Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KlivioLRT_DISSRT.pdf: 1008168 bytes, checksum: 1b380b5029e11c870629d12d32db9e99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Routine treatment for bovine mastitis is the use of antimicrobials that often promote bacterial resistance to these compounds. The use of phytoterapic medicaments have been growing in the last decade. However, many of these therapeutic options have no scientific evidence of its action efficiency against disease causing agents. The present work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic extract Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. fruit against bovine mastitis bacteria. The study was divided into two sequential experiments. Experiment I evaluate the potential of antimicrobial activity of the liquid aqueous solution (extract 1) and lyophilized (extract 2) of the ethanolic residue fractioned with chloroform and the aqueous solution of the ethanolic lyophilized residue (extract 3) against twelve selected bacteria (four standard and eight field strains), as a screening method for the following experiment. Experiment II used the same strains in the previous trial and evaluates the antimicrobial activity of the best extract in experiment I in eight dilutions. This study was performed using the well technique and in triplicate. Results from Experiment I report that 91.66% of the analyzed bacteria showed no statistical difference among the three extracts and confirms that the lyophilization process did not alter the antimicrobial activity of the extract 2 and 3. Extract 1 was used in Experiment I, results indicated that the antimicrobial inhibitory halo diminishes when extract dilution increases and bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis showed a minor response compared to the standard bacteria. Caesalpinia ferrea fruit extract reveals potential antimicrobial activity and a possible therapeutic option to biological assays in vivo in the bovine mastitis control. / O tratamento usual da mastite bovina é realizado com administração de antimicrobianos, que muitas vezes, promovem a resistência bacteriana a esses compostos. Medicamentos fitoterápicos têm sido utilizados, porém nem todas essas opções apresentam comprovação científica acerca da eficácia de ação contra os agentes causadores da enfermidade. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato alcoólico do fruto da Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. frente a bactérias causadoras de mastite bovina. O estudo foi dividido em dois experimentos sequenciais. No experimento I, avaliou-se o potencial da atividade antimicrobiana da solução aquosa líquida (extrato 1) e liofilizada (extrato 2) do resíduo etanólico fracionado com clorofórmio e solução aquosa do resíduo etanólico liofilizado (extrato 3) frente doze bactérias selecionadas (quatro cepas padrão e oito cepas de campo), como triagem para o experimento seguinte. No experimento II, utilizando a mesmas bactérias do experimento anterior, avaliou-se o potencial da atividade antimicrobiana do extrato que obteve melhor resultado no experimento I, em oito diluições. Esse estudo foi desenvolvido através da técnica do poço e em triplicatas. No experimento I, os resultados indicaram que 91,66% das bactérias analisadas não apresentaram diferença estatística para a atividade antimicrobiana entre os três extratos, constatando que o processo de liofilização não alterou o potencial da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos 2 e 3. No experimento II foi utilizado o extrato 1 e os resultados indicaram que o halo de inibição antimicrobiana diminui com o aumento da diluição do extrato, e que as bactérias isoladas de vacas com mastite apresentaram uma resposta menor em relação as bactérias padrão. A Caesalpinia ferrea apresentou atividade antimicrobiana potencial que sugere novas avaliações experimentais a fim de avaliar a toxicidade, sendo uma possível opção terapêutica para ensaios biológicos in vivo no controle da mastite bovina.

The HALO-(AC)3 campaign was conducted in March and April 2022 to investigate warm air intrusions into the Arctic and marine cold air outbreaks. In coordinated flights over the Arctic, the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), equipped with a remote sensing payload and dropsondes, investigated these air mass transformations together with the research aircraft Polar 5 and Polar 6. In this report, we give an overview about the research flights and preliminary results from projects, which are carried out by employees of the Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM). / Die HALO-(AC)3 Kampagne wurde im März und April 2022 durchgeführt, umWarmlufteinbrüche in die Arktis und marine Kaltluftausbrüche zu untersuchen. Das 'High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft' (HALO), ausgestattet mit Instrumenten zur Fernerkundung und Standardmeteorologiesonden, untersuchte zusammen mit den Forschungsflugzeugen Polar 5 und Polar 6, in koordinierten Flügen über der Arktis, diese Veränderungen der Luftmassen. In diesem Bericht wird eine Übersicht über die durchgeführten Forschungsflüge gegeben und Forschungsprojekte werden vorgestellt, welche von Mitarbeitern des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie (LIM) durchgeführt werden.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que é possível buscar por estrelas pobres em metais a partir da premissa de que uma grande fração destas será rica em carbono. Essa hipótese ainda não havia sido verificada pois muitas das chamadas estrelas CEMP (Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor) foram negligenciadas em estudos anteriores devido à forma como foram executadas as buscas por estas estrelas. Estes objetos são importantes pois assumem o papel de registros fósseis das primeiras gerações estelares, uma vez que retêm em suas atmosferas informações vitais acerca da composição química do meio em que foram geradas. Por não apresentarem bandas moleculares intensas de carbono em seus espectros, muitas dessas estrelas não foram selecionadas para estudos em média/alta resolução. Este trabalho fornece, a partir do estudo da parte estelar do projeto HES (Hamburg/ESO Survey), que contém 4.404.908 objetos, dois novos índices de linha para a região da banda G do CH, em 4304 Å. Estes, pelo fato de possuírem uma largura de banda de 200 Å, conseguem superar falhas dos índices anteriormente definidos e representam com fidelidade as principais características desta região. Após uma análise detalhada da base de dados, e do cálculo dos novos índices de linha para todos os objetos disponíveis, foram identificadas com o telescópio SOAR 132 estrelas pobres em metais inéditas na literatura, sendo que 51% destas possuem metalicidades abaixo de [Fe/H] < -1.0 e apresentam consideráveis enriquecimentos em carbono ([C/Fe] > +0.5). Já para as estrelas encontradas com [Fe/H] < -2.5, a fração de estrelas com abundâncias de carbono [C/Fe] > +1.0 chega a 80%. Estimativas de abundâncias de elementos químicos tais como bário e estrôncio revelam que, mesmo com parâmetros atmosféricos e abundâncias de carbono semelhantes, as estrelas analisadas por este trabalho possuem mais de um tipo de cenário possível para sua formação. Neste ínterim, os objetos adicionados à literatura contribuem tanto para o aumento da estatística de estrelas pobres em metais quanto para testes de modelos teóricos de enriquecimento químico da Via Láctea. Finalmente, este trabalho também gerou uma lista de 6123 candidatas a estrelas CEMP inéditas na literatura. / The main goal of this work is to show that is possible to search for metal-poor stars based on the premise that a large fraction of these will be carbon-rich. This hypothesis had not yet been verified because many of the so-called CEMP (Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor) stars were neglected in previous studies due to the design of the search for metal-poor stars with carbon enhancements. Those objects play a major role as fossil records of the very first generation of stars, since they carry in their atmospheres vital informations concerning the chemical composition of the medium where they were formed. By not showing strong carbon molecular bands in their spectra, many of those stars were not selected for follow-up studies in medium/high resolution. This work provides, based on the study of the stellar part of the HES (Hamburg/ESO Survey), two new line indices for the G band (4304 Å) that, by having a line band of 200 Å, can overcome the flaws of the previously defined indices and also truly represent the main features of this region. After an extensive analysis of the database and the calculation of the line indices for all the available objects, 132 new metal-poor stars were identified with the SOAR telescope, being that 51% of those stars with [Fe/H] < 1.0 present considerable carbon enhancements ([C/Fe]> +0.5). For the observed stars with [Fe/H] < 2.5, the fraction of objects with [C/Fe] > +1.0 rises up to 80%. Abundance estimates for barium and strontium show that, even with similar atmospheric parameters and carbon abundances, the stars analysed in this work have more than one possible formation scenario. Finally, this work also contributes with a 6123 CEMP star candidate list of unpublished objects.

Les mécanismes de formation et dissociation d’hydrates de cyclopentane (CP), qui forment á pression ambiante et á des températures entre 0ºC et 7ºC, ont été observés dans/sur/proche des gouttes d’eau immergées dans du CP á des échelles qui vont du micron jusqu’au millimètre. Plusieurs techniques d’observation ont été utilisées, telles que la macrophotographie et la microscopie optique en champ clair, par contraste interférentiel différentiel (CID), par fluorescence et par réflectance confocale. Des substrats hydrophiles et hydrophobes ont été utilisés. Dans une première série d’expériences, un procédé millifluidique simple a été mis au point. Il permet de générer, stocker et surveiller simultanément une centaine de gouttelettes de même volume (de l’ordre de μl), régulièrement espacées. Elles sont séparées par la phase ‘invité’ (CP) dans un tuyau en polymère fluoré (PFA) transparent. Chacune d’elles se comporte comme un réacteur indépendant. Une vision sur l’effet mémoire est obtenue en menant des mesures statistiques sur la nucléation des hydrates quand les gouttes d’eau sont refroidies au-dessous de 7°C. Cette méthode permet aussi de visualiser des événements dans des gouttes individuelles, tels que la naissance et la croissance de l’hydrate (surtout lorsqu’un additive tel qu’un inhibiteur est rajouté dans l’eau), ainsi que la formation d’une émulsion de CP dans l’eau pendant la dissociation de l’hydrate. Dans une deuxième série d’expériences, une seule goutte d’eau est posée ou pendue d’un substrat en verre et immergée dans du CP. Elle est observée par microscopie sous des séquences différentes de refroidissement – échauffement. Il a été observé que la cristallisation d’hydrates dépend fortement du sous-refroidissement. Deux nouveaux phénomènes ont été observés:(i) la propagation d’un « halo » d’hydrate le long de l’interface verre/CP depuis la ligne de contact de la goutte d’eau.(ii) cristallisation de l’hydrate dans une émulsion 2D de CP dans l’eau.Les deux types d’outils développés dans cette thèse ouvrent des nouvelles perspectives pour élucider les mécanismes de formation et dissociation d’hydrates en présence d’additives (promoteurs et inhibiteurs) et en présence d’un substrat minéral. Les applications comprennent les hydrates dans des environnements sédimentaires, séparation de gaz, etc. / The mechanisms of formation and dissociation of cyclopentane (CP) hydrates, which form at ambient pressure and temperatures between 0°C and 7°C, have been observed in/on/near water drops immersed in CP at scales ranging from a few nanometers to the millimeter by a variety of techniques including macrophotography and optical microscopy under various modes: bright field, differential interference contrast (DIC), fluorescence and confocal reflectance. The substrates used are either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. In a first series of experiments, a simple millifluidic method is implemented. It allows to generate, store and monitor at the same time almost a hundred of regularly-spaced water droplets of equal volume (in the µl range) separated by the guest (CP) phase in a transparent fluorinated polymeric (PFA) (hydrophobic) tubing, each droplet behaving as an independent reactor for hydrate crystallization. Insights into the ‘memory effect’ are gained by measuring the statistics of hydrate nucleation events in these reactors when chilling below 7°C the water drops. The method also allows the visualization of single-drop events such as hydrate birth and growth, and the formation of a CP-in-water emulsion upon hydrate melting, especially when an additive such as an inhibitor is added to the water. In a second series of experiments, a single water droplet in CP, either sitting or hanging from a glass substrate, is observed by microscopy under various cooling and heating sequences. Hydrate crystallization (nucleation and growth) is observed to strongly depend on subcooling at the water drop/CP interface. Two novel phenomena are visualized in detail:(i) the propagation, from the contact line of the water drop, of a hydrate halo along the glass/CP interface. (ii) hydrate crystallization in a two-dimensional CP-in-water emulsion.The two types of tools developed in this thesis open new perspectives for elucidating the mechanisms of hydrate formation and dissociation in presence of additives (promoters and inhibitors) and in the presence of a mineral substrate. Applications include hydrates in sedimentary environments, flow assurance, gas separation, etc.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que é possível buscar por estrelas pobres em metais a partir da premissa de que uma grande fração destas será rica em carbono. Essa hipótese ainda não havia sido verificada pois muitas das chamadas estrelas CEMP (Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor) foram negligenciadas em estudos anteriores devido à forma como foram executadas as buscas por estas estrelas. Estes objetos são importantes pois assumem o papel de registros fósseis das primeiras gerações estelares, uma vez que retêm em suas atmosferas informações vitais acerca da composição química do meio em que foram geradas. Por não apresentarem bandas moleculares intensas de carbono em seus espectros, muitas dessas estrelas não foram selecionadas para estudos em média/alta resolução. Este trabalho fornece, a partir do estudo da parte estelar do projeto HES (Hamburg/ESO Survey), que contém 4.404.908 objetos, dois novos índices de linha para a região da banda G do CH, em 4304 Å. Estes, pelo fato de possuírem uma largura de banda de 200 Å, conseguem superar falhas dos índices anteriormente definidos e representam com fidelidade as principais características desta região. Após uma análise detalhada da base de dados, e do cálculo dos novos índices de linha para todos os objetos disponíveis, foram identificadas com o telescópio SOAR 132 estrelas pobres em metais inéditas na literatura, sendo que 51% destas possuem metalicidades abaixo de [Fe/H] < -1.0 e apresentam consideráveis enriquecimentos em carbono ([C/Fe] > +0.5). Já para as estrelas encontradas com [Fe/H] < -2.5, a fração de estrelas com abundâncias de carbono [C/Fe] > +1.0 chega a 80%. Estimativas de abundâncias de elementos químicos tais como bário e estrôncio revelam que, mesmo com parâmetros atmosféricos e abundâncias de carbono semelhantes, as estrelas analisadas por este trabalho possuem mais de um tipo de cenário possível para sua formação. Neste ínterim, os objetos adicionados à literatura contribuem tanto para o aumento da estatística de estrelas pobres em metais quanto para testes de modelos teóricos de enriquecimento químico da Via Láctea. Finalmente, este trabalho também gerou uma lista de 6123 candidatas a estrelas CEMP inéditas na literatura. / The main goal of this work is to show that is possible to search for metal-poor stars based on the premise that a large fraction of these will be carbon-rich. This hypothesis had not yet been verified because many of the so-called CEMP (Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor) stars were neglected in previous studies due to the design of the search for metal-poor stars with carbon enhancements. Those objects play a major role as fossil records of the very first generation of stars, since they carry in their atmospheres vital informations concerning the chemical composition of the medium where they were formed. By not showing strong carbon molecular bands in their spectra, many of those stars were not selected for follow-up studies in medium/high resolution. This work provides, based on the study of the stellar part of the HES (Hamburg/ESO Survey), two new line indices for the G band (4304 Å) that, by having a line band of 200 Å, can overcome the flaws of the previously defined indices and also truly represent the main features of this region. After an extensive analysis of the database and the calculation of the line indices for all the available objects, 132 new metal-poor stars were identified with the SOAR telescope, being that 51% of those stars with [Fe/H] < 1.0 present considerable carbon enhancements ([C/Fe]> +0.5). For the observed stars with [Fe/H] < 2.5, the fraction of objects with [C/Fe] > +1.0 rises up to 80%. Abundance estimates for barium and strontium show that, even with similar atmospheric parameters and carbon abundances, the stars analysed in this work have more than one possible formation scenario. Finally, this work also contributes with a 6123 CEMP star candidate list of unpublished objects.

<p>This essay is a narrative analyze of the computer game Halo. The purpose of the essay is to see what function the narrative elements have in a computer game of the action genre. The analyze is done with a neo-formalistic approach according to the theory of David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson. The choice of game was based on it's positive reviews mentioning the story. The essay tries to give a picture of research in the field and researchers views on narratives and computer games. </p><p>The conclusion is that this particular game uses the narrative to motivate progress through the game and give the player a goal to play towards. It's also been used to enhance the players experience. </p> / <p>Uppsatsen gör en analys av de narrativa delarna i datorspelet Halo. Syftet med uppsatsen är att se vilken funktion de narrativa elementen fyller i ett datorspel i actiongenren. Analysen har gjort utifrån neoformalistisk teori enligt David Bordwell och Kristin Thompson. Valet av spel gjordes utifrån de positiva recensioner spelet fått som nämner historien i spelet. Uppsatsen försöker ge en bild av dagens forskning inom datorspel och narrativ och den bild framstående forskare har. </p><p>Slutsatsen är att spelet har använt narrativ för att fungera som drivkraft genom spelet och att ge spelaren det mål som man ska spela mot för att vinna. Det har också använts för att förhöja spelarens upplevelse. </p>

La memòria consta de dues parts. En la primera d'elles s'estudien les òrbites homoclíniques i heteroclíniques associades als punts d'equilibri triangulars del problema restringit circular i pla per valors del paràmetre de masses compresos entre 0.1 i 0.5, es donen resultats referents a la seva forma i nombre. En la segona part òrbita halo al voltant del punt l1 del sistema terra-sol, utilitzant les idees geomètriques que proporciona la teoria dels sistemes dinàmics. Es comença l'estudi per models senzills a fi de veure l'essencial de la geometria del problema i la influencia de la lluna, per finalitzar utilitzant el model de sistema solar real donat per les efemèrides del JPL.

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This essay is a narrative analyze of the computer game Halo. The purpose of the essay is to see what function the narrative elements have in a computer game of the action genre. The analyze is done with a neo-formalistic approach according to the theory of David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson. The choice of game was based on it's positive reviews mentioning the story. The essay tries to give a picture of research in the field and researchers views on narratives and computer games. The conclusion is that this particular game uses the narrative to motivate progress through the game and give the player a goal to play towards. It's also been used to enhance the players experience. / Uppsatsen gör en analys av de narrativa delarna i datorspelet Halo. Syftet med uppsatsen är att se vilken funktion de narrativa elementen fyller i ett datorspel i actiongenren. Analysen har gjort utifrån neoformalistisk teori enligt David Bordwell och Kristin Thompson. Valet av spel gjordes utifrån de positiva recensioner spelet fått som nämner historien i spelet. Uppsatsen försöker ge en bild av dagens forskning inom datorspel och narrativ och den bild framstående forskare har. Slutsatsen är att spelet har använt narrativ för att fungera som drivkraft genom spelet och att ge spelaren det mål som man ska spela mot för att vinna. Det har också använts för att förhöja spelarens upplevelse.

Dans le cadre de l'Approche Elargie pour la Fusion conclue entre le Japon et l'Europe, le projet IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility) a été lancé pour l'étude des futurs matériaux pour la fusion qui devront résister à d'intenses flux de neutrons. Un composant majeur en est son ensemble de deux accélérateurs à très haute puissance (2×5 MW) qui produit le flux de neutrons en bombardant une cible de Lithium avec un faisceau de Deutérium à une énergie de 40 MeV. Vues ces spécifications ambitieuses, une première phase appelée EVEDA (Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activity) prévoit l'étude et la réalisation d'un accélérateur prototype à l'échelle un jusqu'à 9 MeV au Japon. Le travail de cette thèse concerne le domaine de la Physique des Accélérateurs. Il consiste en des études de dynamique faisceau pour l'accélérateur prototype LIPAc, caractérisé par une intensité et une puissance jamais encore réalisées, exigeant de ce fait des qualités de faisceau exceptionnelles. Les caractéristiques de cet accélérateur, font qu'il requiert de nombreuses études et simulations pour toutes les étapes de sa mise en service. En parallèle, des études de fond sur les interactions coeur-halo et les effets de la charge d'espace dans les accélérateurs intenses, seront aussi menées. En particulier une nouvelle définition du halo d'un faisceau de particules, adaptée à l'étude de ces accélérateurs sera proposée et appliquée. / As part of the Broader Approach to Fusion concluded between Japan and Europe, the IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility) project was launched for the study of future fusion materials resisting intense neutron fluxes. A major component of it is the couple of twin high power accelerators (2 × 5 MW) which will produce the neutron flux by bombarding a Lithium target with a deuterium beam at an energy of 40 MeV. Considering these ambitious specifications, a first phase called EVEDA (Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activity) is ongoing to provide the design and construction of an up to scale prototype accelerator to an energy of 9 MeV in Japan. The work of this thesis belongs to the field of Accelerators Physics. It consists of beam dynamics studies for the prototype accelerator LIPAc, characterized by unprecedented current and power, thereby requiring outstanding beam quality. The characteristics of this accelerator, makes many studies and simulations for all stages of its commissioning required. Concurrently, background studies on core-halo interactions and on the effects of space charge on high current beams will also be conducted. In particular a new definition of the halo of a particle beam, adapted to the study of these accelerators will be proposed and implemented.