According to law all Swedish authorities must express themselves using correct, plain and comprehensible language whenever they communicate with the citizens in order to make it easy to understand what needs to be known to participate in the Swedish democratic society. I would like to explore if there are more tools than the language that could be used to make their communication easier to comprehend, in this case images and stories. In this essay I will investigate the relationship between the written words and the visual components – images and illustrations – in brochures from Swedish authorities. I will also try to identify possible narratives in the brochures, and examine the functions of these narratives. To do this study I use a semiotic analysis including denotation and connotation and narrative analysis according to Burke and Greimas. The result showed that most of the images are used to anchor, confirm, the written text while some seek to guide our interpretations of the text or to add a new dimension to it. Only one of my three analyzed brochures contains a clear example of a narrative, while the others contain narrative element. My most important finding is that the narratives are mostly hidden within the images and therefore get dual functions– both as anchors of the text and as a narrative

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-25Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:07:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000809585.pdf: 421227 bytes, checksum: 94ac2b41022c3cd995d477425914014d (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A semiótica greimasiana iniciou seu percurso teórico com a proposição de uma semântica gerativa, geral e discursiva. Logo desenvolveu a sua base inicial: o percurso gerativo de sentido. No âmbito do percurso, o nível narrativo se tornou o mais desenvolvido, até a década de 1980, momento em que os estudos se voltaram para o desenvolvimento da semiótica das paixões e do nível discursivo. Neste trabalho, empreendemos um estudo desse desenvolvimento que se inicia com as influências estruturais e formalistas, passa pela consolidação do modelo de aplicação da semiótica narrativa e, então, culmina com as mudanças que fazem com que a semiótica dos anos 1980 não seja mais a mesma da década de 1960. Buscamos na Historiografia Linguística a metodologia para nos respaldar nesse percurso que foi traçado em três etapas: a primeira, sobre as origens da semiótica narrativa, com a retomada dos estudos de V. Propp e de Lévi-Strauss; a segunda etapa, sobre a cronologia das obras greimasianas partindo da Sémantique structurale (1966) até Du Sens II (1983); e a terceira etapa, na qual buscamos compreender os impasses da teoria em pelo menos três questões levantadas e discutidas pelo filósofo P. Ricoeur: (1) sobre a lógica das conversões entre os níveis profundo e superficial, (2) a questão da temporalidade e (3) sobre a semiótica ser uma teoria interpretativa, ou seja, não somente explicativa, mas também compreensiva. Dessa forma, compreendemos que Greimas partiu dos estudos narratológicos de Propp e dos estudos do mito de Lévi-Strauss e definiu os elementos que tornaram a semiótica narrativa um paradigma científico. Esse paradigma, no entanto, não permanece restrito às suas características iniciais. E é a partir das questões ricoeurianas que correspondem a alguns dos impasses que o paradigma apresentou que pudemos compreender seu percurso de desenvolvimento e mudança / Generative Greimassian semiotics began its theoretical path with the proposal of a generative, general and discursive semantics. Its pillar was soon developed: the generative trajectory of meaning. With its complexification, the narrative level became the most developed, until the 1980s, when the focus of study shifted to the development of the Semiotics of passions and of the discursive level, and beyond the trajectory. We carried out a study of this path of development, which begins with the structural and formalist influences, taking in the consolidation of the model of application of narrative semiotics, and culminating with the changes that have led to Semiotics of the 1980s being different from what it was in the 1960s. We adopted the Linguistic Historiography and methodology as bases of this path, outlined in three stages: the first one, on the origins of narrative semiotics, with the return to the studies of V. Propp and Lévi-Strauss; the second stage about the chronology of the Greimassian works, starting with Sémantique structurale (1966) until Du Sens II (1983); and the third stage, in which we sought to understand the impasses of the theory in at least three questions raised and discussed by the philosopher P. Ricoeur: (1) the logic of the conversions among the deep and the surface levels; (2) the “temporalization” and (3) Semiotics as an interpretive theory, i.e. not merely explanatory, but also comprehensive. Thus, we understand that Greimas started from Propp’s narratological studies and the studies on the myth, by Lévi-Strauss, defining the elements that made the narrative semiotics one scientific paradigm. This paradigm, however, does not remain restrict to its initial characteristics. Therefore, from the ricoeurian questions, which correspond to some impasses showed by the paradigm, we could understand its path of development and change / FAPESP: 12/21220-6

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:40:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1312394 bytes, checksum: c801745178487572c5fa8d2230cdd141 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study aims to examine how the singer, songwriter and rabequeiro piauiense Beto Brito uses popular culture in his compositions. We understand popular culture as dynamic tradition in which they operate changes of each historical and social moment. However, the popular genres are not fixed or immutable. Our objective is to see how Beto Brito updates the tradition element of popular culture into their musical compositions. To achieve our goals, we analyzed the songs Zabé, Ciranda mei-de-feira and Bazófias, grounded in Semiotics Greimas (Greimas A.J.) and the Semiotics of Song (Luiz Tatit). / O presente trabalho pretende analisar de que maneira o cantor, compositor e rabequeiro piauiense Beto Brito utiliza a cultura popular em suas composições. Entendemos a cultura popular como tradição dinâmica, na qual se operam mudanças próprias de cada momento histórico e social. De modo que os gêneros populares não são fixos nem imutáveis. Nosso objetivo é verificar como Beto Brito atualiza o elemento tradição da cultura popular em suas composições musicais. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, analisamos as canções Zabé, Ciranda mei-de-feira e Bazófias, fundamentados na Semiótica Greimasiana, de A. J. Greimas e na Semiótica da Canção, de Luiz Tatit.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ca_me_arafcl.pdf: 1899427 bytes, checksum: fa3cc619651d1890bbc7db0fd8fccabe (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender os processos de construção do éthos, concebido enquanto “imagem” ou “identidade” do enunciador, nas cartas familiares escritas por Chico Xavier e atribuídas a “autores espirituais”, sob a perspectiva da Semiótica greimasiana. Por meio da análise das cartas psicografadas, pretende-se demonstrar como a sua configuração semiótica (enunciva e enunciativa) permite caracterizá-las como um tipo de texto em particular, diferenciando-o dos textos epistolares “típicos”. O córpus analisado é composto de dez cartas psicografadas publicadas entre os anos de 1973 e 1980 e atribuídas a três autores: Augusto César Netto, Jair Presente e Laurinho Basile. Entre os conceitos que orientam as análises estão os de práticas semióticas, contrato fiduciário, presença e as relações entre éthos e estilo. O percurso analítico deste estudo inicia-se pela definição da carta como objeto semiótico. Para isso, foram adotadas as contribuições de Jacques Fontanille, na aplicação de uma hierarquia de níveis de pertinência semiótica. Essa hierarquia permitiu a delimitação do percurso da carta psicográfica, desde a sua prática geradora até a sua inscrição em outros objetos-suporte. As noções de práxis enunciativa, práticas semióticas e gênero auxiliaram a caracterização do gênero epistolar psicográfico, enquanto objeto produzido no interior da prática psicográfica epistolar. A sua articulação com a prática de edição, em um nível estratégico, revelou-nos de que maneira a intervenção do editor resulta na ressignificação do texto, inserindo-o, assim, no âmbito editorial. Após a análise do córpus, foi possível constatar que o texto epistolar psicográfico é caracterizado por um éthos dual e ambíguo, coerente com os valores que permeiam a prática da psicografia epistolar / This study aims at understanding the processes of construction of ethos, conceived as the enunciator’s “image” or “identity”, in the family letters written by Chico Xavier and assigned to “spiritual authors”, from the perspective of the Greimassian Semiotics. Through the analysis of psychographic letters, it is intended to demonstrate how their semiotic (enuncive and enunciative) configuration would further characterize them as a particular type of text, different from the “typical” epistolary texts. The corpus analyzed is composed of ten psychographic letters, published between 1973 and 1980 and assigned to three authors: Augusto Cesar Netto, Jair Presente e Laurinho Basile. The analyses were guided by concepts of semiotic practices, fiduciary contract, presence and the relationship between ethos and style. The analytical course of this study begins with the definition of letter as a semiotic object. For this purpose, it adopted Jacques Fontanille’s contributions on the application of a hierarchy of levels of semiotic pertinence. This hierarchy permitted us to delimit the letter course from its generative practice to the other application-supports. The concepts of enunciative praxis, semiotic practices and genre contributed to characterize the psychographic epistolary genre as an object produced in the psychographic practice. Its relationship with editorial practice showed us how the editor’s intervention implies the text resignification, at a strategic level, by setting it within an editorial context. Following the corpus analysis, it was found that the psychographic epistolary text is characterized by a dual and ambiguous ethos, which is coherent with the values that pervade the epistolary psychographic practice

Denna uppsats avser att belysa hur flickor och pojkar porträtteras i skönlitterära böcker för barn i åldern 9–12 år. Skönlitteratur för barn bidrar till barns uppfattning och förståelse av genus, och ofta ges det i berättelser uttryck åt köns- eller genusnormer i karaktärer och i de diskursiva rum som de framställs (Earles 2017, s. 369). Eftersom berättelser fyller en både deskriptiv och normativ funktion, är de intressanta att analysera för att åskådliggöra underliggande ideal och ideologier (Lind Palicki 2010, s. 111; Rehnberg 2019, s. 65). Studien utgår från ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv och undersöker huvudsakligen genom Greimas aktantmodell och Propps agentroller hur pojkar och flickor utifrån narrativa aspekter såsom rolltilldelning framställs i fem skönlitterära böcker skrivna i original på svenska under 2022 och 2023. Resultaten visar en ojämn fördelning av flickor och pojkar som innehavare av subjektsrollen, att pojkar framställs som innehavare av agentrollen offer och även som omhändertagande och emotionella. Den flicka som porträtteras som innehavare av aktantrollen subjekt, och utgör 1 av 5 studerade huvudkaraktärer, kan även anses vara innehavare av agentrollen hjälte. Utöver detta tyder resultaten på att flickor med en mer central roll inte sällan ingår i en mansdominerad grupp eller porträtteras med en pojke i en nära roll.

En Reivindicación del Conde don Julián, escrito por Juan Goytisolo y publicado en 1970, se asiste al enfrentamiento de dos identidades contrapuestas que tiene lugar en la conciencia del protagonista. En este trabajo se intenta una interpretación de cuáles son estas identidades, reflejo de lo colectivo a nivel individual, a partir del análisis de una de las fábulas de la novela.

Abstract This study is about the meaning of education and the concept of meaning. The main aim is to develop a meta-theoretical object theory of education i.e. a theory about the research object of science of education, one which would be a valid reflection basis both for methodological and meta-theoretical questions of educational scientific research and for general pedagogical discussions. The development is based on the continental tradition of general pedagogy which acknowledges the pedagogical paradox by distinguishing between the concepts of educational influence and Bildung, and sees the need to unite them in the concept of pedagogical action. The basic ideas of general pedagogy are analyzed and explicated using the concepts developed in Greimassian semiotics. For example, the Greimassian core concepts like subject, competence, performance and manipulation offer good reasons for its use also in a pedagogical context. The semiotic theory is modified to make it more suitable for typical pedagogical questions. This is done by making the concept of meaning its basic concept. The aim is to make a dynamic and flexible theory which would better encapsulate an action which utilizes different semiotic systems and transfers from one system to another, like pedagogical action transfers from bio-semiotic communication to language and culture. The concept of meaning is approached firstly by relating it to the concepts of causality and structure. The analysis arrives at a result whereby, in spite of the close connections, the meaning relationship must be differentiated from causal relationships, and that only living beings can have meaning relationships. The meanings are based on the action of organisms and the semiotic competence of organisms is their precondition. Furthermore, the linguistic and cultural meanings of human beings must be distinguished as a special area with special features, like a partial or apparent detachment from immediate action and collectively binding semiotic systems which are changing historically because of people's action. Pedagogical action as a whole can be understood to be a meaningful object, with a deep structure that can be analyzed with semiotic concepts as a tension between the basic values of Nature and Culture. Following the semiotic theory of the generation of meaning, the structure of pedagogical action is analyzed as interaction of subjects who are trying to solve the tension between the basic values. The most important task for the follow-up studies is the continuation of the analysis to the empirical surface of the pedagogical action. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus käsittelee merkityksen käsitettä ja kasvatuksen merkitystä. Tavoitteena on kehitellä kasvatustieteen metateoreettista kohdeteoriaa, eli sellaista teoriaa kasvatustieteen tutkimuskohteesta, joka voisi toimia pätevänä reflektiopohjana sekä kasvatustieteellisen tutkimuksen metateoreettisissa ja metodologisissa ongelmissa että yleisemminkin pedagogisissa keskusteluissa. Kehittelyn lähtökohdaksi valitaan mannermainen yleisen pedagogiikan perinne, jolle on ominaista ns. pedagogisen paradoksin tunnustaminen, eli kasvattavan vaikuttamisen ja sivistyksen käsitteiden erottaminen ja niiden yhdistämisen vaatimus pedagogisen toiminnan käsitteessä. Yleisen pedagogiikan perusnäkemyksiä pyritään analysoimaan ja täsmentämään Greimasilaisessa semiotiikassa kehitetyn käsitevälineistön avulla. Muun muassa keskeiset subjektin, kompetenssin, performanssin ja manipulaation käsitteet hyvin perustelevat Greimasilaisen semiotiikan valintaa myös pedagogiseen asiayhteyteen. Jotta semioottinen teoria paremmin sopisi pedagogiikalle tyypillisten ongelmien käsittelyyn, on sen teoreettista perustaa kehitetty lähtien merkityksen käsitteestä. Tavoitteena on entistä joustavampi ja dynaamisempi teoria, joka paremmin ylettyy käsittelemään sellaista toimintaa, joka käyttää erilaisia semioottisia järjestelmiä ja siirtyy semioottisesta järjestelmästä toiseen, kuten esimerkiksi pedagogiikassa siirrytään biosemioottisesta kommunikaatiosta kielelliseen ja kulttuuriseen. Merkityksen käsitettä lähestytään suhteuttamalla sitä ensin kausaalisuuden ja rakenteen käsitteisiin. Analyysissä päädytään siihen, että läheisistä yhteyksistä huolimatta merkityssuhde täytyy erottaa kausaalisuhteista ja että merkityssuhteita on olemassa ainoastaan elävillä olennoilla. Merkitykset perustuvat eliöiden toimintaan ja edellyttävät niiltä semioottista kompetenssia. Ihmisen kielelliset ja kulttuuriset merkitykset täytyy edelleen erottaa omaksi erityisalueekseen, jolle ovat ominaisia merkitysten osittainen tai näennäinen irtoaminen välittömästä toiminnasta ja kollektiivisesti sitovat semioottiset järjestelmät, jotka muuttuvat historiallisesti ihmisten toiminnan seurauksena. Pedagoginen toiminta kokonaisuudessaan voidaan ymmärtää merkitykselliseksi kohteeksi, jonka syvärakenteen perinteistä analyysiä voidaan tiivistää semioottisella käsitteistöllä Luonto vs. Kulttuuri -perusarvojen väliseksi jännitteeksi. Edelleen semioottista merkityksen generoitumisen teoriaa seuraamalla päästään analysoimaan pedagogisen toiminnan rakennetta subjektien välisenä vuorovaikutuksena mainitun perusarvojännitteen ratkaisemiseksi. Tärkeimmäksi jatkotutkimuksen aiheeksi jää analyysin eteneminen pedagogisen toiminnan pintarakenteen empiiriseen analyysiin.

Denna kandidatuppsats är en undersökning av Rädda Barnens externa kommunikation under tiden för kampanjen #KarmaLemonChallenge som genomfördes under våren 2020, till följd av pandemin Covid-19. Syftet med undersökningen är att analysera vilken syn på ansvaret för välfärden som Rädda Barnen och replikerande aktörer förmedlar under kampanjen. Det teoretiska ramverket utgörs av kritisk diskursanalys och den huvudsakliga analysmetoden är Greimas aktantmodell, då jag inspirerad av den narrativa forskningen utforskar narrativitet i strategisk kommunikation. De frågeställningar som undersökningen utgår från är: Vem eller vilka tillskrivs ansvaret för välfärden? Vilka narrativ används för att positionera olika välfärdsaktörer och hur positioneras de som gagnas av kampanjen? Vilka diskurser framträder och vad har de för konsekvenser för Rädda Barnens förhandling? Resultatet visar att staten är den aktör som Rädda Barnen tillskriver ansvaret för välfärden. Under kampanjen konstruerar dock organisationen sig som en aktiv givare av välgörenhet och framträder i rollen som hjälte, medan de som gagnas av kampanjen främst tillskrivs rollen som offer och staten åtminstone delvis framstår som en skurk. I kommunikationen aktualiserar Rädda Barnen en rättighetsbärardiskurs, en välgörenhetsdiskurs och en marknadsdiskurs. I många av replikerna delas synen på att välfärdsansvaret åligger staten, men ansvaret förhandlas även som individens och här skapas en individualitetsdiskurs. I replikerna framträder även en inspirationsorienterad solidaritetsdiskurs.  Att rättighetsbärardiskursen och välgörenhetsdiskursen existerar parallellt i Rädda Barnens kommunikation är problematiskt då det underminerar barn som rättighetsbärare. Välgörenhetsdiskursen kan dock vara den kompromiss som uppstår när rättighetsbärardiskursen hamnar i samspel med en marknadsdiskurs.

Depuis le début des temps, l'homme est confronté à sa propre finitude. Aussi, faut-il s'étonner que plusieurs philosophies et religions perçoivent le corps comme étant celui qui nous fait tendre vers le mal et le péché. Influencée par le platonisme, l'Église catholique n'a pas été à l'abri de la pensée dualiste. Pour les jansénistes des siècles derniers, le corps incarnait le mal, oubliant que le Christ s'était lui-même incarne. Le présent ouvrage laisse parler Irénée qui donne, à sa façon, une dignité incontestable au corps. Pour mieux comprendre la pensée irénéenne, les deux premiers chapitres présentent respectivement un bref historique du contexte irénéen, puis lèvent le voile sur le gnosticisme qui avait force Irénée à prendre la plume. Le troisième chapitre survole la théorie sémiotique (en se limitant au premier Greimas), ce qui permet, dans le chapitre quatre, de faire une étude sémiotique d'un extrait de l'Adversus Haereses. Enfin, la conclusion formule quelques déductions théologiques amenées par l'étude.

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide, la notion de Failed State est utilisée dans les relations internationales pour décrire des États rencontrant des difficultés à exercer un monopole de la violence légitime sur leur territoire. La thèse se pose la question de savoir dans quelle mesure cette notion a pu jouer un rôle dans les rapports de domination en cours dans les relations internationales. L’étude montre que la notion a été créée par un communauté épistémique et des entrepreneurs de sens avant tout américains et proposait en effet un système de représentation selon lequel le salut des Failed State reposerait avant tout sur la mise en place de politiques très intrusives de la part des États les plus puissants de la planète. L’étude poursuit en montrant que ce système de représentation, créé à grands frais par un ensemble d’acteurs académiques, médiatiques et philanthropiques, n’a toutefois pas toujours réussi à justifier la mise en place des politiques intrusives souhaitées. A travers de nombreuses études de cas (Afghanistan, Haïti, Irak, Somalie, Palestine, Liban, Libéria, Soudan, Zimbabwe, Bolivie, Pakistan, Colombie, Burundi, Sierra Leone, Guinée-Bissau et République centrafricaine), le travail démontre que la notion de Failed State n’a pas toujours eu l’efficacité souhaitée et a au contraire été détournée, parfois avec succès, pour résister aux politiques perçues comme intrusives par des acteurs prétendument dominés. L’étude conclut que si il est théoriquement possible de dominer par les idées, il est aussi possible de résister aux idées par les idées.<p>//<p>Since the end of the Cold War, the notion of Failed State is used in international relations in order to describe States that have difficulties to exercise a monopoly of legitimate violence on their territory. The thesis raises the question of how this concept influenced the relations of domination in the international relations. The study shows that the concept of Failed State was created by an epistemic community and a group of entrepreneurs primarily based in the United States. The notion promoted a system of representation based on the idea that the salvation of the Failed States rested on their acceptance of very intrusive policies leaded by the most powerful States of the world. The study also shows that this representation system, created at great expense, has not always been able to justify the intrusive policies it was designed to legitimize. Through numerous case studies (Afghanistan, Haiti, Iraq, Somalia, Palestine, Lebanon, Liberia, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Bolivia, Pakistan, Colombia, Burundi, Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau and Central African Republic), it is shown that notion of Failed State has not always reached the efficiency desired by its creators and has instead been used, sometimes successfully, to resist policies perceived as intrusive by the allegedly “dominated” actors. The study concludes that while it is theoretically possible to rule with ideas, it is also possible to resist ideas with ideas. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished