The goal of the thesis was to identify the overall life situation of men on parental leave, decisive factors that led them to take the parental leave and at the same time identification of protective and limiting factors influencing mastering the care for the child from the point of view of men on parental leave. The Introduction states reasons that led me to select the topic and describe the issue and direction of my work more closely. The Theoretical Part is comprised of six chapters describing the issue of family, fatherhood and family policy in general, the current situation of men on parental leave in the Czech Republic and in other European countries and legislative problems connected with it. The Research Part comprises eight case studies focused on the research areas set in advance. The Discussion is then comparison of specialist literature speaking on the subject and of results I collected in the Research Part. The Conclusion sums up the whole work and formulates my opinions about results of my studies. Here, I also mention my findings for potential further research. The basic methods used in my qualitative research were half-structured dialogue and open participant observation. The collected data were elaborated in eight case studies. The research sample of eight men was selected by random systematic selection. The men came from Prague and its surroundings and they were between 32 and 55 years old. The research lasted from June 2008 to April 2009. Results of my work can help to make the decision-making in family more objective in view of real benefit of one of the parents taking the parental leave. Further, the work could help overcome common taboos and find at least partial answers to questions that are new to many men.

This thesis deals with the issue of working time, as one of the main aspects of work. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the working time in concrete marketing company. The theoretical part introduces the issue and summarizes the basic knowledge of literature. In the practical part the company system of flexible working hours is being analyzed in detail. The aim is to analyze the behavior of employees in relation to working time and to recommend appropriate further steps for the company. This analysis should be useful particularly for managers and for HR department.

This thesis deals with possibilities the employees have when they are returning to work from maternity or parental leave. The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes different flexible working arrangements in the czech labour market and current legislation for maternity and parental leave. The practical part is focused on a comparison among selected european countries in flexible working arrangements and formal childcare for children under three years of age and from three years to the minimum compulsory school age. Also discussed is the current situation in two surveyed companies. The main objective is to confirm or disprove the stated hypotheses and create suggestions which have a positive affect on an early return from maternity and parental leave for companies and government.

The subject of this thesis is Work-Life Balance - the reconciliation of professional and personal lives. The primary objective of this work is to analyze employee satisfaction in achieving a balance between the professional and personal life and to develop recommendations for employer on that basis. The theoretical portion of this work defines the issues surrounding Work-Life Balance and tools that employees can use to harmonize the two with an analysis of applications in the Czech Republic and across the European Union. The practical portion of the study analyzes employee satisfaction in real-world cases. On the basis of both components, the study offers recommendations for policy improvements to foster better Work-Life Balance.

Work-life balance, balans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv, har intresserat forskare under de senaste decennierna och flertalet studier har gjorts på ämnet. Olika perspektiv har tagits i beaktning, såväl individinriktade som organisatoriska. Denna studie belyser de mönster och faktorer som kan urskiljas och påverkar chefers work-life balance. Studien bygger på 14 kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med chefer inom olika branscher. Intervjuerna behandlade chefernas upplevelser av balans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv och en tematisk analys genomfördes på det insamlade materialet. Resultatet visar att chefer i relativt hög grad upplever balans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv men balansen tycks gå i vågor av perioder av stress och hög arbetsbelastning. Studien finner inga tydliga könsskillnader angående chefernas sätt att skapa balans. Däremot lyfter intervjupersonerna problematiken kring kvinnors dubbla arbete, i förvärvsarbete och hem. Slutligen kan det konstateras att arbetsuppgifternas karaktär, det flexibla arbetet och förmågan att sätta gränser mellan de olika livsdomänerna, konflikter mellan olika sociala roller, såväl som det sociala stödet och kraven som cheferna upplever är de faktorer som påverkar balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv i högst grad. / Work-life balance, the balance between work and private life, has been interesting researchers over the last decades, and several studies has been conducted in the field. Different perspectives have been considered, both individual and organizational. This study highlights the patterns and factors that affect managers' work-life balance. The study is based on 14 qualitative semi-structured interviews with managers in different industries. The interviews covered the managers’ experiences of work-life balance and a thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The results show that managers experience a relatively high level of work-life balance, but the balance seems to fluctuate in periods of stress and high workload. The study finds no clear gender differences regarding the managers’ way of creating balance. Although the respondents raise their attention to the issue regarding women’s double workload, both at work and at home. Finally, it can be noted that the nature of the tasks, the flexible working hours, the ability to set limits between the life domains, the conflict between different roles, as well as social support, and the demands the managers face are the factors that influence the balance between work and private life the most.

Hemarbete har blivit vardag för många med ett administrativt yrke. Det har funnits olika syn på huruvida hemarbete bidrar till högre produktivitet eller inte. Flera organisationer har börjat fundera på om de ska implementera hemarbete som en beständig förändring efter Corona-pandemins slut. Det finns tidigare forskning på hur produktivt det är att arbeta hemifrån men forskning som är inriktad på upplevd produktivitet vid hemarbete identifierades inte. Med bakgrunden av egen erfarenhet av hemarbete och en nyfikenhet kring konsekvenserna av hemarbetet växte syftet med studien fram. Syftet med denna studie är att utforska anställdas upplevda produktivitet vid förändringen till hemarbete i en verksamhet och vilka faktorer som påverkar den. Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ fallstudie med en induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen baseras på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med tjänstemän som arbetat hemifrån under Corona-pandemin. Genom den insamlade data som intervjuerna bidrog med, identifierades centrala teman genom sortering och kodning av materialet. Av analysen genererades det totalt 13 teman där fem av dessa valdes ut som mest återkommande och som sedan genererade i sig sju underkategorier. Underkategorierna var kontorsspring, familjemedlemmar, missar att ta pauser, vågar inte ta pauser, anpassat efter individen, organisationskultur och balans. Dessa teman kopplades till teori för att skapa mening. Analysen bidrog till en diskussion kring vikten av individens och organisationens samspel. Att en strategi går åt samma riktning, vilken både individen och organisationen är en del av, skapar en samstämmighet. Respondenterna ville fortsätta arbeta hemifrån efter Corona-pandemin i en balans med kontorsarbete. Anställdas upplevda produktivitet vid hemarbete konstaterades vara högre än vid kontorsarbete i fallstudien, de faktorer som påverkar är de teman som ovan presenterats. / Working from home has become commonplace for many with an administrative profession. There have been various findings as to whether homework contributes to higher productivity or not. Several organizations have begun to consider whether to implement remote working as a strategy after the Corona pandemic's end. There is previous research on how productive it is to work from home, but research that focuses on perceived productivity when working at home was not identified. With the background of our own experience of working from home and a curiosity about the consequences of it, the purpose of the study emerged. The purpose of the study is to explore employees perceived productivity when changing to working from home in an organization and what factors that affect it. The thesis is a qualitative case study with an inductive approach. The data collection is based on a qualitative semi-structured interview with white-collar workers who worked from home during the Corona pandemic. Through the collected data that the interviews contributed, key themes were identified through sorting and coding of the material. The analysis generated atotal of 13 themes, five of which were selected as the most recurring and which then generated seven subcategories. The subcategories were office running, family members, failing to take breaks, not daring to take breaks, adapted to the individual, organizational culture, and balance. These themes were linked to theory to create meaning. Analyze contributed to a discussion about the importance of the individual and the organization's interaction. That a strategy goes in the same direction, of which both the individual and the organization are a part, creates a coherence. The respondents wanted to continue working from home after the Corona pandemic in a balance of office work. Employees' perceived productivity in working from home was found to be higher than in office work in the case study, the factors that affect are the themes presented above.

Vi lever i en värld av ständig utveckling och för att vara konkurrenskraftiga behöver organisationer följa med i denna utveckling. En förutsättning för innovationer och förbättringsarbete är förmågan att göra organisationens medarbetare delaktiga i arbetet. I och med Covid-19-pandemin blev distansarbete det nya normala och synen på arbetsplatsen förändrades. Den här studiens syfte har varit att bidra med kunskap om hur ledare och medarbetare ser på möjligheter till delaktighet vid ett flexibelt arbetssätt. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats med intervjuer av ledare och medarbetare i en offentlig organisation. Organisationen som valdes hade nyligen infört ett flexibelt arbetssätt i samband med återgången efter Covid-19 pandemin. I studien framkom sju teman som på olika sätt har betydelse för förutsättningarna att skapa delaktighet i arbetet. Dessa teman var Autonomi, Kommunikation, Relationer och gruppidentitet, Utveckling, Produktivitet, Tillit och Ledarskap. En möjlighet som framkom i studien var ett ökat inflytande över beslut rörande arbetstid och -plats. Studien visar på att en av de större utmaningarna för delaktighet är kommunikation, främst rör detta hybridmöten och avsaknaden av spontana interaktioner. I studien framkommer också att ledare behöver skapa bra strukturer för kommunikation för att främja både de sociala banden och de arbetsrelaterade uppgifterna. Ledare behöver också vara närvarande och uppmärksamma varje medarbetare så att dessa känner sig inkluderade och sedda, även när arbetet sker på distans. / We live in a world of constant change and to be competitive, organizations need to keep up with this development. A prerequisite for innovations and improvements is the organization's ability to involve its employees. With the Covid-19 pandemic, working from home became the new norm and the perception of the workplace changed. The purpose of this study has been to contribute knowledge of how leaders and employees view opportunities for participation when working flexible. The study is based on a qualitative approach with interviews of leaders and employees in a public organization. The studied organization had recently introduced a flexible way of working when returning to the workplace after the Covid-19 pandemic. The study revealed seven themes that in different ways are important for creating employee participation. These themes were Autonomy, Communication, Relationships and Group Identity, Development, Productivity, Trust and Leadership. One possibility for participation that emerged in the study was an increased influence on decisions regarding working arrangements. The study shows that one of the major challenges for participation is communication, mainly concerning hybrid meetings and the lack of spontaneous interactions. The study also shows that leaders need to create good structures for communication to promote both the social ties and the work-related tasks. Leaders also need to be present and pay attention to each employee so that they feel included and seen, even when working remotely. / <p>2022-06-05</p>

現今的社會所面臨的是一個快速變遷和注重效率的時代。我國近年來更由於政治、經 濟、社會、文化等各方面的蓬勃發展，社會結構及環境爭劇變遷，傳統農業社會已逐 漸蛻變為現代工商社會，民眾對於政府服務的品質要求愈趨提高，分務人員生活品質 亦要求再加提升，其中行政機關工作時間( 辨公時間 )的設計，關係公務人員的生活 作息、政府的絕對運作、民眾接洽公務以及各行各業的營運，其間之關係密切而重要 ，因此行政機關對於工作時間之安排與設計日漸受到各方的關切與重視。 因此，我國政府對於行政機關工作時間的設計乃不遺余力，尤其是彈性工作時間制 ( Flexible Working Hours )的試行，此一組織發展(Organization Development OD ) 之干預技術(Intervention)，在別的國家創辨或試行時，效果頗佳，民眾稱便。一旦 搬到國內來，尤其是行政機關，卻往往不是窒礙難行，便是全然走樣，給人. 「橘逾 淮而變枳」的印象。其間之原因何在？是因行政生態環境不同呢？或是使用方法錯誤 ？或是對於此制之真正涵義并未了解而誤用？亦或是另有其他之問題？等等。為了了 解上述的問題，筆者乃以理論和實際并重的研究途徑，對此論題作深入的研究探討。 全文計分五章，凡二十節，共約十萬言。第一章緒論對研究問題、目的、方法、架構 和限制作一說明。第二章則是對本文所需的理論和文獻做詳細的介紹與分析。除以組 織發展之觀點來探計「彈性工作時間制」之各個面向及其真正的意涵外，并說明其源 起與演進、理論基楚、及在國外實行之情錶，并對其類型、優缺點等與其他相關之工 作時間制度做一綜合分析說明。第三章則透過個案探討組織實行此干預技術之成敗因 素為何？并加以評析。第四章則是透過實證研究以驗證本文之研究假設。最後，筆者 在第五章結論，對研究所得提出報告，并試擬我國行政機關進行「彈性工作時間制」 之策略與步驟，以為參考。最後并論述行政組織應用此制之趨勢及未來應用之展望， 作為本文的總結。

66 Abstract - Flexible forms of working hours This diploma thesis deals with the flexible forms of working hours and its goal is to describe this issue in intelligible and comprehensive way. It is being very interesting and current theme which is to a great extent not subject to direct legal regulations and provides its contracting parties with a big amount of freedom of contract. This fact assists in bigger flexibilization of labour market and represents a significant instrument in the fight against unemployment and economic crisis. This thesis is composed of six chapters. Chapter One introduces the term flexible forms of working hours and briefly describes the content of following chapters. Chapter Two delimits the area of labour law in relation to other branches of law and describes law principles relating to labour law. The following Chapter Three deals with legal regulations of working hours, its length, ways of allotment and international legal regulations. Chapter Four represents an introduction to the flexible forms of working hours. The basic methods of division of flexibility in the relation to the labour market are mentioned here as well as flexible forms of work are divided on the basis of typology which is used in this diploma thesis. This chapter is followed by Chapter Five, which is the most...

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No. of bitstreams: 1 MEX2010_Dissertação_Rachel Constant Vergara Mann.pdf: 587590 bytes, checksum: b7f38e073ef5e0697a4dc14ca6061828 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-26 / The work occupies a definite place in the lives of individuals, this rich sense of individual and social, is a means of producing life of each one to provide subsistence, existential senses create or contribute to the structuring of identity and subjectivity. The current status of adoption and use of Information and Communication Technologies by organizations and individuals, showed an increase of the incorporation of technological devices that have the potential to change the spatial and temporal characteristics of the work, increasing worker mobility. Considering the fact that the individual to move, while moving through space, remodeling or attach your personal identity, professional, cultural, social or political from the mobility, the ultimate goal of this research was to reflect on that how the positive and negative impacts generated by the intense geographic mobility demanded by the profession, teachers are perceived by workers of a post-graduation courses in Business Administration moving from one territory to another (s), in order to exercise their teaching activities. Was performed for both a literature review concerning the meaning of work, presenting the following are some reflections on the changes in labor relations as a result of mutations in the workplace, addressing, finally, the theme Mobility of the workforce. After this step, we sought to understand the perspective of teaching workers through personal interviews analyzed in the light of the method of content analysis, the paths taken by them and meanings attributed to these experiences, seeking to understand how teaching workers highlighted represent the look on himself and others, to show the significance (positive and negative) of spatial mobility, daily practices and strategies of socialization and interaction with, and at the destination. It can be concluded that, although there are some factors that can make the constant spatial displacement of these workers a negative element to them, since they are sources of high demand physical and mental, of stress, overload, emotional stress, fatigue, anxiety, discouragement, frustration and dissatisfaction with the work, leading them to the constant removal of the social context and may result in serious consequences for the health of the worker. These constant shifts geographical become, however, a positive element, since the increase to allow their teaching practices through the experiences enriched by contacts, by learning acquired and the skills acquired in multicultural relationships, becoming space for self-fulfillment, social inclusion and recognition, prestige, status and sense of usefulness. / O trabalho ocupa um inegável espaço na vida dos indivíduos, sendo este rico de sentido individual e social, é um meio de produção da vida de cada um ao prover subsistência, criar sentidos existenciais ou contribuir na estruturação da identidade e da subjetividade. O cenário atual de adoção e uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação pelas organizações e pessoas, demonstra um crescimento da incorporação de dispositivos tecnológicos que têm o potencial de alterar as características espaciais e temporais do trabalho, aumentando a mobilidade do trabalhador. Considerando-se o fato de que o indivíduo ao deslocar-se, ao mover-se pelo espaço, anexa ou remodela sua identidade pessoal, profissional, cultural, social ou política a partir da mobilidade, o objetivo final desta pesquisa foi refletir sobre de que maneira os impactos positivos e negativos gerados pela intensa mobilidade geográfica demandados pelo exercício da profissão, são percebidos por trabalhadores docentes de curso de pós-graduação lato sensu em Administração que se deslocam de um território para outro(s), com a finalidade de exercerem suas atividades docentes. Realizou-se para tanto uma revisão bibliográfica acerca de sentido do trabalho, apresentando, a seguir, algumas reflexões sobre as alterações ocorridas nas relações de trabalho em decorrência de mutações no mundo do trabalho, abordando, por fim, o tema Mobilidade da força de trabalho. Após esta etapa, buscou-se compreender, na ótica desses trabalhadores docentes, por meio de entrevistas pessoais analisadas à luz do método de análise de conteúdo, os caminhos percorridos e significados atribuídos por eles a estas vivências, procurando perceber como os trabalhadores docentes em destaque representam o olhar sobre si e sobre os outros, visando demonstrar o significado (positivo e negativo) da mobilidade espacial, as práticas cotidianas e estratégias de sociabilidade e interação com e no local de destino. Pode-se concluir que, apesar de haver alguns fatores que podem tornar os constantes deslocamentos geográficos destes trabalhadores um elemento negativo para eles, uma vez que são fontes de alta demanda física e mental, geradoras de estresse, sobrecarga, tensão emocional, cansaço, ansiedade, desânimo, frustração e descontentamento em relação ao trabalho, levando-os ao afastamento constante do contexto social, podendo resultar em consequências graves para a saúde deste trabalhador. Estes constantes deslocamentos geográficos tornam-se, contudo, um elemento positivo, uma vez que possibilitam o incremento às suas práticas docentes, por meio das vivências enriquecidas pelos contactos estabelecidos, pelas aprendizagens realizadas e pelas capacidades de relacionamento em meios multiculturais adquiridas, tornando-se espaço de autorrealização, inserção e reconhecimento social, prestígio, status e de senso de utilidade.