The object of the master´s thesis is a business plan for internet portal KAMZASPORTEM.CZ, which will provide information about sports centres in Brno and surroundings. The thesis contains the theoretical introduction of the business plan and also the analysis of practical part.

This thesis has used the Fama and French five-factor model (FF5M) and proposed an alternative model. The proposed model is named the Fama and French five-factor heteroscedastic student's model (FF5HSM). The model utilises an ARMA model for the returns with the FF5M factors incorporated and a GARCH(1,1) model for the volatility. The FF5HSM uses returns data from the FF5M's portfolio construction for the Japanese stock market and the five risk factors. The portfolio's capture different levels of market capitalisation, and the factors capture market risk. The ARMA modelling is used to address the autocorrelation present in the data. To deal with the heteroscedasticity in daily returns of stocks, a GARCH(1,1) model has been used. The order of the GARCH-model has been concluded to be reasonable in academic literature for this type of data. Another finding in earlier research is that asset returns do not follow the assumption of normality that a regular regression model assumes. Therefore, the skewed student's t-distribution has been assumed for the error terms. The result of the data indicates that the FF5HSM has a better in-sample fit than the FF5M. The FF5HSM addresses heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in the data and minimises them depending on the portfolio. Regardingforecasting, both the FF5HSM and the FF5M are accurate models depending on what portfolio the model is applied on.

The object of the master´s thesis is a business plan for internet portal Sportuj.cz, which will provide information about sports centres in Brno and surroundings. The thesis contains the theoretical introduction of the business plan and also the analysis of practical part.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera sambandet mellan personlighet och hur studenter upplever sin studiesituation. Tidigare studier har visat att personlighet hade ett samband med upplevelsen av studiesituationen, bl.a. upplevda studiekrav. Framför allt visade dessa studier att personlighetsaspekterna ”Samvetsgrannhet” och ”Vänlighet” hade ett samband den upplevda studiesituationen. Deltagande i undersökningen var 155 studenter (18–48 år (M=24,44 år, SD = 4,56). En nätenkät med två delar genomfördes; första delen mätte personlighet utifrån femfaktorteorin, den andra delen mätte studenters upplevelser av studiekrav, social interaktion, skicklighet i studierna samt studiekultur. Deltagaren fick svara på sammanlagt 116 påståenden i en likertskala. Signifikanta skillnader upptäcktes gällande hur deltagarna svarade på frågor om ”Neuroticism” och ”Studiekrav” beroende på kön och vilken utbildning deltagaren studerade. Studiens resultat visade signifikanta samband mellan personlighetsdragen “Neuroticism” och upplevda studiekrav samt “Samvetsgrannhet” och ”Skicklighet i studierna”. Sammanfattningsvis bekräftades två av studiens tre antaganden. / This study aim was to investigate the relationship between personality and how students perceive their study situation. Previous studies have shown that personality has a relation on students’ perceived study situations, for example, perceived study requirements. These studies especially showed that the personality traits “Agreeableness” and “Consciousness” had a relation on students’ perceived study situation. 155 Students participated (18-48 years (M= 24,44, SD = 4,56). A two-section online survey was conducted; the first part measured personality based on the big five theory, the second part measured students’ perception of their study situation of study requirements, proficiency in the studies, social interaction, and study culture. The participant had to respond to a total of 116 statements on a likert scale. Significant differences were discovered regarding how students responded to questions about “Neuroticism” and “Study requirements” depending on gender and education. The results of the study showed significant relationships between “Neuroticism” and students’ perception of their “Study requirements” and between “Conscientiousness” and students’ perception of their “Proficiency in the studies”. In conclusion, two out of three assumptions were confirmed.

Det svenska partisystemet är relativt unikt till följd av att det har en tydlig endimensionell struktur. Internationell forskning har visat på samband mellan personlighetsfaktorer och politisk hemvist. Mest framträdande är kopplingen mellan öppenhet och vänstersympatier, samt samvetsgrannhet och högersympatier. Det förefaller även som att politiker skiljer sig från den genomsnittlige väljaren när det gäller framför allt extraversion, samvetsgrannhet och öppenhet. I en svensk kontext är forskningen mer begränsad och således finns ett behov av att nyansera bilden. För att undersöka dessa samband hos ungdomspolitiker i Sveriges största politiska ungdomsförbund, SSU och MUF, genomfördes en enkätundersökning baserad på BFI-44 med N = 161. Ett nationellt representativt stickprov om N = 1524 som genomfört BFI-10 i samband med en undersökning av SOM-institutet fick representera den genomsnittlige väljaren. För att testa hypoteserna genomfördes ett flertal independent samples t-test. Resultaten indikerade att ungdomspolitiker i SSU inte var mer öppna än ungdomspolitiker i MUF (d = 0.062) och att ungdomspolitiker i MUF var signifikant mer samvetsgranna än deras motparter i SSU (d = -0.28). Ungdomspolitiker i SSU visade signifikant högre resultat på neuroticism (d = 0.52) och ungdomspolitikerna som grupp var mer extroverta (d = 0.22) och öppna (d = 0.27) än den genomsnittlige väljaren. Resultaten låg i stora drag i linje med tidigare forskning. Några av avvikelserna gick inte att underbygga teoretiskt, men spekulerades kunna kopplas till den unika svenska politiska kontexten. Vidare spekulerar vi kring sambanden mellan personlighetsdrag och politisk preferens mot bakgrund av studiens resultat. / The Swedish political party system is relatively unique because of its clear one-dimensional structure. International research has shown a connection between personality characteristics and political affiliation. The connection that stands out is that between openness and left sympathies and conscientiousness and right sympathies. It also appears that politicians diverge from the average voter when it comes to extraversion, conscientiousness and openness. In a Swedish context the research is more limited and therefore there is a need to add nuance. To explore these relationships a survey based on BFI-44 was conducted with N = 161. A nationally representative sample of N = 1524 that had conducted BFI-10 as part of a survey by the SOM-insitute got to represent the average voter. To test the hypotheses a multitude of independent samples t-tests was conducted. The results indicated that the youth politicians of SSU were not more open than the youth politicians of MUF (d = 0.062), and that youth politicians of MUF were significantly more conscientious than their counterparts in SSU (d = -0.28). Youth politicians of SSU registered a significantly higher score for neuroticism (d = 0.52) and the youth politicians as a group were more extroverted (d = 0.22) and open (d = 0.27) than the average voter. The results were largely in line with earlier research. Some of the deviations couldn’t be supported from a theoretical perspective but was speculated to have a connection to the unique Swedish political context. Furthermore, we speculate about the connection between personality characteristics and political preference considering the results of this study.

Alla har en personlighet men forskare är fortfarande oense om vad personlighet egentligen är. Det de är ense om är att det är personligt och att alla är olika. Intresset för personlighet och personlighetsdrag har ökat de senaste åren men inom idrotten finns det knappt någon forskning om hur personlighet och idrotthör ihop. Syftet med denna studie är att ta upp ifall det finns ett samband mellan personlighet och idrott, hur personligheten skiljer sig mellan lagidrottare och individuella idrottare, om personligheten harpåverkat valet av idrott samt ifall idrotten påverkar personligheten. Detta är en kvantitativ studie som med hjälp utav ett personlighetstest och en enkät ska ta reda på syftet och frågeställningarna. Personlighetstestet ligger till grund för att få fram fem olika personlighetsaspekter och enkäten ska behandla deras egen syn på hur personligheten påverkat idrottenoch hur idrotten påverkat personligheten. Resultatet analyserades och kodades i programmet SPSS samt med teorin femfaktormodellen. Resultatet visade att det inte skilde sig så mycket mellan lagidrottarna och de individuella idrottarna. Det som stack ut var att lagidrottarna hade ett högre resultat på energi, som är en personlighetsaspekt om hur vi ser världen och tar in information. 84 % av lagidrottarna var realistiska, som är ett personlighetsdrag som tillhör personlighetsaspekten energi och betyder att de fokuserar på vad som har hänt och vad som händer nu. Det var även viktigare för lagidrottarna att kompisar höll på med samma idrott än det var för de individuella idrottarna. Slutsatsen för denna studie är att huruvida det finns ett samband mellan personlighet och idrott eller om personligheten spelar roll i valet utav idrott är från person till person. Det går inte att fastslå att personligheten påverkar eller ej. Det går heller inte slå fast en större skillnad mellan lagidrottare och individuella idrottare utan det är helt personligt. / The aim of this study was to check if there is a connection between personality and sports, if the personality is different between team- and individual sports and how the sport influence their personality. This is a quantitative study that with the help of a personality test and a questionnaire will answer the purpose and questions of this study. The personality test is the base to get five personality aspects and the questionnaire will show their own views on how their personality has affected their sport and how the sport has affected their personality. It will be analyzed in the program SPSS and with the five-factormodel. The result didn’t show a big difference between individual and team sport when it came to personality traits and their answers about how personality affected their choice. Those in a team sport prefered a sport that their friends also played. Those in an individual sport didn’t care that much about that. The conclusion of this study is that it’s individual if the personality affect the choice of sport. There is no big difference between team and individual sport, it’s from person to person.

Individuella skillnader i val av copingstrategier är en viktig del av stresshantering och i förlängningen sannolikheten att drabbas av stressrelaterad ohälsa. Syftet med studien var att predicera copingstrategier utifrån personlighet och vuxen anknytning och att undersöka korrelationer mellan personlighet och vuxen anknytning. 174 vuxna deltagare (män = 40) i åldrarna mellan 19 och 83 år svarade på enkäten som bestod av Big Five Inventory (BFI), Erfarenheter av Nära Relationer (ENR) och Brief COPE. BFI mäter personlighetsdragen enligt femfaktormodellen, ENR mäter anknytningsstil enligt de två dimensionerna undvikande respektive ångestladdad anknytning. Brief COPE mäter coping enligt 14 delskalor som kan delas in i problemfokuserad, känslofokuserad och dysfunktionell (undvikande) coping. Resultat avseende korrelationer visade att det fanns en negativ korrelation mellan undvikande anknytning och vänlighet, extraversion samt samvetsgrannhet. Undvikande anknytning och neuroticism korrelerade positivt. Ångestladdad anknytning var svagt negativt korrelerad med samvetsgrannhet samt positivt korrelerad med neuroticism. Ingen av anknytningsstilarna var signifikant korrelerade med öppenhet. Multipla regressionsanalyser visade att extraversion, öppenhet, samvetsgrannhet och undvikande anknytning predicerade problemfokuserad coping. Känslofokuserad coping predicerades av neuroticism och extraversion. Extraversion och undvikande anknytning predicerade socialt stöd. Självanklagelse predicerades av neuroticism. Neuroticism och ångestladdad anknytning predicerade dysfunktionell coping. Personlighet och anknytning kunde tillsammans predicera problemfokuserad och dysfunktionell coping samt socialt stöd. Anknytning bidrog med unik varians för coping utöver personlighetsdimensionerna. Dock bidrog anknytning med relativt lite förklarad varians även om resultatet var signifikant. / Individual differences in choosing coping strategies are an important part of stress management, thereby affecting the risk of health problems related to stress in the long run. The purpose of this study was the prediction of coping strategies from personality and adult attachment and the examination of correlations between coping and adult attachment. 174 adult participants (men = 40) in the ages between 19 and 83 answered a survey comprised of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Experiences of Close Relationships (ECR) and Brief COPE. BFI measures personality according to the five-factor model. ECR measures attachment according to the two dimensions of avoidant and anxious attachment. Brief COPE measures coping according to 14 subscales which may be divided into problem-focused, emotion-focused, and dysfunctional (avoidance) coping. Results regarding correlations show that there is a negative correlation between avoidant attachment and agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness. There was a positive correlation between avoidant attachment and neuroticism. No significant correlation between attachment and openness was found. Multiple regression analyses show that extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and avoidant attachment predicted problem-focused coping. Neuroticism and extraversion predicted emotion-focused coping. Social support was predicted by extraversion and avoidant attachment. Neuroticism predicted self-blame. Dysfunctional coping was predicted by neuroticism and anxious attachment. Together, personality and attachment predicted problem-focused and dysfunctional coping, as well as social support. Attachment added unique variance compared to personality alone. However, even though significant, the unique variance contributed by attachment was relatively small.

Orientation In this study the interrelationship between specific personality and interests measures were explored to improve understanding of the respective constructs and their interrelations. A literature study and empirical research was conducted to serve the purpose of this study. Research purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the interrelationship between personality and interests using the measures of the OPQ, the 15FQ+, and the SDS. Motivation for study Much research has been done on the importance of the use of personality and interest questionnaires for career guidance and other purposes. However, a correlation between the SDS and OPQ and between the SDS and 15FQ+ has not been researched. As such, this study was intended to provide valuable insight into the interrelation between the personality and interests as measured by the OPQ, the SDS and the 15FQ+, which should enhance the interpretation of the respective constructs. Research Methodology An exploratory research method was used, as it was a systematic investigation of the relationship among two or more variables. A quantitative strategy of inquiry was used for this study. Main findings A canonical correlation analysis showed moderate to strong interrelationship between personality traits and vocational interest. The interrelation of the OPQ, the SDS and the 15FQ+ are significant. The findings indicated how personality and interests differ and converge for enhancing interpretation purposes. Practical/managerial implications Holland’s theory of vocational interests focuses on the application of the SDS for career purposes, as well as for measuring job fit and job satisfaction. A better understanding of the interrelationship between personality and interests help practitioners to optimize the use of the measures within various contexts. Contributions/value additions The study will enable practitioners to more effectively utilize the personality and interest measures, combined or separately, as the interrelationships are now better known and construct validity is enhanced. Conclusion The objective of this research was successfully achieved, as satisfactory evidence was provided to address the overarching research purpose. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Human Resource Management / MSc / Restricted

Organizations are today working actively with diversity management in alignment with the regulations from Riksdagen to reduce discrimination against employees based on their "Gender, transgender identity or expression, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation and age". Previously most focus has been put on the surface-level attributes of diversity such as age, gender and ethnicity but more emphasis and concern should be put on the deeper-level diversities such as personality. Scholars have stressed the importance of conducting qualitative studies that examine the deeper-level diversities in relation to diversity management. Moreover, there is an explicit need for investigating the effect that such a linkage between personality and diversity management can have on employee engagement levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether diversity management can be developed by looking at people’s personalities. This is achieved by answering the research question: How could an understanding of diverse personalities improve employee engagement? By examining this question, this study will give insight to whether personality is an aspect companies should consider in their diversity management when trying to understand and enhance employee engagement. By analyzing seven individuals at two international companies, located in Sweden, we were able to investigate a single case deeply and collect their subjective realities. Further, the study has taken a qualitative research approach in which seven semi-structured interviews were held and the empirical data was later derived through the use of a thematic analysis. It has been found with the application of the Five Factor Model (FFM) that the employees' personalities have a connection to their engagement levels. The analysis implied that the employees' personalities rather than surface-level diversities had an impact on their engagement. This makes it in turn reasonable to suggest that companies' diversity management practices can be further developed if looking at their employees' personalities. Ultimately this thesis has derived salient conclusions about the fact that FFM could be used to develop the understanding of diversity and diversity management. In turn this contributes with insight on how workplaces and the well-being of employees can be enhanced.

The All-Electric Vehicle (AEV) industry development has intensified and is connected to governmentefforts to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and encourage people to buy electric vehicles. This hasled to all the lights turning on newly established all-electric vehicle makers and some older players. Thegrowth of these companies is depicted in their market capitalization, which has seen an unprecedentedrun. However, one can notice a knowledge gap in the analysis of factors affecting such companies'expected rate of return. This research focuses on analyzing the factors from three of the most knownasset pricing models - CAPM, Fama-French 3 Factor, and Fama-French 5 Factor models. It shows whichof these factors are significant in estimating the expected return rate for nine chosen companies and theimpact of each considerable factor on the return rate.Additionally, we calculate the expected return rate using the beforementioned models to verify whetherthere is an uptrend or not in the electric vehicle market. The current research is limited to companieslisted on the US stock market, with only all-electric vehicle production lines. We make an introductionto the AEV theoretical aspects and related market structure. We also present theoretical concepts behindthe expected rate of return perception.The analysis showed that the market risk premium impacts 100% of the companies. The SMB factorinfluences 55% of the companies while the HML factor only 11%. Finally, RMW affects 66% of thechosen dataset and CMA 77%. For all companies, there is a positive expected return rate. Looking atthe significant coefficients for each model, the results are the following: we can observe that for CAPMand all the companies, 100% of the coefficients are positive. For FF3FM, 93% of the significant factorsare positive, while only 7% are negative. Finally, for FF5FM, out of the 28 significant factors, 65% ofthe coefficients are positive, and 35% are negative.