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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
681

Avaliação ecocardiográfica da função do átrio esquerdo como marcadora de eventos em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca / Correlation between the left atrial strain by two-dimensional speckle tracking and the clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure

Francisco Thiago Tomaz de Sousa 30 October 2017 (has links)
Introdução: O strain do átrio esquerdo (AE) permite uma análise quantitativa da função do AE. A relevância clínica desta medida é dependente da informação incremental à análise da função do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), particularmente importante em indivíduos portadores de insuficiência cardíaca (IC). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto prognóstico da disfunção atrial em pacientes com IC. Método: Ecocardiograma foi realizado em 217 pacientes em ritmo sinusal com IC e fração de ejeção (FE) do VE<40%. A análise do strain do AE foi avaliada por meio do speckle tracking, usando o QRS como referência. O seguimento foi realizado prospectivamente para avaliar a ocorrência de morte e transplante cardíaco (desfecho primário), além de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) e internação por IC. A associação do strain de reservatório, de conduto e de contração ativa com os desfechos foram avaliados por meio de análise univariada e multivariada de regressão de Cox. Resultados: Pacientes apresentaram idade média de 58±12 anos, sendo 62% homens e FE média de 29%±6. O tempo de seguimento médio foi de 2,8 anos. Os desfechos primário e secundário ocorreram em 18 e 54%, respectivamente. O strain de reservatório e de contração ativa estiveram relacionados com os desfechos primários, e o strain de reservatório e conduto estiveram relacionados com o desfecho secundário independentemente da idade, sexo, FE, classe funcional, regurgitação mitral ou grau de disfunção diastólica (p<0,05). Conclusão: O strain de reservatório do AE é um marcador independente de eventos adversos em pacientes portadores de IC e disfunção ventricular moderada e importante. Nossos achados sugerem que o strain do AE pode auxiliar na estratificação de risco de pacientes com IC. / Background: Left atrial (LA) strain imaging enables the quantitative assessment of LA function. The clinical relevance of these measurements is dependent on the provision of information incremental to the left ventricular (LV) evaluation, particulary important in heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was analyze the potential prognostic role of LA function in patients with HF. Methods: Echocardiography was undertaken in 217 patients with HF, left ventricular ejection fraction(EF)<40% and sinus rhythm. LA function was analyzed by speckle-tracking, using R-R gating. A prospective follow-up was conducted to report death and cardiac transplantation (primary endpoint), in addition to acute myocardial infarction, stroke and hospital admission (secondary endpoint). The association between LA reservoir, conduit and pump strain with adverse outcomes were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression model. Results: Patients mean age 58±12 years, 62% men and mean EF 29±6%. Mean follow-up time was 2,8 years. The primary and secondary endpoints ocurred in 18 and 54%, respectively. LA reservoir and pump were associated with the primary endpoint, and LA reservoir and conduit were associated with secondary endpoint independently of age, sex, EF, functional class, mitral regurgitation or diastolic function (p<0,05). Conclusion: LA reservoir strain is an independent predictor of adverse events in pacients with moderate and severe HF. This finding suggests that LA strain can help as a marker in the risk stratification of patients with HF.
682

Prognóstico em portadores de insuficiência cardíaca encaminhados para avaliação de tratamento cirúrgico / Prognosis in outpatients with heart failure referred to surgical treatment

Humberto Felício Gonçalves de Freitas 03 July 2002 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o prognostico de portadores de insuficiência cardíacadoe diferentes etiologias, incluindo a Doença de Chagas, na década de noventa ern uma unica intituição. Foram avaliados 1 220 pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca encaminhados para avaliação de tratamento cirúrgico, acompanhados por período de 25,6+- 26 meses. As idades variavarn entre 13 e 72 anos (45,5 +- 11 anos); 952 (78%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 268 (22%) do feminino.A insuficiência cardíaca foi considerada idiopática em 454 (37,2%) doentes. A etiologia da insuficiência cardiaca foi a Doença de Chagas em 242 (19,8%) pacientes, a isquemia em 121 (17,4%) a hipertensiva em 170 (13,9%) e outras etiologias em 142 (11,7%). O tratamento medicamentoso padrão incluiu os inibidordes da enzimaa conversora da anqiotensma. Depois da análise exploratória Inicial, foi realizada análise de sobrevivência, pelo método de Kaplan Meier para cada variável clínica observada. Em seguida, realizaram-se análises dos riscos proporcionais pelo método de Regressão de Cox univariada e multivariada para avaliar o proqnostico por meio de variáveis clínicas não invasivas por meio de variáveis clínicas não invasivas (modelo não invasivo) e variáveis obtidas do cateterismo cardíaco direito (modelo invasivo). Quatrocentos e vinte e cinco (34,8%) pacientes morreram na evolução 74 (6,1 %) foram submetidos a transplante cardíaco e 28 (2,3%) foram submetidos a outras intervenções cirúrgicas. Com o emprego do modelo não invasivo, foram identificados a etiologia da Doença de Chagas (risco relativo 2,72), o diâmetro diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (risco relativo 1,13) e a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (risco relativo 0,96), como as variáveis mais importantes relacionadas com o prognóstico. Com o emprego do modelo invasivo foram identificados o índice cardíaco (risco relativo 0,40) e a etiologia da Doença de Chagas (risco relativo 9,13) como as variáveis mais importantes relacionadas com o prognóstico. A Doença de Chagas foi identificada nesta casuística como o principal fator prognóstico em pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca sintomática grave encaminhados para avaliação de tratamento cirúrgico / To evaluate clinical determinants of prognosis in a hospital based series of outpatients with severe failure of differente etiologies, including Chagas\' heart disease, we followed up a large series of patients in the nineties in a Instituition. 1220 outpatients referred for treatment of heart failure in a tertiary care university hospital dedicated to cardiology were followed-up for 25.6 +- months. The ages of the patients ranged between 13 and 72 (45.5 +- 11) years, 952 (78%) patients were men and and 268 patients (22%) women. Heart failure was attrubuted to indiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in 454 (37.2%) patients. Etiologies were Chagas\' heart disease in 242 (19.8%) patients, ischemic heart disease in 212 (17.4%) in hypertensive heart disease in 170 (13.9%) and others in 142 (11.7% ). Therapy included anqiotensin converting enzimy inhibitors titrated to the patients\' needs and standard therapy to heart failure. The probability of survival of the patients was assessed through Kaplan Meier method for each clinical variable. Subsequently, an univariate Cox proportional hazard was fitted and multivariate analysis was performed for evaluating prognosis, through pooled non-invasive clinical variables (invasive model). 425 (34.8%) patients died in the follow-up, 74 (6.1%) patients underwent heart transplantation and 28 (2.3%) underwent other surgical interventions. Through the non-invasive model Chagas\' heart disease etiology (relative risk 2.72), left ventricular injection fraction (relative risk 0.96) were identified as the leading determinants of prognosis. Through the invasive model Chagas heart etiology (relative risk of 9.13) and the cardiac index (relative risk 0.40) identified as the most important determinants of prognosis. Chagas disease etiology of heart failure referred to surgical treatment.
683

Idoso com insuficiência cardíaca: significados atribuídos à sua condição de adoecimento e ao tratamento

Antonáccio, Renata 14 July 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-08-30T11:30:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 renataantonaccio.pdf: 2594829 bytes, checksum: 73866814401d933637236915d17b7bd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-31T11:34:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renataantonaccio.pdf: 2594829 bytes, checksum: 73866814401d933637236915d17b7bd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-31T11:34:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renataantonaccio.pdf: 2594829 bytes, checksum: 73866814401d933637236915d17b7bd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / Com a mudança ao longo dos dois últimos anos do perfil de morbimortalidade da população idosa, a doença cardiovascular representa hoje, no Brasil, a maior causa de morte. Existem estudos sobre a insuficiência cardíaca no idoso com enfoque na área biológica, porém há escassez de trabalhos que abordem o problema pela ótica do próprio idoso doente. Assim objetivamos estudar os significados de ser portador de insuficiência cardíaca sob a ótica de pacientes idosos. Trata-se de um estudo que empregou a metodologia clínico-qualitativa. Os sujeitos foram idosos a partir de 60 anos de idade, com insuficiência cardíaca, atendidos em dois hospitais. Utilizamos as técnicas de entrevista não dirigida e observação participante para coletar dados e o método de análise de conteúdo para analisá-los. Para ancorar esta pesquisa, o referencial teórico utilizado foram os estudos desenvolvidos por Perestrello e a psicossomática de Mello Filho. Participaram da pesquisa 11 idosos. Após as análises, emergiram duas categorias: “O Significado de estar com insuficiência cardíaca”, com as subcategorias: 1. O sentido iminente da morte e o medo de morrer. 2. Do desamparo vivido ao amparo familiar. 3. Aspectos emocionais que antecedem a cirurgia e a necessidade de comunicação; e a segunda categoria “Tratamento recebido durante a hospitalizado”, com a subcategoria: 1. Cuidado humanizado num hospital, 2. Equipe multidisciplinar e comunicação. Percebemos que por estarem doentes e terem que passar por cirurgia cardíaca, surgiram emoções que os colocaram em uma condição de limitação, tanto física como mentalmente que lhes causou tristeza, medo de morrer e angústia pelo desconhecido. Pudemos observar que a comunicação, quando não estabelecida de forma adequada e clara, não facilita o entendimento do paciente ao que lhe é dito, deixando-o com medo e ansioso, a ponto de fazê-lo desistir do tratamento. No que tange à forma como foram tratados pelos profissionais no hospital, no período de internação, os idosos relataram respeito, zelo e carinho, além de postura alegre, atenção, dedicação de alguns minutos de conversa e educação no convívio com eles. Destaca-se como resultado importante e curioso o fato de não necessariamente apresentarem extrema preocupação por estarem fisicamente incapacitados devido à doença ou por serem idosos, mas com o fato de que a morte os afastaria do convívio com seus familiares. Trata-se de um sentimento inverso de perda, uma vez que demonstram subliminarmente a necessidade de afeto imediato dos seus familiares. Os idosos do estudo têm espírito jovem e objetivos para as suas vidas. Assim sendo, concluímos que deve ser aperfeiçoada a comunicação dos profissionais de saúde com o idoso portador de insuficiência cardíaca, por meio do ensino de técnicas que os auxiliem a manter um canal de comunicação mais efetivo. Torna-se importante a manutenção do acolhimento, percebido nas falas dos pacientes, quando se referem à equipe de saúde, e a capacitação da equipe de enfermagem para um cuidado humanizado. Fundamental também que o trabalho multiprofissional seja cada vez mais uma realidade. / Over the past two years following some shifts in the morbidity and mortality profile of the elderly population, cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death in Brazil. There are a number of studies focusing heart failure among the elderly specifically in the biological area, but there seems to be a lack of research approaching the subject from the perspective of the elderly patient himself/herself. Thus our purpose is to investigate the meanings of being a patient with heart failure considering the older population. This is a study using the clinical-qualitative methodology among elderly people aged over 60 suffering from heart failure assisted in two hospitals. Non-directive interviews, participant observation and the method of content analysis were used to collect data and analyze them. As a theoretical framework the studies carried out by Perestrello as well as Mello Filho psychosomatics approach were used. Eleven elderly participants joined the research. Following the analysis, two categories have emerged: "The Meaning of being a heart failure patient", with some subcategories: 1. The sense of our impeding death and the fear of dying. 2. From experiences of helplessness to family support. 3. Emotional Aspects arising before the surgery and the need for Communication; and the second category: "Treatment provided by the health team to the hospitalized patient" with the subcategory: 1. Treatment for hospitalized elderly: care with humanization, multidisciplinary teamwork and communication. As a result, it was observed that due to the fact that they are ill and facing the need to undergo a cardiovascular surgery some emotions came to the surface creating conditions of physical and mental limitation which may be the cause of sadness, fear of death and anguish of the unknown. We could note that when communication does not happen properly or clearly, the understanding process becomes more difficult for the patient, causing fear, anxiety and even a wish to abandon treatment. The patients’ experience about how they were treated during the hospitalization period involves respect, caring and affection delivered by nursing technicians, registered nurse, physician, cleaning and catering service employees. They spent time with professionals who maintained a positive attitude, providing attention, talking to them and demonstrating politeness during the interaction. As an interesting finding we may remark that they express deep concern not about being physically disabled because of the disease or advanced age, but rather due to the fact that if they die they will no longer be among their families which constitutes a backward sense of loss. Besides they demonstrate an underlying need to get more affection from family members and fell mentally renewed, ready to reach goals in life. We conclude therefore that communication with the patient should be improved by means of teaching techniques that enable professionals to keep a more effective communication channel open with regard to the understanding of illness and treatment in elderly heart failure patients. It becomes relevant to make patients feel cared, as it was mentioned by them approaching the health team, and prepare the nursing team to provide humanized care allowing multiprofessional teamwork to be increasingly feasible.
684

Validação do instrumento para mensuração do impacto da doença no cotidiano do valvopata - IDCV em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca = Validation of the instrument to measure the impact of coronary disease on patient's everyday life - CVID in patients with heart failure / Validation of the instrument to measure the impact of coronary disease on patient's everyday life - CVID in patients with heart failure

Rodrigues, Simey de Lima Lopes, 1983- 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Roberta Cunha Matheus Rodrigues / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T01:37:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_SimeydeLimaLopes_M.pdf: 2819778 bytes, checksum: d9c267eec7a1628cc45cc8cd0d4f80f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo geral avaliar as propriedades de medida do Instrumento de Mensuração do Impacto da Doença no Cotidiano do Valvopata - IDCV, quando aplicado em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) em seguimento ambulatorial. Foram objetivos específicos verificar a praticabilidade, a aceitabilidade, os efeitos teto e chão, a confiabilidade e validade de constructo convergente e discriminante deste instrumento. A amostra foi constituída por 135 pacientes com IC em seguimento ambulatorial em hospital universitário do interior do Estado de São Paulo. A confiabilidade foi estimada em relação à consistência interna e estabilidade da medida. A validade discriminante foi testada em relação à presença e gravidade dos sintomas de acordo com a classificação funcional da New York Heart Association (CF-NYHA), à fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo - FEVE (normal ou rebaixada) e à disfunção sistólica e diastólica com FEVE preservada. A validade de constructo foi estimada por meio da correlação entre o IDCV e as medidas genérica e específica de qualidade de vida relaciona à saúde (QVRS), obtidas por meio do The Medical Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) e do Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (LHFQ), respectivamente. Para comparação dos escores do IDCV entre dois grupos foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney e entre três ou mais grupos, a ANOVA com transformação por postos, seguida do teste de Tukey para localização das diferenças. A aceitabilidade do IDCV foi avaliada pelo percentual de itens não respondidos e pela proporção de pacientes que responderam a todos os itens. Os efeitos teto e chão foram calculados pela percentagem de pacientes que pontuaram nos 10% melhores e piores resultados da escala, respectivamente. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi empregado para estimar a consistência interna; a estabilidade da medida foi estimada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC). Para testar a relação entre os escores do IDCV e as medidas de QVRS geral e específica foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Quanto à aceitabilidade, todos os pacientes responderam a todos os itens. O efeito teto foi encontrado no domínio Adaptação a doença e o efeito chão nos domínios Impacto físico da doença - sintomas e Impacto social e emocional do IDCV. Foi constatado alfa de Cronbach satisfatório para o IDCV total e para maioria dos seus domínios; a reprodutibilidade da medida foi evidenciada pelo ICC> 0,90 para o escore total e domínios, exceto no domínio Adaptação a doença. O IDCV foi capaz de discriminar o impacto da doença em relação à presença e gravidade dos sintomas segundo a CF-NYHA, sendo sensitivo em discriminar sujeitos com menor gravidade dos sintomas e aqueles classificados nos extremos da CFNYHA; também discriminou o impacto em relação à FEVE normal ou rebaixada, embora pacientes com FEVE normal tenham relatado maior impacto da doença. Entretanto, o IDCV não discriminou em relação à disfunção diastólica com FEVE preservada. As hipóteses de validade convergente foram apoiadas por meio de correlações significativas, de moderada a forte magnitude entre domínios similares das medidas genérica (SF-36) e específica (LHFQ) de QVRS. Entretanto, correlações de moderada a forte magnitude foram encontradas entre domínios dissimilares do IDCV e o SF-36 e LHFQ. Conclui-se que o IDCV é um instrumento de fácil compreensão, com evidências de confiabilidade e validade discriminante e de constructo convergente quando aplicado em pacientes com IC em seguimento ambulatorial. Recomenda-se a realização de novos estudos para avaliar a estrutura de fatores e a responsividade do IDCV, com vistas ao seu emprego na avaliação de intervenções no impacto da IC em ensaios clínicos randomizados / Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate the properties of measure of the Instrument for Measurement of the Impact of the disease in the daily life of patients with valve heart disease (IDCV), when applied to patients with heart failure (HF) outpatients. The specific objectives were to determine the feasibility, acceptability, ceiling and floor effects, the reliability and discriminant and convergent validity this instrument. The sample was composed of patients with HF (n=135) who were outpatients at a university hospital in the state of São Paulo. Reliability was estimated by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and stability of the measure (intraclass correlation coefficient - ICC). Discriminant validity was tested by comparing the IDCV between groups of patients with different severity of HF, categorized according to the Functional Classification of the New York Heart Association (NYHA-FC), those with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) normal or lowered, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction with LVEF normal or lowered. Construct validity was estimated by the correlation between the IDCV and the generic and specific measures of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), obtained through the application of The Medical Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey - SF-36 and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (LHFQ), respectively. For comparison of scores between two groups of IDCV, the Mann- Whitney test was used and between three or more groups, ANOVA with ranks transformation was conducted, followed by the Tukey test for identifying the differences. Acceptability was assessed by the percentage of unanswered items and the proportion of patients who responded to all items. The ceiling and floor effects were calculated as the percentage of patients who scored in the 10% possible best and worst results of the scale, respectively. Cronbach's alpha was used to estimate the internal consistency; the stability of the measure was estimated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To test the relationship between the scores of IDCV and measures of general and specific HRQoL we used the Spearman correlation coefficient. The ceiling effect was observed in domain Adaptation to the disease and floor effects in domains Physical impact to the disease- symptoms and Social and emotional impact to IDCV. Satisfactory Cronbach's alpha was demonstrated for the majority of the domains; the stability of the measure was supported by the ICC> 0.90 for total score and domains, except to domain Adaption to the disease. The IDCV was able to discriminate the impact of the disease for the presence and severity of symptoms according to NYHA, being sensitive in discriminating subjects with less severe symptoms and those classified at the extremes of NYHA-FC; also discriminated impact in relation the LVEF normal or lowered, although patients with normal LVEF have reported greater impact of the disease. Nevertheless, the IDCV was not able to discriminate the impact of the disease regarding diastolic dysfunction with normal LVEF. The convergent validity hypotheses were supported by significant correlations of moderate-strong magnitude between similar domains of the generic (SF-36) and specific (LFHQ) measures of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). However, correlations of moderate-strong magnitude between not similar domains of IDCV and the SF-36 and LFHQ were found. It was concluded that IDCV is as instrument of easy understanding, with evidence of reliability and discriminate validity and convergent construct when applied to HF outpatients. It is recommended that further studies to evaluate the structure factors and the responsiveness of IDCV, with a view to its use in assessing the impact of IC interventions in randomized clinical trials / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
685

När hjärtat sviktar - patienters erfarenheter av egenvård : En litteraturöversikt / When your heart is failing - the patients experience of self-care : A literature review

Hjelmstam, Elin, Lindberg, Victoria, Evenholm, Therese January 2018 (has links)
Bakgrund: De som lever med hjärtsvikt är en stor patientgrupp i Sverige. Tidigare forskning påvisar att egenvård är viktigt vid en kronisk sjukdom. Sjuksköterskans roll är att utbilda och informera patienter om egenvårdsåtgärder. Det eftersträvas att patienten själv ska känna igen symtom, tecken och försämring för att kunna utföra god egenvård. Syfte: Beskriva erfarenheter av egenvård hos patienter med hjärtsvikt utifrån Riegel et al. egenvårdsmodell. Metod: Litteraturöversikten har genomförts utifrån kvalitativ metod och deduktiv ansats. En egenvårdsmodell har använts som teori och en kvalitativ analysmodell har använts i analysprocessen där 12 vetenskapliga artiklar har granskats. Resultat: Patienter med hjärtsvikt beskrev ett behov av att bland annat utforma strategier, ha ett socialt stöd och uppleva psykiskt välbefinnande för att förbättra upplevelsen av egenvård uttryckt från egenvårdsmodellens kategorier self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring och self-care management. Slutsats: Patienternas anpassning i vardagen, psykiska välbefinnande och sociala samhörighet påverkade egenvård. Sjuksköterskan kan utifrån litteraturöversikten få en ökad förståelse för individens upplevelser vilket förväntas påverka bemötandet och utformandet av den personcentrerade omvårdnaden.
686

Upplevelser av att leva med kronisk hjärtsvikt : en litteraturöversikt / Experiences of living with chronic heart failure : a literature review

Thawarom, Sopha January 2017 (has links)
Bakgrund: Epidemiologiska studier har visat att hjärtsvikt ökat över hela västvärlden. En ökning av antalet patienter med hjärtsvikt, kan innebära ökade krav på vården och vårdpersonalen. Det har framstått som nödvändigt att utbilda all vårdpersonal, framför allt sjuksköterskor och distriktsköterskor inom äldreomsorgen, i omvårdnad av patienter med kronisk hjärtsvikt då patienter som drabbas av försämring är i stort behov av stöd. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters upplevelser av att leva med kronisk hjärtsvikt. Metod: Studien som utfördes var en litteraturöversikt, enligt Friberg (2012), innehållandes åtta vetenskapliga studier av kvalitativ design. Datainsamling har skett via Pub Med och CINAHL Complete. Resultat: I resultatet identifierades tre huvudteman med sju underteman. Det första huvudtemat var: Upplevelser av förändringar i livssituationen med följande tre underteman: Att leva med begränsningar, Rädsla inför framtiden och Upplevelser av ensamhet. Det andra huvudtemat var: Erfarenheter av symtom och sjukvård med följande två underteman: Symtom i det dagliga livet och Erfarenheter av sjukvården. Det tredje huvudtemat var: Strategier för att underlätta livet med hjärtsvikt med följande två underteman: Anpassning och Betydelsen av socialt stöd. Diskussion: I resultatdiskussionen belyses upplevelser hos personer med hjärtsvikt i förhållande till Roys adaptionsmodell. Personer med hjärtsvikt har beskrivit olika upplevelser av sjukdomen, de flesta rörande anpassning till den nya livssituationen efter diagnosen. / Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that heart failure have increased all over the western world. An increase in the number of patients with heart failure can entail an increase in the demands on the healthcare system and healthcare personnel. It have shown to be necessary to educate all health care personnel, especially nurses and district nurses active in elderly care, in how to care for patients with chronic heart failure since when the patients deteriorate they are in great need of support. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to enlighten patients experiences of living with heart failure. Method: The conducted study was a literature review, according to Friberg (2012), containing eight scientific studies of qualitative design. Collection of data have been via PubMed and CINAHL Complete  Results: The result identified three main themes with seven sub themes. The first main theme was: Experiences of changes in the life situation with the three following sub themes: Living with limitations, Fear of the future and Experiences of loneliness. The second main theme was: Experiences of symptoms and health care with the two following sub themes: Symptoms in daily life and Experiences of health care. The third main theme was: Strategies to facilitate life with heart failure with the two following sub themes: Adaptation and The importance of social support. Discussion: The result discussion enlightens the experiences of people with heart failure in relation to Roys adaptation model. People with heart failure have described different experiences of the illness, most of them involving adapting to the new life situation after the diagnosis.
687

Patienters erfarenheter av egenvård vid hjärtsvikt / Patients experience of self-care related to heart failure

Johansson, Andreas, Karlsson, Jenni January 2018 (has links)
Hjärtsvikt påverkar patienters dagliga liv och kräver ofta inläggning på sjukhus. Egenvård utförs av patienten och kan leda till en bättre hälsa och ett bättre liv. Genom att beskriva patienternas erfarenheter av faktorer som påverkar egenvård ökar sjuksköterskans kunskap kring hur patienten kan bistås i utförandet av egenvård. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva patientens erfarenheter av faktorer som påverkar egenvård vid hjärtsvikt. Metoden som användes var allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats. Resultatet visade på att faktorer som påverkar egenvård vid hjärtsvikt var kunskap om sjukdomen samt om hur kroppen fungerar för att kunna vidta korrekta åtgärder vid symtom eller försämring. Genom att besitta kunskap om sjukdomstillståndet skapades det en känsla av kontroll hos patienterna, vilket skapade en bättre självkänsla som medförde att patienterna kunde fatta egna beslut om och utföra egenvård. Utöver kunskap var det viktigt att få stöd och motivation från familj och sjukvårdspersonal för att kunna utföra egenvård. Det krävs mer forskning på hur yngre personer med hjärtsvikt upplever sin livssituation för att kunna erbjuda rätt stöd i egenvård för den här patientgruppen. / Heart failure affects a patient’s daily life and sometimes, hospital care is needed. A patient can use self-care to improve their health and create a more satisfying life for themselves. Nurses can gain knowledge, concerning how to assist patients in their self-care, by listening and being receptive to the patients’ different experiences and thoughts on self-care. The aim of the literature review was to describe patients’ experiences of factors that affects self-care in heart failure. A literature review with an inductive approach has been applied. The result showed that factors affecting self-care concerning heart failure were knowledge, of the disease and the human body, to be able to institute accurate actions when symptoms arises, or the patient deteriorates. By gaining knowledge of the medical condition, the patient experienced a sense of control over their lives and their disease. This resulted in a better self-esteem, which made it easier for patients to implement self-care, and make their own decisions. In addition to knowledge, support and motivation were needed for the patient to be able to perform self-care. More research is needed on how younger people with heart failure experience their life situation to provide the right support in self-care for this patient group.
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Distriktsköterskans strategier för att stärka egenvård hos personer med hjärtsvikt i hemmet : En integrativ litteraturstudie / District Nurse's supporting strategies to strengthen self-care in patients with heart failure

Ahnfelt, Camilla, Wolmestam, Malena January 2018 (has links)
Den äldre befolkningen i Sverige ökar dramatiskt medans resurser minskar. Hjärtsvikt är en av Sveriges främsta folksjukdomar och en vanlig orsak till vårdkontakt och sjukhusvistelse för äldre personer. Symtom vid hjärtsvikt kan vara påfrestande och påverkar livskvalitén negativt för både patienter och närstående. Många äldre personer med hjärtsvikt bor kvar hemma och är i behov av stöd för att kunna hantera sin sjukdom och minska återinläggningar. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att beskriva distriktssköterskans strategier för att stärka egenvård hos patienter med hjärtsvikt i hemsjukvård. Metoden är en integrativ litteraturstudie där 19 artiklar av både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder ingår. Resultatet visar på fyra kategorier som tar upp strategier vilka distriktssköterskan kan tillämpa för att stärka egenvården hos patienter med hjärtsvikt; grundläggande förutsättningar för distriktssköterskan, vikten av att utgå från patientens situation och behov, att arbeta med mål och uppföljning samt erbjuda utbildning och kunskap. De grundläggande förutsättningarna handlar främst om distriktsköterskans specialistutbildning och att erfarenhet har stor betydelse i arbetet med egenvård. Andra strategier som framkommer är att se varje individ, arbeta med delaktighet, involvera anhöriga och individanpassa utbildning samt följa upp. Det finns ingen generell strategi att stärka egenvården som fungerar på alla. Distriktssköterskans kompetens är nödvändig i arbetet med att ge individuellt stöd som stärker egenvård. / The older population in Sweden increases dramatically while resources are decreasing. Heart failure is one of the most common diseases in Sweden which causes hospitalization for elderly people. Symptoms of heart failure can be stressful and affect the quality of life negatively for both patients and close relatives. A lot of old people with heart failure lives at home and need support to cope with their illness and reduce hospitalization. The aim of the literature study is to describe district nurses' strategies to strengthen self-care in patients with heart failure in home care. The method is an integrative literature study where 19 articles of both qualitative and quantitative methods are included. The results show four categories that address strategies district nurses can apply to strengthen self-care in patients with heart failure. These are essential conditions for district nurse, the importance of starting from the patient's situation and needs, to work with goals and follow-up as well as offer education and knowledge. The essential conditions are mainly that higher education and experience are of great importance in the work of self-care. Other strategies emerging is to see each individual person as unique, work with participation, involve relatives and individualized education as well as follow up. There is no general strategy to strengthen self-care that works for all. District Nurse skills are necessary in the work of providing individual support that strengthens selfcare.
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Measurement of ejection fraction of the left ventricular - A comparison between echocardiography and isotope angiography

Carlbom, Charlotte January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
690

När hjärtat är skadat : En kvalitativ litteraturbaserad studie som beskriver patienters erfarenheter av att leva med hjärtsvikt / When the heart is damaged : A qualitative literature-based study describing patients experience of living with heart failure

Aronsson, Emma, Magnusson, Hanna January 2018 (has links)
Background: Heart failure is a chronic disease that increases among the population, despite progress in research. Living with heart failure can cause suffering and impaired health due to physical limitations in daily life. Research indicates that patients experience of living with heart failure is paid too little attention in relation to the medical treatment itself. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients' experiences of living with heart failure. Method: This study is based on a method to contribute to evidence-based nursing with ground in analysis of qualitative research. Eleven qualitative articles were analyzed using Fribergsfive step model. Results: Through the analysis three main themes and eight sub-themes were developed. The main themes were: The daily life changes, To be involved in your own care and Listen to your heart. Conclusion: To be diagnosed with heart failure means a life change. Therefore, it is important that the nurse is aware of the physical, and psychological effects of the disease.

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