The US presidential election of 2016 between the republican Donald Trump and the democrat Hillary Clinton was special in the aspect of the fierce tone between the two candidates, largely by personal attacks and how the media to a large extent focused on this rather than political issues. Many evangelical leaders decided to endorse Trump, even though their earlier outspoken criticism toward Trumps previously controversial statements about women, immigrants and minorities. In six articles this case study examines how the authors from The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal frame the relationship between Trump and evangelical leaders during the 2016 US election. This is done by using a framing analysis and the categories: actors, characteristics, motives and goals which help me to answer a couple of analysis questions and latter put it into context of Snow and Benfords (1988) three tasks of framing. In this way I can answer the first research question: ”How is the relationship between Donald Trump and the evangelical leaders represented in the selected cases and how can this be understood by using Snow and Benfords (1988) three tasks of framing; diagnostic, prognostic and motivational framing?” The second research question “How can the framing of the relationship between Trump and the evangelical leaders be understood according to Hjarvards (2012) theory medialization of religion with a focus on media as language?” visualizes the attitudes and the shaping of frames contained in the articles. The study concludes that the three tasks of framing help assign causation, identify reasons, strategies and solutions to the phenomenon that is framed by the authors of the articles, but also how Trump and evangelicals are framed by the authors to rationalize the defined measures. The results show that the authors of the articles mainly focus on Trumps motives and goals to gain support of evangelical leaders vice versa the leaders which want to gain ground and influence the politics Trump is going to convey. This can be seen in both NYT and the WSJ articles through the framing of Trump and his fierce tone toward Clinton and her campaign. It is also recurrent that the authors of the article describe how Trump uses a language aimed at the Christian right and its leaders to promise them to pursue a value-conservative policy that favor them.

The purpose of this essay was to examine how eight Swedish newspapers reported on a trade union conflict between dock workers and a employer organisation in the winter of 2019. Further it will examine how the conflict is portrayed in the newspaper and if both of the organisations gets their voices heard in the newspapers. We will also examine what context the conflict mention within. We analyzed eight Swedish newspapers that wrote about the conflict, at the time 7 January - 14 Mars 2019, with help of a quantitative content analysis.  The result of this study showed us that the newspapers in Sweden in generally used Primary Definers to get their information so they could write articles about this conflict. It also showed us that the two parties in this conflict, the trade union and the employer, get the chance to speak in the newspaper almost as much as each other. Other findings were made and one of those was that two of Sweden’s largest newspaper barely wrote about this conflict. But when they were writing about this conflict they wrote that this conflict has a big impact on the Swedish economy.

With the increased energy demands which are needed to fuel the human development and economic growth we also observe a trend for global environmental problems caused by burning fossil fuels. Tackling problems like global warming would mean either tapping into the large CO2 emitters and having them shift to renewable energy alternatives or motivating change on the level of individuals which would lead to a general reduction in energy consumption. This thesis features an online experiment with 320 participants, recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, who were randomly assigned to either an environmental or an economic frame, and performed tasks on energy-related investments, risk elicitation and environmental preferences (by framing we mean controlling the formulation of the decision problem). The main purpose of the experiment was to examine the effects of framing on the decision-making processes of households in regards to energy investments. The results we obtained with 90 and 99% confidence provide evidence that framing does have an effect on investment choices, moreover we have also observed that environmental concern is an important predictor of households’ investments. Going beyond our main hypothesis, we have conducted some exploratory analysis of the data which highlighted a great potential for the scientific method within the domain of energy-related investments. Finally, the results from our experiment suggest that framing could be a successful instrument in the hands of those working with policy-making and communication.

O jornalismo produz e dissemina informações na sociedade influenciando-a na forma de pensar e sobre o quê pensar. Por meio do enquadramento midiático, metodologia utilizada em estudos de comunicação, pode-se verificar neste estudo de que forma se dão as estratégias de comunicação utilizada por diferentes veículos midiáticos, para disseminar informação no jornalismo econômico no que concerne à Taxa Básica de Juros: Selic. Deve-se levar em consideração que no jornalismo econômico, bem como nas demais categorias profissionais, as relações sociais exercem interesses e relações de poder. Sendo assim, esta dissertação buscou analisar as diferentes estratégias de comunicação presentes no discurso do jornalismo econômico no Brasil nos jornais: O Globo, Folha de São Paulo, O Estado de São Paulo e Valor Econômico. Para responder o problema que este trabalho propôs, buscou-se responder os seguintes questionamentos: Quais os gêneros jornalísticos mais recorrentes nas matérias sobre a Selic? A quais agentes sociais os veículos de comunicação dão voz? E quais são as categorias mais citadas nas matérias de economia sobre a Selic? Qual o framing predominante sobre a taxa Selic?. As estratégias utilizadas pelos veículos implicam diretamente na forma de publicar informações sobre a variação da taxa Selic, isto é, para um mesmo conteúdo pode-se dar enfoques distintos. Já que as estratégias de comunicação usadas pelos veículos de comunicação são definidas pelo perfil do veículo e pelo público que se quer atingir. / Journalism produces and disseminates information in society influencing it in thinking about and what to think. Through the media framework, methodology used in communication studies, one can see how it gives the communication strategies used by different media vehicles to disseminate information on economic journalism regarding the base interested rate: Selic. One should take into account that in economic journalism, as well as other professional groups, social relations exert interests and power relations. Thus, this dissertation investigates the different communication strategies present in the economic journalism discourse in Brazil in the newspaper O Globo, Folha de São Paulo, the State of São Paulo and Valor Economico. To answer the problem that this proposed work, we sought to answer the following questions: What are the most recurrent journalistic genres in the field over the Selic? To which social agents that the media gives voice? And what are the categories most frequently cited in the field of economy over the Selic? What is the predominant framing over the Selic rate?. The strategies used by vehicles directly affect the way of publishing information on the Selic interest rate to the same content can be given different approaches. Since the communication strategies used by the media are defined by the vehicle profile and the public one wants to affect.

We have studied how three morning papers and three evening papers from Sweden’s three major cities (Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo) frame so called exposed areas as opposed to wealthy areas. The result shows that the level of crime reporting is higher in exposed areas and that it’s mostly men with Swedish names that takes part in the reporting. The number of police officers and lawyers that gets to speak on behalf of the exposed areas is also high and quite few persons that actually live in exposed areas gets to speak in the reporting. There is a wider variety in the reporting from the rich areas, with crime reporting being present but not to the same prominent level as in exposed areas. There is also more of a gender equality in the reporting from rich areas.

Syftet med undersökningen är tvådelat och avser för det första att bidra till och bredda den befintliga internationella kunskapsbas som finns på gestaltningen av diabetes, oavsett sjukdomstyp, i tryckta dagstidningar. För det andra syftar studien till att lyfta mediernas dagordnings- och gestaltningsmakt och reproduktion av uppfattningar i samhället gällande diabetes som ett samhällsproblem samt hur medierna därigenom påverkar den allmänna opinionen rörande politiska beslut. Undersökningen har utgått ifrån en kvantitativ innehållsanalys med en samlad empiri bestående av totalt 242 analysenheter från Sveriges fyra största morgonutgivna dagstidningar; Dagens Nyheter, Göteborgs-Posten, Svenska Dagbladet och Sydsvenskan. Materialet har sedan analyserats med hjälp av centrala medie- och kommunikationsvetenskapliga teorier om dagordning och gestaltning med ingående begrepp som orientering, prioritetsöverföring, attribut, objekt, olika dagordningar och perspektiv på gestaltning. Undersökningens resultat visar att det finns en generell otydlighet och spridning i hur diabetes sammantaget gestaltas i tre teman, uppdelat på sammanhang, diabetestyper och aktörer. Sjukdomen gestaltas huvudsakligen som en bisak i texten och det görs överlag ingen skillnad mellan olika diabetestyper, resultat som kan liknas vid tidigare forskning på samma tema. Trots att sjukdomen rimligen skulle utgöra ett relevant objekt, sett till sjukdomens utbredning i Sverige, framgår det i undersökningen att de utvalda tidningarna lyfter diabetes som en mindre betydelsefull och ospecificerad fråga på dagordningen. Tidningarnas oförmåga att gestalta sjukdomen som en betydelsefull fråga kan få långtgående konsekvenser för individ och samhälle, där medierna reproducerar felaktiga föreställningar, snarare än hjälper medborgarna att orientera sig i komplexa samhällsproblem.

The diploma thesis focuses on how the topic of autism is framed in articles published on two Czech internet servers - iDnes.cz and Blesk.cz. However, it also deals with discussions under the various articles, in order to find out what frameworks are in the reader's contributions, and whether there are issues that extend the discourse that speaks of autism. In the theoretical part of the thesis is presented not only the diagnosis of disorders of the autistic spectrum, but also the problems of media representation of otherness or representation of autism in the media. It also includes a more detailed description of the two research methods used, namely discourse analysis and framing. The research section first presents the eleven specific frameworks defined in the articles, devoted to their qualitative evaluation as well as quantitative representation on individual servers in 2016 and 2017. The second half of the empirical part is devoted to the analyzed discussions. In this case, ten major frameworks, as well as their representation on the servers mentioned above, are further elaborated. In the discussion and in the final part of the thesis, the results are compared with the foreign researches, detailed and outlined the possibilities of further research on the given topic.

Frames são dispositivos cognitivos que organizam os sentidos da vida cotidiana. Enquadrar um risco ambiental é fazer mais saliente algumas de suas possibilidades, promovendo uma ou outra interpretação. A dissertação examina como a pauta dos transgênicos foi enquadrada pelos portais Estadão Digital <estadao.com.br> e Folha de S. Paulo <folha.uol.com.br> no período de 1998 a 2015. Para tanto, mediante a análise dos elementos textuais dos artigos (metáforas, escolhas de palavras e argumentos), 1.396 notícias foram classificadas em um dos seguintes frames de notícia: progresso, prospecto econômico, ética, caixa de Pandora, descontrole, natureza, responsabilidade pública e globalização. Os achados revelam que o frame predominante foi \"responsabilidade pública\", especialmente durante o biênio 2003/04 que antecedeu a sanção da \"Lei da Biossegurança\" em 2005. Mas antes de comunicar informações plurais, equilibradas, relacionando antecedentes e pressupostos, avaliando implicações e examinando alternativas e critérios de comparação, a mídia paulista tratou muito mais dos aspectos associados às polêmicas e conflitos políticos nacionais / Frames are cognitive devices that organize the meanings of everyday life. To frame a certain risk is to do more prominent some of its possibilities, promoting one or another interpretation. The research examines how the agenda of transgenic organisms has been framed by the Brazilian online newspapers Estadão Digital <estadao.com.br> and Folha de S. Paulo <folha.uol.com.br> from 1998 to 2015. To do so, an analysis of the internal textual elements (metaphors, selection of words and arguments) presented in the articles was done, resulting in 1.396 classified news according to one of the following news frames: progress, economic prospect, ethics, Pandora\'s box, runaway technology, nature/nurture, public accountability and globalization. The findings suggest that \"public accountability\" was the most frequently frame, especially during the years 2003/04, which preceded the sanction of the \"Biosafety Law\", in March 2005. Thus, despite communicating plural and balanced information, relating antecedent and assumptions, evaluating and examining alternatives criteria, the state of São Paulo\'s press has been dealing much more with the controversies and political conflict aspects of the subject

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-14T14:33:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luiza Santos Soares.pdf: 36773436 bytes, checksum: 7de6ac064cbb5a4ca9f61f4f628395ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-14T14:33:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luiza Santos Soares.pdf: 36773436 bytes, checksum: 7de6ac064cbb5a4ca9f61f4f628395ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-31 / Nenhuma / A pesquisa mostra como o jornal Zero Hora narrou a "Retomada da Terra Indígena de Nonoai", no período de 1990 a 1992. Veremos que 79% do material mostra a construção de um sentido depreciativo para o povo Kaingang. Além de construções históricas como o "arquivo colonial", de onde brotam as palavras perigosos canibais e cachaceiros, existem outros enquadramentos que contribuem para que se perpetuem tensões entre povos indígenas e sociedade envolvente. Com uma espécie de denúncia contra este tratamento, busca-se quebrar os sentidos constituídos até então, e desconstruir a expressões ainda em voga, do tipo, "índio é tudo a mesma coisa", ou "muita terra para pouco índio". / The research shows how the daily newspaper Zero Hora narrates the “Takeback of the Indian land of Nonoai”, from 1990 to 1992. We shall see that 79% of the material shows a depreciative construction about the Kaingang people. In adition to historical constructions like the “colonial archives”, from where words like: dangerous, cannibals, and drunkards sprout from, there are other frameworks that contribute for the perpetuation of tension between Indian people and the involving society. With a sort of complaint against such treatment, it is sought to break the constituted senses so far, and deconstitute still used expressions as in “Indians are all the same” and “much land for less Indian”.

Frames são dispositivos cognitivos que organizam os sentidos da vida cotidiana. Enquadrar um risco ambiental é fazer mais saliente algumas de suas possibilidades, promovendo uma ou outra interpretação. A dissertação examina como a pauta dos transgênicos foi enquadrada pelos portais Estadão Digital <estadao.com.br> e Folha de S. Paulo <folha.uol.com.br> no período de 1998 a 2015. Para tanto, mediante a análise dos elementos textuais dos artigos (metáforas, escolhas de palavras e argumentos), 1.396 notícias foram classificadas em um dos seguintes frames de notícia: progresso, prospecto econômico, ética, caixa de Pandora, descontrole, natureza, responsabilidade pública e globalização. Os achados revelam que o frame predominante foi \"responsabilidade pública\", especialmente durante o biênio 2003/04 que antecedeu a sanção da \"Lei da Biossegurança\" em 2005. Mas antes de comunicar informações plurais, equilibradas, relacionando antecedentes e pressupostos, avaliando implicações e examinando alternativas e critérios de comparação, a mídia paulista tratou muito mais dos aspectos associados às polêmicas e conflitos políticos nacionais / Frames are cognitive devices that organize the meanings of everyday life. To frame a certain risk is to do more prominent some of its possibilities, promoting one or another interpretation. The research examines how the agenda of transgenic organisms has been framed by the Brazilian online newspapers Estadão Digital <estadao.com.br> and Folha de S. Paulo <folha.uol.com.br> from 1998 to 2015. To do so, an analysis of the internal textual elements (metaphors, selection of words and arguments) presented in the articles was done, resulting in 1.396 classified news according to one of the following news frames: progress, economic prospect, ethics, Pandora\'s box, runaway technology, nature/nurture, public accountability and globalization. The findings suggest that \"public accountability\" was the most frequently frame, especially during the years 2003/04, which preceded the sanction of the \"Biosafety Law\", in March 2005. Thus, despite communicating plural and balanced information, relating antecedent and assumptions, evaluating and examining alternatives criteria, the state of São Paulo\'s press has been dealing much more with the controversies and political conflict aspects of the subject