte não apenas é um bem, mas sequer pode ser um mal (parágrafos 82 a 119). Alinhados ao objetivo principal deste trabalho e munidos de diferentes traduções que nos permitiram o trabalho de cunho filológico, quando necessário, e nortearam, pelas notas e indicações de bibliografia secundária, grande parte de nossa pesquisa, analisamos a primeira parte do Livro I, mostrando que, para Cícero, a argumentação em favor da imortalidade da alma é primorosa e digna de filósofos superiores (Platão e Aristóteles). Constatamos, também, que a imortalidade da alma, como uma doutrina da filosofia antiga, havia sido negada pelas correntes helenistas, o estoicismo e o epicurismo. Cícero rejeita o ponto de vista do estoicismo sobre a duração das almas e despreza a prova da mortalidade de Epicuro. Quatro são as provas da imortalidade da alma encontradas no Livro I. Delas constam os seguintes argumentos: consensus omnium gentium, a alma como ar aquecido, a alma como princípio de movimento e a alma como quinta natureza. Para este trabalho, os dois últimos são de maior importância: o argumento da alma como princípio de movimento, extraído do diálogo Fedro, de Platão; e o argumento da alma como quinta natureza, noção retirada dos diálogos perdidos de Aristóteles, já que, com eles, Cícero demonstra que a alma é eterna e divina, estabelecendo uma diferença entre a natureza da alma e a natureza do corpo. Como poderá ser visto na conclusão, a imortalidade da alma restringe-se à mente, parte da alma provida de razão. Permanecendo após a morte do corpo, a alma possui percepção e é dotada de inteligência, tem a mesma natureza de deus e, assim, pertence à região celeste. / Mestre em Filosofia
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