Mitt syfte med denna studie är att undersöka och beskriva hur genus kan konstrueras i barnlitteratur. Studien avhandlar hur genus framställs och konstrueras i två stycken skönlitterära böcker som är skrivna för barn i åldersgruppen 6-9 år. Som metod har jag använt en diskursanalys vilket är en kvalitativ textanalys. Mina resultat visar en ganska stereotyp framställning av genus även om det görs små avsteg från normerna. Jag ser en risk i att barnen kan påverkas av dessa stereotypa framställningar och att de tvingas in i genusordningen utan att få möjlighet att utveckla identiteter med breda genuspositioner. Karaktärerna i min studie visade upp både feminina och maskulina drag vilket jag tror är ett problem som återfinns i alla genusstereotyper och inte enbart i litterära sammanhang Jag upplevde det problematiskt att strikt tolka karaktärerna mot ett motsatsschema. Det jag ändå kom fram till i mina slutsatser är att jag håller med den tidigare forskningen om att värderingar återfinns i barnlitteraturen, samt att den kan både utmana och förstärka normer som finns i samhället.

The overall aim of the study is to investigate how a social and collective memory is mobilized by the directors’ depiction of ethnicity and gender roles from a post- colonial and gender perspective. The thesis focuses on how ethnicity and gender roles are depicted in each movie and how this results in a mobilization of a social and collective memory. The results show that Django Unchained mobilizes a memory by its use of the invective nigger and iconic acts of slavery, such as whipping and cotton picking. From a gender perspective, the results show that men worked with jobs that required more strength, compared to the jobs of women and thus mobilizes a memory of how we remember the gender roles of slaves. Nevertheless, these memories can result in traumas and to recover from them, memories must be revisited. Similarly, yet differently, the results show that 12 Years a Slave mobilizes a memory by its use of the invective nigger and by the use of songs that solidified the hierarchy present during slavery. In other words, these songs were used to exhibit the level of supremacy Caucasians possessed from a post-colonial perspective. The conclusion drawn in the study is that 12 Years a Slave, as a historical source, provides audiences with considerably more authenticity compared to Django Unchained. Therefore an individual might feel as if he or she has lived the life of Solomon Northup and experienced and endured everything he did.

One major question in the area of Feminist Media Studies is to analyze the stereotypical female role portrayals in media. Researchers in this area have examined diverse media including television, radio, films, textbooks, literature and so on. Empirical evidence provided by these studies shows that women in media are often underrepresented or stereotypically portrayed in traditional roles such as housewives or mothers associated with feminine values, such as dependent, submissive, and passive. Using content analysis and semiotic analysis, this study is designed to examine the portrayals of female roles in a sample of contemporary (1949-2010) Chinese films. Content analysis is employed to examine how women have been portrayed in films, with the primary focus on the frequency of three types of female roles including (1) traditional roles, (2) modern role, and (3) ideal role. Results suggest that during this long period of time, representations and constructions of women in films have shifted from promotion of gender equality, to diminishing and erasing gender difference, and finally regressed to confining them to traditional roles while emphasizing traditional feminine values and expectations. In using semiotic analysis, this research is able to outline the connotative meanings of the female characters as well as the implicit cultural values and messages of gender that are embedded in films. On this cultural analysis, the findings reveal that female role portrayals in films, which are influenced by political, cultural, and social changes, remained associated with traditional feminine stereotypes, values, and expectations.

This study sets out from the premise that the fantastic, in the hands of the women writers with feminist awareness,can be used as a tool to subvert patriarchal gender roles that are culturally constructed. The dissertation aims at analysing the fantastic novels by Angela Carter, The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman and Nights at the Circus, and by Jeannette Winterson, The Passion and The.PowerBook as examples in which the transgression of gender roles is achieved through the use of fantastic images. The analysis of the fantastic images in these novels is confined to the definitions by Tzetvan Todorov and Rosemary Jackson. The study asserts that through an efficient use of the fantastic mode, both Carter and Winterson negate culturally dominant notions of reality, whereby they resist the cultural constructions of gender. Within the framework of this dissertation, some concepts like the New Woman, historiographic metafiction, the lesbian continuum and compulsory heterosexualism are also studied where they become indispensable to the role that the fantastic images play. Thus, this study identifies each fantastic image in the novels studied with its possible cultural and political implications so that the &ldquo / un-seen&rdquo / of the culture, a term suggested by Jackson, can be seen. In other words, the study concentrates on the subversive nature of the fantastic images so as to see the ways in which the rigid boundaries of the gender roles in patriarchy can be transgressed

In this thesis, the systematic usage of sexual violence towards women as a weapon during the Yugoslavian Civil War is analyzed. The study attempts to underline the role of gender identities of women during the Civil War as a means for the victimization of women through sexual violence, especially mass rapes. It is argued that with the disintegration of Yugoslavia, as men clashed for power, the portrayal of women as mothers and carriers of the nation under the nationalistic discourse caused these women to become the primary targets of the war. It is also argued that the primary aim of rape as a weapon of ethnic cleansing during the war was to destroy the harmony and unity of the enemy by dishonoring and violating their women.

Svenska kvinnor sjukskrivs oftare än män till följd av utmattningssyndrom och det sociala stödet har visat sig vara viktigt för återhämtningen. Studiens syfte var att undersöka effekten av högskolestudenters kön och tidigare akademiska prestationer på andra studenters allvarsuppfattningar av symptom och empatiska respons, när målpersonerna uppvisar symptom på utmattningssyndrom. En vinjettstudie med enkäter i fyra versioner genomfördes, där målpersoners kön och prestationer hade manipulerats. Två skalor för skattning av empati respektive allvarsuppfattning användes. Deltagarna var 84 (n män = 40, n kvinnor = 42, n annat = 2) högskolestudenter i åldrarna 20 - 40 år (M = 25.3, SD = 4.93). Resultatet visade att kvinnliga målpersoner väckte mer empati än manliga. Inga skillnader i allvarsuppfattning eller effekter av målpersoners tidigare prestationer kunde beläggas. Ytterligare forskning behövs för att se om effekten på empati finns i andra populationer som exempelvis yrkesverksamma, arbetsgivare eller anställda inom psykiatrin.

Det svenska samhället präglas av en jämställdhetsdebatt där regeringen genom sociopolitiska åtgärder aktivt arbetar med att jämställa kvinnor och män. Det har skett förändringar i hur faderskapet och pappans roll framställs i samhället vilket resulterar i nya attribut på rollen som pappa. Denna studie syftar till att beskriva och skapa förståelse för mäns upplevelser av rollen som pappa. Studien är av kvalitativ ansats och genomförd med hjälp av tio semistrukturerade intervjuer. Teoretiska utgångspunkter är rolltagande och socialisation, normer köns- och genusroller samt rollkonflikt. Urvalsgruppen består av män som blivit pappor efter senaste revideringen i föräldraförsäkringslagen 2016-01-01 och är sammanboende med barnets mamma. Datan analyserades med hjälp av fenomenologisk analys. Resultatet visade att männen upplevde rollen som pappa präglad av ansvar, delaktighet och jämställd med den andre föräldern. Männen upplevde att det tog tid att socialiseras in i rollen som pappa där den sociala omgivningen och normer samt den egna pappans antagande av rollen som pappa påverkade. Männen upplevde att traditionella könsroller allt mer suddas ut vilket resulterade i förändrade attityder från omgivningen där främst arbetsgivarens stödjande förhållningssätt beskrevs uppmuntrande till att ta ut föräldraledighet. / The Swedish society is characterized of an ongoing gender equal debate where the government through social policy measures is actively working on equating men and women. There have been many changes about how fatherhood and the father's role is portrayed in the society which results in new attribute to the father’s role. This qualitative study aims to describe how men experience their role as a father in contemporary time. The study uses ten semi-structured interviews as an instrument. Role-takingand socialization, norms and gender roles and role-conflict, social normsand gender roleis constituted as theoretical framework. The sample consists of men who have children born after the latest revision of parental leave insurance 2016-01-01 and are cohabiting with the child’s mother. The data were analyzed by using a phenomenological analysis. The result showed that the men perceived their role as a father as being characterized by responsibility, participation and equal to the other parent. The men perceived that it took time to socialize in to the role as a father were the social environment, norms and also their own fathers role affected them when taking on the role as a father. The traditional gender roles are changing which results in transformed attitudes from the social environment where mainly the employers supporting approach was described to encourage the respondents to take out parental leave.

Previous research has shown that traditional gender patterns and gender roles are being reproduced by adults and society. Gender patterns is something that is discovered in for example children’s play pattern while gender roles are attributed to the way a girl or a boy is considered to behave. This study investigates four preschool teachers’ perceptions of their own gender equality work, how they understand the terms “gender patterns” and “gender roles” and how the new Swedish preschool curriculum effects their work against inequality between boys and girls. Qualitative interview has been used as a method and then the preschool teachers’ answers have been compared and categorized. Six categories appear in the results: “Traditional gender patterns and genes roles”, “The influence of society and the home”, “Gender transparency”, “Conversation and reflection”, “Awareness” and “The curriculum reinforces the work in preschool”. The preschool teachers seem to think that gender patterns and gender roles are linked to a traditional way of seeing gender and that society and the homes are the sources to the reproduction of these traditional ways of categorizing boys and girls. To counteract traditional gender patterns and gender roles the preschools teachers believes in a gender transparency approach, conversation and reflection and awareness in choices such ass materials, environment and in how adults value boys and girls. The preschool teachers believe that de new Swedish curriculum supports their already ingoing gender equality work. / <p><strong>Fastställt via akademichefsbeslut HIG-STYR 2019/7 den 2019-01-07</strong></p><p><strong> </strong>Daniel Petterson, fil dr, univ. lekt Pedagogik och Erika Björklund, fil dr, univ. lekt Pedagogik går in som examinatorer på PEG700 under veckorna 1 till och med 3, 2019 då Peter Gill, prof. Pedagogik, gått i pension från och med 2019-01-01.</p>

In this study, I explore how school band organizational culture produces gender roles and stereotypes within a percussion section. While previous research (Abeles, 2009) records percussion as predominantly male demographically and in popular perception, such research limits itself to battery percussion, largely excluding mallet percussion. Additionally, researchers have not addressed how existing gender stereotypes influence percussionists or how such stereotypes propagate. This research, a case study, supplements existing findings by qualitatively assessing how students and directors perceive gender stereotypes’ influence the organization, and how stereotypes emerge. By using multiple data sources, I illuminate various understructures (Acker, 1990) that help enforce gender roles and stereotypes observed and described by participants. Understructures represent the unintended impact of aspects of organizational culture. The exploration of understructures helps to explain how gender patterns in percussion sections continue despite the wishes of directors and students alike. Data analysis revealed percussion as divided into two “zones:” mallet and battery percussion, wherein females predominantly play mallets. Participants associated two different skill sets with the zones. Data revealed that experiences in middle school, family tradition, and other factors directly affected what zones students occupied and what skills they had obtained. The most valued musical skills reflected masculinized ideals of marching band and battery percussion. I concluded that understructures influenced percussion students by tacitly predetermining their placement in one of two instrument-based zones. These zones embodied a hierarchized system that privileged masculine-typed battery/marching instruments. I theorized that dividing percussion into gendered zones negatively influenced the musical and academic prospects of all students. / 2019-10-23T00:00:00Z

abstract: ABSTRACT The relationships between adaptive and maladaptive aspects of gender roles in predicting substance use were examined in a sample of 955 (450 boys, 505 girls) Mexican American 7th and 8th grade adolescents participating in a school-based substance use intervention. The moderating effect of linguistic acculturation, the mediating effects of antisociality, depressive symptoms, and adaptive and avoidant coping on gender role-substance use relationships were examined. Correlational and path analyses supported the Functional Model of Gender Roles that considers these roles as adaptive or maladaptive social coping strategies. For boys, the path analyses yielded significant direct paths from aggressive masculinity to composite alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use measures, with all other effects of gender roles on substance use operating through the mediators. Bootstrapped mediation tests yielded significant indirect paths, where for boys the positive relationships between assertive and aggressive masculinity with substance use and the negative relationship of affective femininity with substance use were mediated through antisociality, which is predictive of increased substance use. For girls, the positive relationship between aggressive masculinity with cigarette and alcohol use and the negative relationship of affective femininity with alcohol and cigarette use were also mediated by adaptive coping, which is predictive of decreased substance use. A different set of significant indirect paths through avoidant coping connected assertive masculinity and submissive femininity to alcohol use for boys. For boys, the paths from affective femininity to antisociality and adaptive coping were found to be moderated by linguistic acculturation, with the negative correlation of affective femininity with antisociality and positive correlation of this gender role with adaptive coping being stronger in boys low in acculturation. In turn, the pathway from this acculturation by affective femininity interaction to substance use was found to be mediated by antisociality. The present analyses confirmed the importance of gender roles and their interaction with acculturation in predicting substance use in Mexican American adolescents. The analyses also were important in delineating functional mechanisms through which these gender roles have their effects, with implications for the design of interventions to reduce substance use in this population. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Social Work 2012