Syftet med kunskapsöversikten är att ta reda på vilka attityder elever har till att läsa skönlitteratur. Metoden har bestått av informationssökning. Resultatet av källorna har sedan bearbetats, noggrant granskats och sammanställts. Såväl svenska som internationella studier har använts. Resultatet visar att ungdomar både har positiva och negativa attityder till läsning av skönlitteratur. Forskningen tar upp att ungdomar vill läsa litteratur för att fly verkligheten. De vill gärna välja böcker själv. Dessutom vill de gärna ha uppmuntran och kunna socialt interagera kring de böcker de läst. En majoritet av eleverna föredrar tryckt format och uppskattar tid till läsning i klassrummet. Den främsta anledningen till att eleverna inte läser litteratur på sin fritid är att de prioriterar andra aktiviteter.

Streaming av film är populärare än någonsin. År 2021 nådde streamingtjänsten Netflix fler än 200 miljoner användare världen över. Det som fångar kundens uppmärksamhet för en film/serie på Netflix är thumbnail-bilden. Dessa bilder styrs av algoritmer och väljs baserat på användares tittarhistorik – de ser annorlunda ut användare emellan och ändras frekvent. Filmaffischer har historiskt sett varit viktiga i marknadsföring av filmer, men har en statisk design till skillnad från thumbnail-bilder. Thumbnail-bilder och filmaffischer är paratexter till en film; paratexterna bidrar till helhetsintrycket av filmen. Denna uppsats undersöker hur kommunikationen ser ut i algoritmbaserade thumbnail-bilder och traditionella filmaffischer, sett ur perspektiven genre och handling. Detta görs genom en semiotisk bildanalys och en kvalitativ intervju med åtta Netflix-användare. Materialet som undersöks är Netflix thumbnail-bilder tillhörande nio filmer/serier och samma filmer/seriers affisch från IMDb. I intervjuerna visas materialet både med och utan text för att undersöka typografins kommunikativa förmåga och om grafiska element spelar in i tolkningen. Resultaten visar att filmaffischer förmedlar genre och handling något bättre än thumbnail-bilder, samt att typografi har kommunikativa egenskaper. Vissa tecken förmedlar direkt genre; används dessa tecken effektivt kan en bild kommunicera genre utan text. I vissa fall behövdes text och grafik för att tolka budskapet mer korrekt vilket stärker vikten av grafisk design. Uppsatsen hävdar att Netflix över tid utmanar de klassiska affischerna genom att summan av de potentiella thumbnail-bilderna sammantaget kommunicerar filmen/seriens innehåll mer nyanserat och därmed mer kommunikativt än de statiska affischerna.

Communication about biodiversity loss is insufficient and audiovisual stories can help to effectively communicate the problem. This research developed the optimum communication criteria for communicating effectively about biodiversity loss through audiovisual stories. We created our theoretical framework by combining contemporary research about audiovisual stories concerning science and studies on effective communication about biodiversity loss and conservation. Based on this framework and using relevant multimodal critical discourse analysis tools, we built an analytical model. We applied the model to the analysis of three contemporary audiovisual stories concerning biodiversity loss: Rang-tan: the story of dirty palm oil (Greenpeace International, 2018), “Dream” (Wildlife Conservation Film Festival, 2016, original quotation marks), and The Birdman (Fordesman, 2020). The research findings demonstrate that current audiovisual stories lack aspects of the optimum communication criteria and that conservation communicators have not yet made use of the medium's full potential. Ideally, this thesis has the potential to encourage further research on how to communicate more effectively about biodiversity loss.

Since their introduction in the 1990s, academic e-books have been a growing part of library collections, both in their total number and as a proportion of those collections. Research over the previous 20 years has consistently shown that students prefer to use physical books when studying, yet library e-book collections continue to grow. This bachelor’s thesis presents the results of a study into how students use academic e-books and which format (if any) they prefer to use. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six students at varying levels of their studies and the results analysed using a qualitative thematic approach. The theoretical frameworks used to discuss the results are cognitive psychology (how to read e-books) and reading theory (the best approach to adopt when reading books). The key findings are that students still prefer to use physical books when reading for learning (deep reading) but that they appreciate the affordances that most e-books offer when skimming and dipping for informational reading. The students’ level of academic study did not affect their views on academic e-books.

The contingent valuation method (CVM) is used to evaluate the minimum compensation landowners require to forego production on farm riverbanks areas. The elicitation format used in the survey is a yes-no participation question followed by an open-ended question. Chapter 2 presents the results of the survey. The Heckman approach is used in the econometric analysis to take care of the self-selection problem arising with this formatting of the questions. Chapter 3 is devoted to further examining the potential for undertaking valuation exercises using the willingness-to-accept format (WTA) WTA estimates obtained with open-ended format are compared to WTA estimates obtained when respondents are placed in a "contingent first-price sealed-bird auction" setting. Results indicated that WTA values obtained in the two different settings were not statistically different. More generally, this chapter shows that the use of auctions can be successfully applied to the provision of public goods in the case of compensation demanded.

År 2017 genomfördes ett projekt att vidareutveckla en äldre 3D-skrivare för att skapa en större och mer robust skrivare. Denna 3D-skrivare blev tyvärr aldrig blev färdigställd och med ett ökat behov av tillverkning av komplexa prototyper fanns behovet att färdigställa 3D-skrivaren. Detta arbete startades genom att undersöka 3D-skrivarens komponenter och komplettera med det som saknades. Styrkortet Duet 2 jämfördes mot andra styrkort för att undersöka ifall det var tillräckligt till 3D-skrivaren. En pekskärm och expansionskort kompletterades då till styrkortet. Inbyggd programvara till styrkortet saknades så detta uppdaterades och ställdes in korrekt. Olika typer av inbyggd programvara jämfördes även. En inkapsling för byggytan konstruerades av plexiglas för att skydda mot drag från fönster och ventilation. Styrkort monterades även i en separat inkapsling med tillhörande fläktar för att säkerställa funktion. En PEI byggyta och silikonvärmeplatta monterades på byggplattan och kopplades in med ett halvledarrelä till styrkortet. Med alla komponenter monterades provkördes slutligen 3D-skrivaren och kvalitetstestades grundligt med en #3Dbenchy i 250% skala. Resultatet av projektet blev vidareutvecklad och färdigställd 3D-skrivare i storformat kapabel att tillverka avancerade 3D-utskrifter med godkänd kvalitet. / In 2017, a project was carried out to further develop an older 3D printer to create a larger and more robust printer. This 3D-printer was unfortunately never completed and with an increased need to manufacture complex prototypes there was a need to complete the 3D-printer. This work was started by examining the 3D-printer's components and supplementing with what was missing. The Duet 2 control board was compared against other control boards to investigate if it was sufficient for the 3D-printer. A touch screen and expansion card were then added to the control board. Firmware for the control board was missing so this was updated and set up correctly. Different types of firmware were also compared. An enclosure for the print bed was constructed from Plexiglas to protect against drafts from windows and ventilation. Control boards were also mounted in a separate compartment with associated fans to ensure correct function. A PEI build surface and silicon heater pad were mounted on the build plate and connected with a solid-state relay to the control board. With all the components mounted the 3D printer was test run and quality tested thoroughly with a #3Dbenchy at 250% scale. The result of the project was a further developed and completed 3D printer in large-format capable of producing advanced 3D-prints with adequate quality.

Purpose: Due to the rapidly increasing use of Digital Content Marketing (DCM) on social media and the lagging empirical research in the field, this study aims to determine how marketers can optimize DCM on social media and influence the purchase intention of Generation Z consumers.  Methodology: Since the study is based on a consumer perspective, a quantitative method with a deductive approach has been conducted. The empirical data consisted of a digital survey with responses from 141 Generation Z consumers.  Findings: Results of the survey reveals that it is possible to optimize the existing characteristics of DCM, as the most preferred traits were valuable, reliable, and entertaining. Furthermore, DCM has a strong impact on the target audience’s purchase intention and can be most advantageously conveyed through video and image formats on Instagram.  Research limitations: This study contributes to an increased understanding of how to use DCM on social media. However, more empirical research is still needed in the field that can be generalized to the entire Generation Z population.  Practical implications: Findings provide an optimized and up-to-date version of DCM that provides marketers with guidelines and opportunities for how DCM on social media can increase consumer engagement and purchase intention.  Originality/value: This study is one of the first to optimize DCM on social media based on consumer preferences, thus demonstrating how DCM can be designed to increase consumer purchase intention.  Keywords: Digital Content Marketing, Content Marketing, purchase intention, social media, digital platforms, digital formats

Background. Environmental sustainability and reducing energy consumption are important and relevant topics today. Energy consumption by data centres is constantly increasing. One factor that could be affecting this is what web frameworks are being used. Objectives. We wanted to investigate whether there is a difference in energy consumption depending on the selected web framework for an API web server. An improvement should not come with overhanging negative side effects. Therefore, energy usage was to be contrasted with response time. In addition, we wanted to see how the choice of response format affects these metrics. In the case of finding any considerable impact on energy usage, without compromising the response time, the goal was to communicate this in order to increase the awareness among software developers. Methods. A literature review was done in order to gather existing information on how to conduct an experiment measuring software energy consumption. We evaluated available tools for measuring consumed application energy. An experiment then compared four popular web frameworks in regard to both energy usage, and response time. Django, Express, Laravel, and Spring Boot were selected for the experiment. Metrics measured were energy usage and response time. The experiment was executed with three different amounts of concurrent requests vusers = {10, 100, 250}. Results. The literature study resulted in a selection of software tools for measuring software energy consumption to choose from. The tool perf was chosen for the experiment. In the experiment, the response format was shown to affect the response time, but not the energy consumption. Increasing the amount of concurrent users made for larger differences between frameworks, both regarding energy usage and response time. Express and Spring Boot show the best performance in both regards for all amounts of concurrent requests. Conclusions. Express and Spring Boot are the clear winners out of the four compared frameworks. Both in terms of energy usage and response time, they had the best results. Django is not a web framework to recommend if response time is of importance.

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Skate videos, produced by specific brands within skate culture, are an interesting window into a type of aesthetic formalism. There is a a lack of research concerning skate videos from a formalistic perspective, and this thesis aims to look at a specific aspect of the field; aesthetic form. In this context, aesthetic form includes the formalistic expressions that are created through camera work and editing, with a focus on post-production. With the help of theories by Jean Mitry that focus on film aesthetics in relation to editing, this thesis aims to analyze skate videos that represent unique aesthetic forms. The second theoretical framework employed is based on Thomas Thurnel-Read’s ”Format Nostalgia”, according to which a piece can have a clear nostalgic resonance to older video formats in its aesthetic. The evolution of digital video formats and platforms create a basis for how contemporary skate videos are produced and distributed. Through a qualitative analysis of three skate videos, the thesis illustrates how the formalistic expressions of this specific aesthetic form have evolved.