Thesis (D. Min.)--Harding University Graduate School of Religion, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-149).

Tomträtt är en form av nyttjanderätt till en fastighet. Det innebär att fastighetens ägare, vanligtvis en kommun eller staten, låter tomträttshavaren nyttja fastigheten mot att en årlig tomträttsavgäld erläggs. Tomträttsavgälden fastställs genom ett tomträttsavtal mellan fastighetsägaren och tomträttshavaren. Den fastställda tomträttsavgälden gäller för en avgäldsperiod om 10 eller 20 år. Långa avgäldsperioder i kombination med en fastighetsmarknad med stigande priser gör att avgälden vid en ny avgäldsperiod sannolikt kan komma att höjas avsevärt. En tomträttshavare kan likväl välja att friköpa sin tomträtt. Ett friköp av en tomträtt innebär att tomträttshavaren förvärvar fastigheten av fastighetsägaren och bildar en småhusfastighet.      Syftet med studien är att ge en ökad förståelse och kunskap till de tomträttshavare som står inför beslutet av att behålla tomträtten eller friköpa den. Målet med arbetet är att ge kunskap om när den ekonomiska lönsamheten av att friköpa en tomträtt kan anses vara uppnådd. Ett andra mål till studien är att utifrån tomträttshavarens perspektiv belysa de bakomliggande motiven till varför en småhustomträtt friköps.   Studien avgränsas till att beröra friliggande småhustomträtter inom tre geografiska områden i Gävle kommun. Den ekonomiska lönsamheten med att friköpa en småhustomträtt undersöks utifrån en innehavssituation respektive överlåtelsesituation. För att närmare undersöka varför en tomträttshavare väljer att friköpa en tomträtt genomförs kvalitativa telefonintervjuer.   Utifrån studiens resultat kan det konstateras att det sannolikt är ekonomiskt motiverat att friköpa en småhustomträtt om priset för att förvärva tomten är lika med eller lägre än det belopp som symboliserar brytpunkten för ekonomisk lönsamhet. Av de för studien tillfrågade respondenterna var det enskilt största motivet till varför en tomträttshavare väljer att friköpa sin tomträtt på grund av den osäkerhet som följer av utvecklingen kring tomträttsavgälden. / Site-leasehold right is a form of access to a property. This means that the owner of the property, usually a municipality or the state, let a site-leaseholder use the property against an annual ground rent. A ground rent is determined by a site-leasehold agreement between the owner of the property and the site-leaseholder. The fixed ground rents are for a period of 10 or 20 years. Long periods of rents combined with a real estate market with rising prices means that the ground rent at a new period of ground rent can be increased considerably. The site-leaseholder may well choose to redeem their long lease. To buy the freehold of a site-leasehold means that the site-leaseholder acquires the property of the property owner and form a new single-family real estate.  The purpose of the study is to provide a better understanding and knowledge of the site lessee facing the decision to retain the site-leasehold or redeem it. The goal of the project is to provide knowledge about when the economic viability of redeeming a siteleasehold may be deemed attained. Another goal is based on the site-leaseholders perspectives consider to highlighting the underlying reasons why a single-family siteleasehold redeemed.   The study is limited to detached single-family site-leaseholds in three geographical areas in the municipality of Gävle. The economic viability of redeeming single-family site-leasehold examined from the site-leasehold executiver's decision to sell or retain the site-leasehold. To examine more closely why a site lessee chooses to redeem the siteleasehold conducted qualitative telephone interviews.  From the results based on the study, it can be concluded that it is likely to be economically justified to redeem a single-family site-leasehold on the price of acquiring the plot is equal to or less than the amount that symbolizes the breaking point of economic viability. Of the respondents surveyed for the study the single biggest reason for why a site lessee chooses to redeem his site-leasehold was because of the uncertainty arising from the developments around the ground rent.

By using transaction data of sold cooperative apartments in the municipality of Stockholm,Sweden, during the year 2021, we find that leasehold status has a statistically significant impacton apartment prices in the inner city of -3.6% and in the outer city of -6.8% when controllingfor conventional apartment characteristics and location in a hedonic model. We also find theremaining time of the ground leasehold contract to have a statistically significant impact of0.42% per additional year that remains until renegotiation. We also find that the impact ofground leasehold differs depending on location. Further, we find that freehold transactionswould impact the prices of apartments differently in the inner city compared to the outer city.Consequently, the necessary increases in the monthly fees to enable a freehold transaction aregreater in the inner city compared to the outer city in average in a scenario analysis. We add toprevious research by using more recent data and a wider geographical area. Last, we simulatethe impact on apartment prices if a housing cooperative bought the land. We find considerablevariation among housing cooperatives on leased land, for when a purchase would be profitable. / Med hjälp av transaktionsdata av sålda bostadsrättslägenheter i Stockholms kommun, Sverige,under år 2021 finner vi att tomträttsstatusen har en statistiskt signifikant påverkan pålägenhetspriser i innerstaden om -3.6% och i ytterstaden om -6.8% när vi kontrollerar förkonventionella attribut och läge i en hedonistisk modell. Vi finner även att den kvarvarandetiden på tomträttsavtalet har en statistisk signifikant påverkan om 0.42% per kvarvarande år tillomförhandling av tomträttsavtalet och att påverkan av tomträttsstatusen varierar beroende påläge. Vidare finner vi att friköp påverkar bostadsrättspriserna olika i innerstaden och iytterstaden samt att den nödvändiga höjningen av månadsavgiften vid friköp, i snitt är högre iinnerstaden jämfört med ytterstaden genom en scenarioanalys. Genom att använda data från ensenare tidperiod och större geografiskt område, tar vi vid där tidigare studier lämnat.Scenarioanalysen bidrar ytterligare till kunskapen i området genom att simulera effekten pålägenheter av att bostadsrättsföreningen köper marken. Vi finner stor variation i hur lönsamtett köp skulle vara.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The thesis examines the characteristics of land tenure among African families with freehold title who trace their relationship to the land to their forebears who first acquired title in the mid-nineteenth century. The evidence was drawn from two field sites in the Eastern Cape, Fingo Village, Grahamstown and Rabula in the Keiskammahoek district of the former Ciskei. The evidence, supported by evidence in other Anglophone countries, shows that African familial relationships reminiscent of ‘customary’ concepts of the family, were not, and are not extinguished when title is issued, though they are altered. Africans with title regard the land as family property held by unilineal descent groups, challenging the western notion of one-to-one proprietal relationships to the land and its devolution. By exploring the intersection between tenure, use and devolution of land, the main findings reveal that local conceptions of land and use diverge considerably from the formal, legal notion of title. Title holders conceive of their land as the property of all recognised members of a patrilineally defined descent group symbolised by the family name. Because freehold is so intimately linked with inheritance, the findings significantly illuminate the social field of gender and kinship. The implications of the findings are that differing concepts of the ‘family’ and ‘property’ are fundamental to the lack of ‘fit’ between the common-law concept of ownership and what I term in the thesis ‘African freehold’. The thesis dissects the implications of culturally constructed variability in familial identities for recognition and transmission of property. Title is legally regulated by Eurocentric notions of both family and property, which lead to significant divergence between western and African interpretations of ownership, transmission and spatial division of land. The deficiencies of the South African legal mindset with regard to property law are thus fundamentally affected by the deficiencies in recognising the broader field of gender and kinship relations. The findings fundamentally challenge the dualistic paradigm currently prevalent in much of South African legal thinking, since the factors that are found to affect land tenure relationships cannot be reduced to the binary distinctions that are conventionally drawn in law, such as ‘western’ vs. ‘customary’ or ‘individual’ vs. iii ‘communal’ tenure. Instead, the important sources of validation of social (importantly, familial) and property relationships are found to be common to all property relationships, but are arranged and calibrated according to different normative patterns of recognition. In the case of the subjects in the field sites, these do not fit into the main ‘categories’ of property defined in law. Neither of the main bodies of official law, the common law and customary law, adequately characterise the relationships among the African freehold title holders. The source of legitimation is, therefore, not the ‘law’ but locally understood norms and practices. The findings suggest that the practices of the freeholders, derived from constructed ideas of kinship and descent, have relevance for a wide range of diverse African land tenure arrangements and categories, and not only ‘African freehold’. The findings therefore have significant implications for law reform more broadly. The thesis suggests that law reform should move away from models that do not match reality, and in particular should heed the warnings that titling policies as presently designed are particularly poorly aligned with the realities presented in the thesis.

Rapid growth of cities has become a trend in most countries, this is caused by urbanisation wherein people move from the rural areas to the urban areas in search of employment. It goes without saying that such population needs housing. However, it is unusual to find land for housing in an already crowded place. Therefore, to curb this shortage in housing, countries like South Africa have resorted to adoption of fragmented property holding in and around the cities. Thus, in an attempt to curtail housing shortages in the urban area as well as land shortage, communal property schemes were adopted together with their governing legislation namely, Sectional Titles Act 95 of 1986, Share Blocks Act 59 of 1980 and Property Time-sharing Control Act 75 of 1983 to name a few. Likewise, Maseru, the capital city of Lesotho is also experiencing rapid growth in population. Hence, with the introduction of Lesotho’s Sectional Titles Bill 2013 came a ray of hope that the land and housing shortage in Maseru would be addressed. With this in mind, this suggested that the Government of Lesotho together with all concerned stakeholders thought it necessary to address this problem through the 2013 Bill which, for the most part follows the South African Sectional Titles Act of 1986. It is for this reason that this study was embarked on to show other forms of property holding akin to sectional titles as well as their regulation, which can all be used to eliminate housing shortages in Lesotho. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Rapid growth of cities has become a trend in most countries, this is caused by urbanisation wherein people move from the rural areas to the urban areas in search of employment. It goes without saying that such population needs housing. However, it is unusual to find land for housing in an already crowded place. Therefore, to curb this shortage in housing, countries like South Africa have resorted to adoption of fragmented property holding in and around the cities. Thus, in an attempt to curtail housing shortages in the urban area as well as land shortage, communal property schemes were adopted together with their governing legislation namely, Sectional Titles Act 95 of 1986, Share Blocks Act 59 of 1980 and Property Time-sharing Control Act 75 of 1983 to name a few. Likewise, Maseru, the capital city of Lesotho is also experiencing rapid growth in population. Hence, with the introduction of Lesotho’s Sectional Titles Bill 2013 came a ray of hope that the land and housing shortage in Maseru would be addressed. With this in mind, this suggested that the Government of Lesotho together with all concerned stakeholders thought it necessary to address this problem through the 2013 Bill which, for the most part follows the South African Sectional Titles Act of 1986. It is for this reason that this study was embarked on to show other forms of property holding akin to sectional titles as well as their regulation, which can all be used to eliminate housing shortages in Lesotho. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This thesis contends that; in mainstream rural residential development around the Australian Capital Territory, use of community title guidelines for sub-division should consider social processes and environmental considerations along-side economic imperatives and interactions. Community title is a form of land tenure that allows for private freehold ownership of land as well as community owned land within the one sub-division. In New South Wales, community title was introduced in 1990 under the Community Land Development Act 1989 (NSW) and the Community Land Management Act 1989 (NSW). Since the introduction of community title, upwards of one hundred and fifty developments, ranging from just a few blocks to the size of small suburbs, have been approved throughout the state. The original aim of community title was to provide a legal framework that underpinned theme-based broad-acre development. Themebased development could include a Permaculture© village, a rural retreat for likeminded equine enthusiasts, or even a medieval village. Community title is also seen as an expedient form of land tenure for both developers and shire councils. Under community title, a developer only has to submit a single development application for a multi-stage development. This can significantly reduce a developer's exposure to risk. From a shire council's perspective, common land and resources within a development, which would otherwise revert to council responsibility for management, becomes the collective responsibility of all the land owners within the development, effectively obviating council from any responsibility for management of that land. Community title is also being touted in planning and policy as a way of achieving 'sustainable' environmental management in new subdivisions. The apparent expediency of community title has meant that development under these guidelines has very quickly moved beyond theme-based development into mainstream rural residential development. Community title effectively provides a framework for participatory governance of these developments. The rules governing a community title development are set out in the management statement, which is submitted to the local council and the state government with the development application. A community association, which includes all lot owners, manages the development. Unless written into the original development application, the council has no role in the management of the common land and resources. This thesis looks at the peri-urban zone around one of Australia's fastest growing cities - Canberra, whose population growth and relative affluence is impacting on rural residential activity in the shires surrounding the Australian Capital Territory. Yarrowlumla Shire, immediately adjacent to the ACT, has experienced a 362 percent increase in population since 1971. Much of this growth has been in the form of rural residential or hobby farm development. Since 1990, about fifteen percent of the development in Yarrowlumla Shire has been community title. The Yass Shire, to the north of the ACT, has shown a forty five percent population increase since 1971. Community title in that shire has accounted for over fifty percent of development since 1990. The thesis case study is set in Yass Shire. The major research question addressed in the thesis is; does community title, within the context of rural residential development around the Australian Capital Territory, facilitate community-based environmental management and education? Subsidiary questions are; what are the issues in and around rural residential developments within the context of the study, who are the stakeholders and what role do they play and; what skills and support are required to facilitate community-based environmental management and education within the context of the study area? To answer the research questions I undertook an interpretive case study, using ethnographic methods, of rural residential development near the village of Murrumbateman in the Yass Shire, thirty kilometres north of Canberra. At the time of the study, which was undertaken in 1996, the developments involved had been established for about four years. The case study revealed that, as a result of stakeholders and residents not being prepared for the management implications of community title, un-necessary conflict was created between residents and between residents and stakeholders. Community-based environmental management issues were not considered until these issues of conflict were addressed and residents had spent enough time in the estates to familiarise themselves with their environment and with each other. Once residents realised that decisions made by the community association could affect them, there developed a desire to participate in the process of management. Eventually, earlier obstacles were overcome and a sense of community began to develop through involvement in the community association. As residents became more involved, the benefits of having ownership of the community association began to emerge. However, this research found that management of a broad acre rural residential development under community title was far more complicated than any of the stakeholders, or any but the most legally minded residents, were prepared for.

Samverkan fastigheter emellan förekommer i flera olika former. En gemensamhetsanläggning utgör en sådan samverkansform, vilken inrättas för att tillgodose ändamål av stadigvarande betydelse för flera fastigheter. Ändamålen som en gemensamhetsanläggning inrättas för är vitt skilda och består ofta av anläggningar som utgör tillbehör till en fastighet, däribland fastighetstillbehör. Med en gemensamhetsanläggning följer rätten till utrymme för att de deltagande fastigheterna ska kunna förvalta anläggningen på ett ändamålsenligt sätt. Dock övergår inte äganderätten till de deltagande fastigheterna automatiskt vid inrättandet av en gemensamhetsanläggning.   Innan år 2002 sågs fastighet och dess tillbehör som en äganderättslig enhet, vilka enbart kunde åtskiljas genom att tillbehöret fysiskt flyttades från fastigheten. Bestämmelser som möjliggjorde överföring av fastighetstillbehör och äganderätt till anläggningssamfälligheten infördes i fastighetsbildningslagen (FBL) och anläggningslagen (AL). Även bestämmelse om möjlighet till frigörande av fastighetstillbehör infördes samtidigt i ledningsrättslagen (LL). I propositionen Överföring av fastighetstillbehör 2000/01:138 motiverades införandet av lagändringarna med att en rad oklarheter skulle kunna undvikas rörande fastighetstillbehöret. Dessa utgjordes av oklarhet kring underhållsansvar, ansvar att teckna försäkring, upplåtelse av nyttjanderätt, rätt att bygga om och bygga ut, samt utnyttjande av pantsättningsmöjligheten.   Att äga sin egen fastighet har alltid varit viktigt, inte enbart för den enskilde individen, utan även för samhällets utveckling. Ägandet skapar incitament att lägga ner tid, energi och pengar i sin fastighet, vilket i sin tur genererar ett högre fastighetsvärde. Trots detta är bostadsrätten en vanlig bostadsform i Sverige. Möjlighet finns dock att genom likvidation av bostadsrättsföreningen och avstyckning av fastigheten bilda nya enskilda fastigheter. För de utrymmen och anläggningar som tidigare varit gemensamma kvarstår dock behovet av att även i fortsättning kunna utnyttjas gemensamt. I praktiken är det endast fastighetsgränserna och ägandeformen som ändrats, inte de fysiska förutsättningarna. Genom inrättande av en gemensamhetsanläggning tillgodoses detta behov. För att även kunna överföra äganderätten till de deltagande fastigheterna finns möjligheten att tillämpa AL 12 a §.   Denna studie undersöker vad som varit avgörande för om AL 12 a § tillämpats och vilka fastighetstillbehör som vanligen överförts. För gemensamhetsanläggningar är ansvar ett centralt begrepp. Studien undersöker hur ansvaret kring försäkringsfrågan påverkas om överföring med stöd av AL 12 a § sker eller inte. För att kunna reda ut ansvarsfrågan var det viktigt att försöka förstå vad som skiljer rätten till utrymme från äganderätten. Resultatet visar att överföring av fastighetstillbehör med stöd av AL 12 a § förekommit i 17 av de 45 insamlade förrättningsakterna. De fastighetstillbehör som vanligen överförts var framförallt VA-ledningar, men också dagvattenledningar, utomhusbelysning, medieanläggningar i form av kabel-tv, bredband, fiber och centralantenn, samt körytor såsom väg och utfart. Avgörande för om AL 12 a § tillämpas är förrättningslantmätarens inställning till, och kunskap om bestämmelsen. Vad gäller ansvar kring försäkringsfrågan anses anläggningssamfällighetens förvaltningsform av större betydelse än om överföring kommit till stånd eller inte. Rätten till utrymme skiljer sig obetydligt från äganderätten i detta sammanhang, eftersom försäkringsvillkoren utgår från ansvaret för fastighetstillbehöret och inte själva äganderätten. Överföringen av fastighetstillbehöret saknar därför praktisk betydelse. Föreningsförvaltning anses i sammanhanget lämpligare än delägarförvaltning. Valet av förvaltningsform är viktigare ju dyrare fastighetstillbehöret är och ju större nytta det utgör för de i gemensamhetsanläggningen deltagande fastigheterna. / The interaction of properties exist in several different forms. A joint facility forms such a form of cooperation, which is set up to accommodate purposes of constant importance for several properties. The purposes for which a joint facility is set up are widely different and often consist of facilities that make up a property, including property fixtures. With a joint facility follows the right to space for the participating properties to manage the facility appropriately.   However, ownership of the participating properties will not automatically change when setting up a joint facility. Before 2002, property and its fixtures were seen as an ownership unit, which could only be separated by the physical removal of the fixture from the property. Regulations that allowed the transfer of property fixtures and property rights to the facility were introduced in the Real Property Formation Act (FBL) and the Joint Facilities Act (AL). Even regulation on the possibility of release of property fixtures was introduced simultaneously in the Utility Easements Act (LL).   In the government bill Transfer of property fixtures 2000/01: 138, the introduction of the legislative changes was motivated by the fact that a number of uncertainties could be avoided regarding the property fixtures. These consisted of uncertainties about maintenance responsibility, liability to subscribe for insurance, assignment of use rights, the right to rebuild and expand, as well as the use of the mortgaging.  Owning your own property has always been important not only for the individual but also for the development of society. The ownership creates incentives to spend time, energy and money on your property, which in turn generates a higher property value. Nevertheless, tenant-ownership is a common housing form in Sweden. However, it is possible to create new individual properties through liquidation of the tenant-ownership and the subdivision of the property. However, for those spaces and facilities that has previously been common, the need remains for common use. In practice, only the property boundaries and ownership have changed, not the physical conditions. Establishment of a joint facility meets this need. In order to also transfer ownership of the participating properties there is the possibility of applying AL 12 a §.   This study investigates what has been crucial for whether AL 12 a § has been applied and which property fixtures are usually transferred. Responsibility for joint facilities is a key concept. The study examines how responsibility for the insurance issue is affected if transfer under AL 12 a § happens or not. In order to answer the question of liability, it was important to try to understand what separates the right to space from ownership. The result shows that transfer of property fixtures under AL 12 a § occurred in 17 of the 45 gathered acts of execution. The property fixtures that were usually transferred were mainly VA-pipelines but also watercourses, outdoor lighting, media installations in the form of cable TV, broadband, fiber and central antenna, as well as driving areas such as road and exit. The decisive factor in applying AL 12 a § is the attitude of the cadastral surveyor, and knowledge of the regulation.  Regarding the liability of the insurance issue, the joint property unit of the facility is considered to be of greater significance than if the transfer has taken place or not. The right to space differs slightly from ownership in this context, as the insurance terms are based on the responsibility for property fixtures and not the property rights themselves. The transfer of the property fixtures therefore lacks practical significance. Associations management is considered more appropriate in this context than part-owner management. The choice of management form is more important, the more expensive the property fixtures are and the more useful it is for the properties participating in the joint venture.

Southern Africa is experiencing land conflicts themselves in very different ways between state and stakeholders, within and between communities, within families, and specially within singular persons. The conflict of interests in the right to land in southern Africa with particular reference to Mozambique becoming a major issue and evidence conflicts at various levels of society and some of them are quite destructive. The present thesis seeks to address some juridical aspects on access, tenure and land use rights. Land problems have clear roots in the dispossession of Africans under colonialism and apartheid, and the powerful legacy this has left both in terms of outright suffering and also in the historical memory. Land issues are probably the most contentious topic in Mozambique since the independence in 1975. In Southern Africa and Mozambique in particular, one of the most profound causes of such struggles has related to the tenure, the ownership and control of land. In fact the right to land is the major issue in many societies and in Mozambique the unlimited interest in land are quite similar, due the fact that majority of people are peasant or agriculturists. Land is therefore a very strategic socio-economic asset, particularly in poor societies like Mozambique where wealth and survival are measured by control of and access to land. However, land is also a state symbol and source of political influence and power. The Law in Mozambique retains the principle that land is the property of the state and cannot be sold or mortgaged, but it attempts to adjust this legacy from the socialist past to the reality of a market economy. Despite existing land law the government still not enable to control the access and right of use of land. The situation is compounded by a weak or non functioning judiciary system. / Os problemas sobre o direito de acesso, posse, propriedade, uso e aproveitamento da Terra, constituem matéria de debate actual a nível internacional, com realce para a região da Africa Austral e Moçambique em especial. É uma matéria que preocupa os governos e a população em geral, por a terra ser um bem de grande utilidade sócio-económica e política. Moçambique possui um regime jurídico sobre terra (lei nº-19/97 de 1 de Outubro, seu Regulamento e Anexo Técnico), no entanto, ela é lacunosa e carece de reforma afim de se adaptar à realidade dos problemas que se levantam no âmbito da posse, uso e aproveitamento e dos conflitos emergentes. Alguns factores do surgimento de conflitos no âmbito do processo da posse, uso e aproveitamento da terra resultam no entanto, da perda de confiança dos particulares em relação aos órgãos do aparelho do Estado que lidam com matérias sobre terras, devido a burocracia e a corrupção praticada por alguns funcionários. A terra em Moçambique é propriedade do Estado, o que implica uma maior responsabilidade por parte do governo, na sua gestão. O actual regime jurídico sobre a terra, carece de concertação de alguns aspectos fundamentais do ponto de vista legal. Trata-se da harmonização da legislação pertinente sobre terras. As leis promulgadas sobre a matéria embora defendem a necessidade de gestão da terra que beneficie os seus utilizadores, tal vontade, entretanto, não têm produzido efeitos satisfatórios. É, pois, neste contexto, que a presente tese cujo título é Alguns Aspectos do Regime Jurídico da posse e do Direito de uso e aproveitamento da terra e os conflitos emergentes em Mçambique, pretende contribuir na contínua abordagem sobre a problemática da posse da terra e dos conflitos emergentes. Bem gerida, a terra pode constituir um importante factor de paz, estabilidade sócio-política e de desenvolvimento económico. / Public Constitutional and International Law / Thesis (LL.D. )

Southern Africa is experiencing land conflicts themselves in very different ways between state and stakeholders, within and between communities, within families, and specially within singular persons. The conflict of interests in the right to land in southern Africa with particular reference to Mozambique becoming a major issue and evidence conflicts at various levels of society and some of them are quite destructive. The present thesis seeks to address some juridical aspects on access, tenure and land use rights. Land problems have clear roots in the dispossession of Africans under colonialism and apartheid, and the powerful legacy this has left both in terms of outright suffering and also in the historical memory. Land issues are probably the most contentious topic in Mozambique since the independence in 1975. In Southern Africa and Mozambique in particular, one of the most profound causes of such struggles has related to the tenure, the ownership and control of land. In fact the right to land is the major issue in many societies and in Mozambique the unlimited interest in land are quite similar, due the fact that majority of people are peasant or agriculturists. Land is therefore a very strategic socio-economic asset, particularly in poor societies like Mozambique where wealth and survival are measured by control of and access to land. However, land is also a state symbol and source of political influence and power. The Law in Mozambique retains the principle that land is the property of the state and cannot be sold or mortgaged, but it attempts to adjust this legacy from the socialist past to the reality of a market economy. Despite existing land law the government still not enable to control the access and right of use of land. The situation is compounded by a weak or non functioning judiciary system. / Os problemas sobre o direito de acesso, posse, propriedade, uso e aproveitamento da Terra, constituem matéria de debate actual a nível internacional, com realce para a região da Africa Austral e Moçambique em especial. É uma matéria que preocupa os governos e a população em geral, por a terra ser um bem de grande utilidade sócio-económica e política. Moçambique possui um regime jurídico sobre terra (lei nº-19/97 de 1 de Outubro, seu Regulamento e Anexo Técnico), no entanto, ela é lacunosa e carece de reforma afim de se adaptar à realidade dos problemas que se levantam no âmbito da posse, uso e aproveitamento e dos conflitos emergentes. Alguns factores do surgimento de conflitos no âmbito do processo da posse, uso e aproveitamento da terra resultam no entanto, da perda de confiança dos particulares em relação aos órgãos do aparelho do Estado que lidam com matérias sobre terras, devido a burocracia e a corrupção praticada por alguns funcionários. A terra em Moçambique é propriedade do Estado, o que implica uma maior responsabilidade por parte do governo, na sua gestão. O actual regime jurídico sobre a terra, carece de concertação de alguns aspectos fundamentais do ponto de vista legal. Trata-se da harmonização da legislação pertinente sobre terras. As leis promulgadas sobre a matéria embora defendem a necessidade de gestão da terra que beneficie os seus utilizadores, tal vontade, entretanto, não têm produzido efeitos satisfatórios. É, pois, neste contexto, que a presente tese cujo título é Alguns Aspectos do Regime Jurídico da posse e do Direito de uso e aproveitamento da terra e os conflitos emergentes em Mçambique, pretende contribuir na contínua abordagem sobre a problemática da posse da terra e dos conflitos emergentes. Bem gerida, a terra pode constituir um importante factor de paz, estabilidade sócio-política e de desenvolvimento económico. / Public Constitutional and International Law / Thesis (LL.D. )