An exploratory field study was conducted to examine internal and external factors that influence adolescents' consumer behavior when serving as the family purchasing agents. Demographic, lifestyle, and marketing activities were examined to determine the influences that affect whether the adolescent will purchase the preferred family brands or other brands. Participating adolescents were sent by their parents to the grocery store on two separate occasions to purchase four preselected grocery items. The brands purchased were recorded and compared to the preferred brand names provided by the parents. While no statistical significance was found, occasional trends were observed. The analysis indicated that adolescents who experience a pluralistic family communication style will purchase products other than the preferred household brands. Adolescents who are exposed to television and radio tend to deviate more from the preferred family brands more often than do adolescents with less media exposure. Adolescents who work are more likely to go to the grocery store more often for their families than do nonworking adolescents. Also, adolescents seem to possess a price sensitivity to both high and low-involvement grocery items.

The purpose of this study was to determine if participation in a supermarket tour improves nutrition knowledge and eating behavior in adult participants. Participants were recruited in communities surrounding Food City stores, a local supermarket. Prior to completing a standardized tour, participants completed a survey to assess nutrition knowledge and eating behavior. This survey was given to participants again three months later. A program evaluation was given one time at the end of the tour. Data analysis revealed no significant findings, other than the behavior-based question: “How many meals or snacks on most days included vegetables”. Vegetable consumption appeared to decrease. All participants who completed the program evaluation reported they learned something new as a result of the tour and were satisfied with the experience. These findings suggest that nutrition education provided in supermarkets is well-received by participants, but additional research with objective measures is needed.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund Att minska matsvinnet är en viktig del i arbetet mot att nå en hållbar utveckling. Utsläpp av växthusgaser och övergödning sker i alla produktionsled i livsmedelskedjan från producent till konsument och utgör en negativ klimatpåverkan. Livsmedelsbutiker har en betydelsefull roll eftersom de hanterar stora mängder varor och tillhandahåller mat till många hushåll. Forskning finns om typ och omfattning av matsvinn slänger men få studier har belyst hur chefer och personal i livsmedelsbutik upplever och tänker kring ämnet. Syfte Syftet var att undersöka upplevelser och tankar kring matsvinn hos butikschefer samt anställda i livsmedelsbutiker. Metod Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ studie där butikschefer och anställda vid åtta livsmedelsbutiker intervjuades. Datamaterialet transkriberades och analyserades därefter med kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat  Matsvinn sågs som ett problemområde som deltagarna upplevde svårt att motverka. De beskrev det som ett etiskt dilemma när fullgod mat kastas och det samtidigt finns svält och en miljö som belastas. Det fanns faktorer utanför livsmedelsbutikernas kontroll som gjorde arbetet med matsvinn besvärligt. Ekonomi var enligt deltagarna betydande för livsmedelsbutikers överlevnad och de upplevde minskat svinn som en möjlighet till att spara pengar. Andra betydelsefulla faktorer för att motverka matsvinnet hos livsmedelsbutikerna var rätt hantering och goda rutiner. Kunskap upplevdes bidra till att minska matsvinn och därför ansåg deltagarna att den borde öka hos både anställda och kunder. Tanken om samarbete med producenter upplevdes som god men däremot svårt gällande konkurrenter.   Slutsats Denna studie har påvisat att matsvinn är ett komplext ämne eftersom det samexisterar med svält och miljöpåfrestningar. Det är bra om livsmedelsbutiker ändrar sina attityder gällande samarbete för att möjliggöra gemensamma åtgärder mot matsvinn. Möjligheten att tjäna pengar driver butikerna till handling. Livsmedelsbutikerna bör utforma bättre och rakare direktiv till personal och kunder för en bättre hantering och minskat matsvinn. / Abstract Background Reducing the amount of food waste is an important factor in achieving sustainable development. Grocery stores play important roles since they handle large amounts of groceries and provide food for numerous households. Studies concerning what and which amounts grocery stores throw away exist. However, few studies have examined how personnel in grocery stores experience and think about the subject.  Objective The aim was to examine managers and employee’s experiences and thoughts about food waste at grocery stores. Method The study was conducted as a qualitative study where interviews with managers and employees at eight grocery stores were carried out. The data material was transcribed and analyzed with content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman. Results Food waste was seen as a problem area that participants believed was difficult to avert. They described it like an ethical dilemma when food is thrown and at the same time people are starving and the environment is affected. There are external factors that affect the stores, and thus can make working with food waste difficult. The financial matter was an important factor for the survival of supermarkets and it was found that the participants’ main reason for reducing food waste was the opportunity to save money. Other factors to reduce food waste were proper handling and good routines. Adequate knowledge was something that contributed to lower food waste and therefore participants found it should increase in both staff and customers. The idea of​​cooperationwith producersperceived asgoodbutdifficultcurrentcompetitors. Conclusion This study has shown that food waste is a complex issue as it coexists with starvation and environmental stress. Grocery stores ought to change their attitudes regarding cooperation to enable joint actions against food waste. The possibility to save money drives the participants to act. The best way to minimize food waste is to educate personnel and to make more precise orders based on the actual demand.

Summary                                                               Overweight and obesity in Sweden and in the rest of the industrialized world continues to increase. This results in increased costs both to society and the healthcare system. Part of this development is the increasing consumption of sugar and that is what should be restricted to tackle this growing social problem. Part of the increased consumption of sugar in Sweden was the launch of pick and mix ingrocery stores.  This study aims to examine how store managers look at their public health responsibilities, and investigate how managers of grocery stores think about health and health aspects in general and about the sugar consumption in particular. Semi-structured "face to face" interviews was used to collect data and seven grocery store managers participated in the study. The interviews were analyzed using concentration of sentences that involves compiling the interviewees' statements into shorter formulations. Results of the study showed that all the store managers claimed to take the health responsibilities that can be expected of them. The health aspects taken into account by the store managers were that they provided good organic and locally produced groceries and that some of them had collaboration with a dietician or people with other professions related to food. It was considered easy to buy good and healthy food by all store managers. The question regarding the introduction of a sugar tax divided the store managers, 4 of them were positive to taxation, while 3 of them were more hesitant about its effects. The conclusion of this study is that store managers are taking some responsibility to the public health by providing healthy alternatives. However there is much more they can do to reduce sugar consumption among the population, thus contributing to an important public health work.

This diploma thesis deals with consumer behaviour when choosing a store for food purchase. The main aim is to evaluate the importance of individual factors that play role in the selection of grocery store using a questionnaire survey. Secondary goals are to characterize how consumers currently behave in the selection of the store and to confirm or disprove established hypotheses. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with issues related to the topic of the work, the practical part focuses on the marketing research itself, through which all the goals of this work have been fulfilled. As a method of collecting the primary data an electronic questionnaire was used. The data obtained were evaluated using MS Excel and "R" program. Based on the findings possible recommendations for the retailers are also formulated at the end of the practical part.

Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga vilka effekter lagen om hållbarhetsredovisning (SFS 1995:1554, 6 kap. 10-14 §§) har haft på Icas, Coops, Axfoods och Lidls hållbarhetsrapporter samt vilka andra faktorer som påverkat hållbarhetsrapporternas utveckling mellan åren 2016 och 2018. Den teoretiska referensramen som har använts i studien är legitimitetsteorin och isomorfismens tre grenar – tvingande, härmande och normativ. Tidigare forskning kring hållbarhetsredovisning har även bidragit till bakgrunden i denna studie. Den metod som har använts i studien för att samla in data är dokumentanalys där en systematisk granskning av företagens hållbarhetsrapporer har gjorts. Själva analysen av insamlad data grundar sig i en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där den insamlade datan delats upp i de kategorier som beskrivs i 6 kap. 12§ i Årsredovisningslagen (SFS 1995:1554). Dessa kategorier är miljö, personalfrågor, sociala frågor, mänskliga rättigheter och korruption. Resultatet i studien visar att företagens rapporter i mångt och mycket liknar varandra. Alla företag i studien har som övergripandemål att bli branschledande inom hållbarhet. Företagen vill erbjuda sina kunder fler hållbara alternativ och öka försäljningen av dessa produkter. Samtliga företag nämner mångfalden som något centralt både inom organisationen och för samhället i stort. Alla företag i studien beskriver också sitt samhällsengagemang där de stöttar olika organisationers arbete för utsatta grupper i samhället. För att motverka mutor och korruption har alla företag i studien infört en visselblåsartjänst där de anställda kan anmäla eventuella missförhållanden anonymt. Slutsatsen i studien är att ingen av dessa fyra företags hållbarhetsrapporter har förändrats i någon större utsträckning mellan åren 2016 och 2018. Lagen (SFS 1995:1554, 6 kap. 10-14 §§) i sig har inte haft någon större effekt på företagens hållbarhetsrapporter och den marginella utveckling som kan ses i rapporterna kopplas till andra grenar inom isomorfismen och legitimitetsteorin utöver den formella press som lagen innebär. Studien anses kunna bidra till den fortsatta diskussionen kring huruvida regleringar är rätt väg att gå för att skapa en hållbarare utveckling bland företag samt vilka effekter den nuvarande regleringen har på hållbarhetsrapporter. / The purpose of this study is to evaluate which effects the swedish law about sustainability reporting (SFS 1995:1554, 6 kap. 10-14 §§) has had on the sustainability reports of companies in the swedish grocery store industry between the years of 2016 and 2018. The study also evaluates which other factors have affected the development of the sustainability reports. The theories that have been used in the study are mainly the legitimacy theory and the three branches of isomorphism – coercive, mimetic and normative. Earlier research has also contributed to the background of this study. The methodology of the study is qualitive. A document analysis with a systematic examination on the sustainability reports has been done. The analysis of the data has been done with a content analysis where the data has been categorized according to the formulation of the law (SFS 1995:1554, 6 kap. 12§). The categories are environment, personnel questions, social questions, human rights and corruption. The results of the study show that the companies sustainability reports look similar. Every company in the study has the objective to become industry leading in sustainability. The companies want to offer more sustainable alternatives to the customers and sell more sustainable products. All the companies describe diversity as an important factor both in the organisation and in general in the society. All the companies in the study describe their society commitments where they support organisations who help vulnerable groups in the society. To counteract bribes and corruption all the companies have introduced a whistle-blower function where the employees can report sensitive cases anonymously. The conclusion of the study is that neither of the four examined companies have changed their sustainability reporting in any major way between the years of 2016 and 2018. Minor developments have happened in a few areas, but these are not necessarily connected to the new regulation. The regulation did not have noticeable effects on the sustainability reports in the grocery store industry. This study can contribute to the continuing discussion about whether regulations are the correct way to achieve a more sustainable development among the companies and also which effects the current regulation have on sustainability reports.

Theme of this thesis was to design and process a project of Apartment building in Valašske Meziříčí. The building is situated in the city center, close to hospital. Designed apartment building with four floors and a basement is located on a sloping terrain. Surrounding buildings are costisted of blocks of flats that were built in last century. Goal of the thesis was to design apartment house which will fit to the neighborhood. There are technical backround and parking slots in the basement of the bilding. Apartments are situated in above-ground floors. The grocery store lies on the northern side of the building on the same level as first floor. The apartmen building is covered by single-skinned flat roof.

Background: Circular economy has received an increasing amount of attention and a move towards a circular economy recently became a top priority within the EU. The food industry contributes to a large amount of the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. In spite of this few studies have explored circular economy in regard to grocery store companies. The lack of prior research in the area serves as a motivation to carry out this study.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how grocery store companies have developed their communication to influence their customers’ behaviors and influence the relationship they have with them. Research question: How has the communication regarding a circular economy developed within grocery store companies during 2014-2020? Method: A content analysis of Swedish grocery store companies’ annual reports and sustainability reports between the years 2014-2020 has been conducted. Qualitative coding was mainly used, but some quantitative elements occur. The coding emanated from the two themes plastic and food waste. Results and conclusion: This study shows that the grocery store companies’ circular communication have congregated as a result of changes in the social expectations. The companies have concretized the idea of a circular economy and have introduced their own initiatives to reach it. / Bakgrund: Cirkulär ekonomi är ett begrepp som blivit alltmer uppmärksammat. En övergång till cirkulär ekonomi är numera en av EU:s främsta prioriteringar. Matindustrin bidrar till en stor del av de antropogena utsläppen av växthusgaser. Trots detta finns det få studier som kopplar samman ämnena cirkulär ekonomi och dagligvaruhandel. Bristen på tidigare forskning motiverade att denna studie genomfördes. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera hur företag inom dagligvaruhandeln har utvecklat sin kommunikation om cirkulär ekonomi för att påverka sina kunders beteende och relationen de har med dem.  Frågeställning: Hur har kommunikationen kring cirkulär ekonomi utformats inom dagligvaruhandeln mellan åren 2014–2020? Metod: I denna undersökning har en innehållsanalys av aktörerna i den svenska dagligvaruhandelns års- och hållbarhetsrapporter mellan åren 2014–2020 genomförts. Främst användes kvalitativ kodning, men vissa kvantitativa inslag förekommer. Kodningen utgick ifrån begreppen plast och matavfall. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet av denna studie visar att företagen inom dagligvaruhandeln utformat och ökat sin cirkulära kommunikation på liknande sätt som en följd av förändringar i samhällets förväntningar. Företagen har konkretiserat begreppet cirkulär ekonomi och presenterat egna initiativ för att uppnå det.

Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga vilka effekter lagen om hållbarhetsredovisning (SFS 1995:1554, 6 kap. 10-14 §§) har haft på Icas, Coops, Axfoods och Lidls hållbarhetsrapporter samt vilka andra faktorer som påverkat hållbarhetsrapporternas utveckling mellan åren 2016 och 2018. Den teoretiska referensramen som har använts i studien är legitimitetsteorin och isomorfismens tre grenar – tvingande, härmande och normativ. Tidigare forskning kring hållbarhetsredovisning har även bidragit till bakgrunden i denna studie. Den metod som har använts i studien för att samla in data är dokumentanalys där en systematisk granskning av företagens hållbarhetsrapporer har gjorts. Själva analysen av insamlad data grundar sig i en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där den insamlade datan delats upp i de kategorier som beskrivs i 6 kap. 12§ i Årsredovisningslagen (SFS 1995:1554). Dessa kategorier är miljö, personalfrågor, sociala frågor, mänskliga rättigheter och korruption. Resultatet i studien visar att företagens rapporter i mångt och mycket liknar varandra. Alla företag i studien har som övergripandemål att bli branschledande inom hållbarhet. Företagen vill erbjuda sina kunder fler hållbara alternativ och öka försäljningen av dessa produkter. Samtliga företag nämner mångfalden som något centralt både inom organisationen och för samhället i stort. Alla företag i studien beskriver också sitt samhällsengagemang där de stöttar olika organisationers arbete för utsatta grupper i samhället. För att motverka mutor och korruption har alla företag i studien infört en visselblåsartjänst där de anställda kan anmäla eventuella missförhållanden anonymt. Slutsatsen i studien är att ingen av dessa fyra företags hållbarhetsrapporter har förändrats i någon större utsträckning mellan åren 2016 och 2018. Lagen (SFS 1995:1554, 6 kap. 10-14 §§) i sig har inte haft någon större effekt på företagens hållbarhetsrapporter och den marginella utveckling som kan ses i rapporterna kopplas till andra grenar inom isomorfismen och legitimitetsteorin utöver den formella press som lagen innebär. Studien anses kunna bidra till den fortsatta diskussionen kring huruvida regleringar är rätt väg att gå för att skapa en hållbarare utveckling bland företag samt vilka effekter den nuvarande regleringen har på hållbarhetsrapporter. / The purpose of this study is to evaluate which effects the swedish law about sustainability reporting (SFS 1995:1554, 6 kap. 10-14 §§) has had on the sustainability reports of companies in the swedish grocery store industry between the years of 2016 and 2018. The study also evaluates which other factors have affected the development of the sustainability reports. The theories that have been used in the study are mainly the legitimacy theory and the three branches of isomorphism – coercive, mimetic and normative. Earlier research has also contributed to the background of this study. The methodology of the study is qualitive. A document analysis with a systematic examination on the sustainability reports has been done. The analysis of the data has been done with a content analysis where the data has been categorized according to the formulation of the law (SFS 1995:1554, 6 kap. 12§). The categories are environment, personnel questions, social questions, human rights and corruption. The results of the study show that the companies sustainability reports look similar. Every company in the study has the objective to become industry leading in sustainability. The companies want to offer more sustainable alternatives to the customers and sell more sustainable products. All the companies describe diversity as an important factor both in the organisation and in general in the society. All the companies in the study describe their society commitments where they support organisations who help vulnerable groups in the society. To counteract bribes and corruption all the companies have introduced a whistle-blower function where the employees can report sensitive cases anonymously. The conclusion of the study is that neither of the four examined companies have changed their sustainability reporting in any major way between the years of 2016 and 2018. Minor developments have happened in a few areas, but these are not necessarily connected to the new regulation. The regulation did not have noticeable effects on the sustainability reports in the grocery store industry. This study can contribute to the continuing discussion about whether regulations are the correct way to achieve a more sustainable development among the companies and also which effects the current regulation have on sustainability reports.

The purpose of this study is to clarify and confirm previous research and expand the knowledge in this research area, since the majority of the information and knowledge that is available today is mostly repetitive. The theoretical frame of this study is based on theories, such as Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. 1967), alongside previous research done in this research area. The previous research consists of, among other things, analysed associations with the six different colours that this study also emphasizes. The theoretical synthesis is based on the deductive process; meaning, the authors of this survey have collected data and by observing this data, the authors determine whether these theories and previous researchers' arguments can be confirmed or not. Since this survey is based on a qualitative research method, the data collection for this study was executed through focus group interviews. The authors of this survey interviewed three focus groups with various participants in each focus group. Considering that this study focuses on the consumer and its behavior in the grocery store, the researchers selected interviewees who themselves are consumers and who regularly shop in the grocery store. In conclusion, the participants in the focus group interviews confirm that colour associations have an impact on their buying behavior in grocery stores.