Transformer ageing is inevitable and it is a challenge for utilities to manage a large fleet of ageing transformers. This means the need for monitoring transformer condition. One of the most widely used methods is oil sampling and testing. Databases of oil test records hence manifest as a great source of information for facilitating transformer ageing assessment and asset management. In this work, databases from three UK utilities including about 4,600 transformers and 65,000 oil test entries were processed, cleaned and analysed. The procedures used could help asset managers in how to approach databases, such as the need for addressing oil contamination, measurement procedure change and oil treatment discontinuities. An early degradation phenomenon was detected in multiple databases/utilities, which was investigated and found to be caused by the adoption of hydrotreatment oil refining technique in the late 1980s. Asset managers may need to monitor more frequently the affected units and restructure long term plans. The work subsequently focused on population analyses which indicated higher voltage transformers (275 kV and 400 kV) are tested more frequently and for more parameters compared with lower voltage units (33 kV and 132 kV). Acidity is the parameter that shows the highest correlation with transformer in-service age. In addition, the influence of the length of oil test records on population ageing trends was studied. It is found that it is possible to have a representative population ageing trend even with a short period (e.g. two years) of oil test results if the transformer age profile is representative of the whole transformer population. Leading from population analyses, seasonal influence on moisture was investigated which implies the importance of incorporating oil sampling temperature for better interpretation of moisture as well as indirectly breakdown voltage records. A condition mismatch between dielectric dissipation factor and resistivity was also discovered which could mean the need for revising the current IEC 60422 oil maintenance guide. Finally, insulation condition ranking was performed through principal component analysis (PCA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). These two techniques were demonstrated to be not just capable alternatives to traditional empirical formula but also allow fast, objective interpretation in PCA case, as well as flexible and comprehensive (objective and subjective incorporations) analysis in AHP case.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:51:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Bergantini Pimentel.pdf: 3884962 bytes, checksum: f28c90b42af488060131d5d660f03671 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-09 / Fragmentos florestais são áreas de vegetação natural interrompidas por barreiras antrópicas ou naturais, capazes de diminuir, significativamente, o fluxo de animais, pólen ou sementes. A borda, o tipo de vizinhança, o grau de isolamento e o tamanho efetivo dos fragmentos florestais são os principais fatores que devem ser considerados, para caracterizar as alterações dos processos biológicos de determinado ecossistema. Os dados mais atuais indicam que restam somente cerca de 11% da vegetação original da Mata Atlântica, distribuída em fragmentos florestais de tamanho reduzido, biologicamente empobrecidos e cuja restauração poderia levar centenas de anos. Diante deste cenário, a restauração de áreas indevidamente desflorestadas torna-se fundamental e urgente, e a produção de sementes florestais necessária para atender projetos. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal elencar fragmentos florestais na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim (sul do Espírito Santo) e entorno do Parque Nacional do Caparaó, estratificados em sítios edafo-climáticos, com maior grau de conservação e mais indicados para a colheita de sementes, por meio do Método Analítico Hierárquico (AHP), usando como variáveis as métricas da ecologia da paisagem. No total, foram identificados 1.620 fragmentos florestais com área superior a 10 ha, que juntos somam área de 1017,3 km² e representam 13,6% da cobertura florestal original. A delimitação resultou em quatro sítios edafo-climáticos, em que a temperatura média anual varia de 19,7 a 24,8 °C. A análise hierárquica identificou 61 fragmentos como de alto potencial, cujo tamanho médio foi de 245,4 ha. A metodologia empregada neste estudo tem potencial para ser usada como suporte de tomada de decisão no momento da seleção de fragmentos para a colheita de sementes, visto que seleciona fragmentos em diferente ambientes e que seus atributos espaciais sugerem maior grau de conservação / Forest fragments are the natural vegetation interrupted by anthropogenic or natural barriers, able to reduce significantly the flow of animals, pollen or seeds. The edge, the type of neighborhood, the degree of isolation and the effective size of forest fragments are the main factors that should be considered to measure changes in biological processes of a particular ecosystem. The most recent data indicate that there are only about 11% of the original vegetation of the Atlantic Forest distributed in forest fragments of small size, biologically impoverished and whose restoration could take hundreds of years. In this scenario, the restoration of deforested areas becomes unduly critical and urgent, and seed production necessary to meet forest projects. This study aimed to list the main fragments, stratified sites in soil and climate, with the highest degree of conservation and more suitable for seed collection, through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), using as variables the metric of landscape ecology. In total, 1620 were identified forest patches with an area exceeding 10 ha, which together sum area of 1017.3 km ² and represents 13.6% of the original forest cover. The division resulted in four sites soil and climate where the average annual temperature varies from 19.7 to 24.8 ° C. The hierarchical analysis showed 61 fragments as high potential, whose average size was 245.4 ha. The methodology used in this study has the potential to be used to support decision-making when selecting pieces for the collection of seeds, since selects fragments in different environments and their spatial attributes suggest a greater degree of conservation

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:51:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Bergantini Pimentel.pdf: 3884962 bytes, checksum: f28c90b42af488060131d5d660f03671 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-09 / Fragmentos florestais são áreas de vegetação natural interrompidas por barreiras antrópicas ou naturais, capazes de diminuir, significativamente, o fluxo de animais, pólen ou sementes. A borda, o tipo de vizinhança, o grau de isolamento e o tamanho efetivo dos fragmentos florestais são os principais fatores que devem ser considerados, para caracterizar as alterações dos processos biológicos de determinado ecossistema. Os dados mais atuais indicam que restam somente cerca de 11% da vegetação original da Mata Atlântica, distribuída em fragmentos florestais de tamanho reduzido, biologicamente empobrecidos e cuja restauração poderia levar centenas de anos. Diante deste cenário, a restauração de áreas indevidamente desflorestadas torna-se fundamental e urgente, e a produção de sementes florestais necessária para atender projetos. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal elencar fragmentos florestais na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim (sul do Espírito Santo) e entorno do Parque Nacional do Caparaó, estratificados em sítios edafo-climáticos, com maior grau de conservação e mais indicados para a colheita de sementes, por meio do Método Analítico Hierárquico (AHP), usando como variáveis as métricas da ecologia da paisagem. No total, foram identificados 1.620 fragmentos florestais com área superior a 10 ha, que juntos somam área de 1017,3 km² e representam 13,6% da cobertura florestal original. A delimitação resultou em quatro sítios edafo-climáticos, em que a temperatura média anual varia de 19,7 a 24,8 °C. A análise hierárquica identificou 61 fragmentos como de alto potencial, cujo tamanho médio foi de 245,4 ha. A metodologia empregada neste estudo tem potencial para ser usada como suporte de tomada de decisão no momento da seleção de fragmentos para a colheita de sementes, visto que seleciona fragmentos em diferente ambientes e que seus atributos espaciais sugerem maior grau de conservação. / Forest fragments are the natural vegetation interrupted by anthropogenic or natural barriers, able to reduce significantly the flow of animals, pollen or seeds. The edge, the type of neighborhood, the degree of isolation and the effective size of forest fragments are the main factors that should be considered to measure changes in biological processes of a particular ecosystem. The most recent data indicate that there are only about 11% of the original vegetation of the Atlantic Forest distributed in forest fragments of small size, biologically impoverished and whose restoration could take hundreds of years. In this scenario, the restoration of deforested areas becomes unduly critical and urgent, and seed production necessary to meet forest projects. This study aimed to list the main fragments, stratified sites in soil and climate, with the highest degree of conservation and more suitable for seed collection, through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), using as variables the metric of landscape ecology. In total, 1620 were identified forest patches with an area exceeding 10 ha, which together sum area of 1017.3 km ² and represents 13.6% of the original forest cover. The division resulted in four sites soil and climate where the average annual temperature varies from 19.7 to 24.8 ° C. The hierarchical analysis showed 61 fragments as high potential, whose average size was 245.4 ha. The methodology used in this study has the potential to be used to support decision-making when selecting pieces for the collection of seeds, since selects fragments in different environments and their spatial attributes suggest a greater degree of conservation

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LunardoAS.pdf: 501752 bytes, checksum: 4b92e4de82be9123f2141ed76a6436df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-16 / This thesis carries through an application of Analysis of Multicriterion Decision with use of the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the problematic one of taking of decision of the adoption of electronic collecting in the system of urban transport in the country, a subject that has been controversial. A modeling of criteria and alternatives is carried through and applied a questionnaire based on method AHP the excellent actors in the system of urban transport - Leading of the Managing Agency Public Municipal theatre of Urban Transports, Controller of Company of Bus, Controller of Labor union, Controller of Union of Companies, Communitarian Leader. The considered alternatives were: the maintenance of the current state with collectors, the implementation of electronic collection without collectors, and the implementation of electronic collection with collectors. The used criteria were: job, impact in the fare, control of the system, easiness of use, information. The study was carried through in the city of Natal, RN, where if the adoption of electronic collection argues and where this implementation in some bus lines between Natal and Parnamirim exists, city that integrates the region of the great Natal. The main results of the method evidence in a dimension, the viability of use of method AHP with questionnaire by means of validation of the judgments with analysis of variance beyond proper the normal mechanisms of analysis of consistency to the method, and in another one, the contribution of the analysis boarding multicriterion to become the judgments more clearly. The main results of the analysis help to show that although to models of criteria and distinct judgments of the actors, the method evidenced that it has inclination the adoption of the electronic collection on the current situation, even so with divergences between the maintenance or not of the collector. The research points to the possibility of accomplishment of the application of the AHP in successive rounds of judgments / Esta Disserta??o de Mestrado realiza uma aplica??o de An?lise de Decis?o Multicrit?rio com uso do m?todo de Processo de Hierarquia Anal?tica (Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP) na problem?tica de tomada de decis?o da ado??o de bilhetagem eletr?nica no sistema de transporte urbano no pa?s, um assunto que tem sido controverso. ? realizada uma modelagem de crit?rios e alternativas e aplicado um question?rio baseado no m?todo AHP a atores relevantes no sistema de transporte urbano Dirigente do ?rg?o Gestor P?blico Municipal de Transportes Urbanos, Dirigente de Empresa de ?nibus, Dirigente de Sindicato de Trabalhadores, Dirigente de Sindicato de Empresas, L?der Comunit?rio. As alternativas consideradas foram: a manuten??o do estado atual com cobradores, a implementa??o de bilhetagem eletr?nica sem cobradores, e a implementa??o de bilhetagem eletr?nica com cobradores. Os crit?rios utilizados foram Emprego, Impacto na Tarifa, Controle do Sistema, Facilidade de Uso, Informa??o. O estudo foi realizado na cidade de Natal, RN, onde se discute a ado??o de bilhetagem eletr?nica e onde existe essa implementa??o em algumas linhas entre Natal e Parnamirim, cidade que integra a regi?o da Grande Natal. Os principais resultados do m?todo evidenciam em uma dimens?o a viabilidade de uso do m?todo AHP com question?rio mediante valida??o dos julgamentos com an?lise de vari?ncia al?m dos mecanismos normais de an?lise de consist?ncia pr?prios ao m?todo, e em outra a contribui??o da abordagem de an?lise multicrit?rio para tornar mais claro os julgamentos. Os principais resultados da an?lise ajudam a mostrar que apesar de modelos de crit?rios e julgamentos distintos dos atores, o m?todo evidenciou que h? domin?ncia final da ado??o da bilhetagem eletr?nica sobre o estado atual, embora com diverg?ncias entre a manuten??o ou n?o do cobrador. A pesquisa aponta para a possibilidade de realiza??o da aplica??o do AHP em rodadas de julgamentos sucessivas

Freqüentemente os profissionais da construção naval tomam decisões para selecionar os elementos que devem ser especificados na composição de determinado projeto. Além da experiência e do conhecimento necessários para optar por um caminho adequado, a escolha deve atender eficientemente ao problema proposto e às preferências do projetista. A seleção de componentes do projeto de estruturas flutuantes para exploração de campos de petróleo no mar envolve aspectos objetivos e subjetivos. O trabalho apresenta e aplica alguns métodos de auxílio à tomada de decisão possibilitando ao projetista aprimorar sua sensibilidade. O objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar de forma sumária as duas bases para a decisão sobre o projeto, que são os métodos de apoio e os requisitos que as instalações FPSO devem atender, fornecendo como resultado um procedimento que permitirá aos usuários a melhor escolha dos componentes e aumentar a sensibilidade dos projetistas na seleção entre as possíveis opções (fazer totalmente novo ou aproveitar o existente). O trabalho apresenta uma revisão dos princípios da análise da decisão, informações sobre métodos de apoio à decisão, os dados de entrada do problema proposto, o método de projetos navais, os requisitos básicos para construção de estruturas flutuantes de exploração de petróleo no mar e os requisitos básicos para uma instalação FPSO. Para a solução do problema se aplicaram os métodos de árvore de decisão, para a parte correspondente às decisões sob risco e o método de análise hierárquica AHP para as decisões tomadas sob certeza. / Frequently, naval construction engineers take decisions to select the elements which must specified for the composition of a determined project. Besides the necessary experience and the knowledge to choose a proper way, the option must fulfil efficiently the problem requirements and the preferences of the designer. The choice of components in the design off-shore structures for production in sea oilfields, involves objective and subjective aspects. This work introduces and uses a few methods of decision aids, helping the designer to improve his sensibility. The objective of this research is to present in a simple way two foundations to decide about the project, which are the aid decision methods and the requirements which the FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading System) must fulfil, supplying a procedure that enables the designer to take the best choice of components and to increase his sensibility referring to the selection among the possible options, wich are to make a completely new FPSO or to use an existing one. This work offers a revision of the principles of the decision analysis theory, the data input of the problem, the classic naval design method, the basic requirements to build floating structures to off-shore oil extraction, and the basic requirements for a FPSO installation. To solve the problem the decision tree method, for decision under risk, and the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), for decision under certainty, were applied.

Orientador: Jose Wilson Magalhães Bassani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T12:39:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_LeticiaSantosda_D.pdf: 931669 bytes, checksum: a042ec9b535989c70d7e76efd1b732dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O Centro de Engenharia Biomédica (CEB) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) gerencia as atividades de manutenção (corretivas e preventivas) de um parque de cerca de 10.000 equipamentos médicos da área de saúde da Universidade, que inclui dois hospitais, dois centros médicos e uma escola de medicina. Para controlar estes serviços, o setor de Engenharia Clínica do CEB possui um sistema de gerenciamento baseado em uma máquina de estados, no qual todas as ordens de serviço (OS) são caracterizadas por trajetórias compostas pelos estados pelos quais cada OS passa durante a sua execução. Os estados são microprocessos ativados para solução de tarefas específicas. Cada mudança entre microprocessos é denominada, neste sistema, transicão. A nossa hipótese de trabalho foi que seria possível implementar no CEB um método de cálculo do custo das OS utilizando a técnica de custeio por atividade (Activity Based Costing, ABC). Para testar esta hipótese, tomamos as atividades (unidades fundamentais para a composição do custo ABC) equivalentes às transicões. Com esta abordagem fomos capazes de extrair o custo ABC das ordens de serviço, calcular o custo dos serviços prestados, exercitar o conceito de lucratividade (simulando valores de venda para cada OS com base no mercado), explicitar os custos das atividades dos indivíduos dentro dos diversos setores do CEB e estudar o impacto sobre o serviço (conjunto de atividades) de um determinado excedente "planejado", mediante o oferecimento de serviços para o mercado. Tendo em vista a possibilidade de calcular lucros para cada tipo de OS, pudemos estudar a aplicação de um processo de decisão, usando a técnica processo de hierarquia analítica (Ana/ytic Hierarchy Process, AHP) para decidir sobre a escolha da manutenção feita por terceiros ou feita pela equipe da casa. Os exercícios de cálculo de custos em diferentes condições ilustram a possibilidade de uso do ABC para gerenciamento baseado em atividade (Activity Based Management, ABM) e resultaram valores compatíveis com a realidade do sistema público universitário de saúde (e.g. custo das OS, custo do trabalho e atividades no CEB). Concluímos que a estratégia adotada de equivalência entre atividades e transições viabiliza e facilita a implementação do sistema ABC (o que confirma a nossa hipótese) e que, tendo em vista os preços praticados no mercado, um excedente da venda de serviço pode ser gerado, mesmo em um sistema público de saúde como o da UNICAMP, no qual os custos, essencialmente fixos (e.g. pessoal, depreciação, custos gerais), não podem ser reduzidos de modo trivial / Abstract: The Center for Biomedical Engineering (CEB) at 8tate University of Campinas (UNICAMP) manages the maintenance activities (corrective and preventive) of about 10,000 medical devices for the health care area of the university, which is comprised by two hospitais, two medical centers and a medicine school. In order to control these maintenance activities, the Clinical Engineering department makes use of a state machine-based management system in which the service orders (80) are characterized by trajectories (sequence of states) constructed while the 80 is processed. The states are microprocesses, which are activated to solve specific tasks. Each transition between two microprocesses (the state transition) is named, in short, a transition. We worked under the hypothesis that it would be feasible to implement at CEB a method for 80 costing based on the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) technique. To test our hypothesis, we made activity, fundamental token for ABC, equivalent to transition. With this approach, we were able to extract the ABC cost of each 80, to estimate cost for a specific service proposal, to exercise the concept of profitability by simulating selling costs for each 80 based in the current market, to explicit activity costs for individual jobs in CEB, and to study the impact of offering external services upon the total amount of activities of a certain "planned profit". By the analysis of 80 involving third party services, we studied the possibility of using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique to choose between third party or in-house services. The different conditions of ABC application in the present work iIIustrated the possibility of using ABC for Activity-Based Management (ABM), with results compatible with the expected figures for a public university health system (which validated our hypothesis). We conclude that our strategy of equivalence between activity and transition made the ABC feasible and relatively simple. We also found that according to the current market prices it is possible to envisage profit even in a health system such as in UNICAMP, in which costs are essentially fixed (e.g. staff, depreciation, general costs) / Doutorado / Engenharia Biomedica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Submitted by Ricardo Tolomei Costa (rtcosta@ymail.com) on 2012-07-16T03:25:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Ricardo Tolomei Costa_MPAGRO_Final.pdf: 3747465 bytes, checksum: 63398bc7a37ca9e0be5bf6191aad7ac1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2012-07-16T12:06:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Ricardo Tolomei Costa_MPAGRO_Final.pdf: 3747465 bytes, checksum: 63398bc7a37ca9e0be5bf6191aad7ac1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-16T12:13:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Ricardo Tolomei Costa_MPAGRO_Final.pdf: 3747465 bytes, checksum: 63398bc7a37ca9e0be5bf6191aad7ac1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-27 / Nos dias de hoje existe uma grande demanda e pressão na seleção e definição de prioridades das alternativas de investimento para alavancar o crescimento de longo prazo das empresas. Em paralelo a este cenário, o ambiente global está cada vez mais incerto, o que implica que as escolhas realizadas por estas empresas devem se adaptar aos novos desejos do mercado e, principalmente, devem manter o direcionamento de crescimento almejado pelas mesmas. Neste contexto conturbado, as ferramentas tradicionais utilizadas para a tomada de decisão, para selecionar e definir as prioridades são as análises econômico-financeira representadas pelo Valor Presente Líquido, a Taxa Interna de Retorno e o Payback. Apesar de estes itens serem métodos robustos e consistentes na avaliação de projetos de investimentos, eles focam apenas em um aspecto (o financeiro), e as empresas, atualmente, estão envolvidas em ambientes que precisam de uma abordagem mais ampla, contemplando outras visões e dimensões não presentes nos estudos financeiros. Ou seja, quando se faz uma análise de carteira de projetos alinhada ao planejamento estratégico, é necessário realizar uma abordagem multicritério envolvendo indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos e disponibilizando aos tomadores de decisão uma informação completa e padronizada de todos os projetos, uma vez que estas iniciativas não possuem características homogêneas, pois cada uma apresenta sua respectiva particularidade e, principalmente, está em diferentes estágios de maturidade. Aliado a estes pontos, é perceptível que o processo de seleção e priorização de projetos necessita de uma sistematização que garanta a esta decisão e a este Portfólio uma maior estabilidade e fidedignidade das informações. Neste trabalho, portanto, foi elaborada uma análise multivariada, mais especificamente, a utilização de sistemas de apoio à tomada de decisão. Foram escolhidos outros critérios além do econômico-financeiro, para suportar a seleção e priorização de projetos no atendimento dos objetivos estratégicos da organização e de seus stakeholders. / Currently, there is an enormous demand and pressure in selecting and defining priorities of investment projects to direct the long term growth in companies. In parallel to this scenario, the global environment continues to be uncertain which means that the choices executed by these companies must adapt to the new market desires and, mainly, keep the growth direction defined by them. In this hectic context, the traditional tools used to make decisions to select and define priorities are financial methods as Net Present Value, Internal Return Rates and Payback. Although these methods are robust and consistent in evaluating investment projects, these procedures are based only in one aspect which is financial, and the companies are involved in an environment that needs a broad approach considering other visions and dimensions which are not included in financial analysis, other words, when you perform a Portfolio analysis aligned with the strategic planning is necessary to head a multi-criteria approach which includes qualitative and quantitative performance indices providing to the decision makers comprehensive and standardized information for all projects, once these initiatives do not have homogeneous characteristics, as each initiative has its respective specificity, and they are in different stages of maturity. In addition to these points, it seems that the process of selecting and prioritizing projects requires a systematization to ensure to this decision and this Portfolio more stability and reliability of the information. In this study, therefore, it has been developed a multivariate analysis, more specifically, using systems to support decision making. It has been chosen criteria other than the economic-financial items, to support the selection and prioritization of projects meeting the strategic objectives of the organization and its stakeholders.

Planning is of vital importance for the development urban areas to facilitate sustainable economic growth and social functions. The traditional, manual ways of planning that depend on biophysical data and use a hierarchical approach are no longer appropriate for site choice since information is rapidly updated today. Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) has been used for about two decades with geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze spatial problems. GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) provides tools for assessing the inherent tradeoffs and mechanisms for incorporating and documenting the value judgments of interest groups and decision makers and is thus a more reasonable and scientific way for site selection to development. Guangzhou, the study area of this paper, is one of the fastest developing and largest cities located in Southern China. This research used the GIS-based MCDA approaches to find the appropriate sites for residential areas in Guangzhou. Satellite images, DEM and several thematic maps of Guangzhou were used in this research. Using different methods and technologies, the data were used to create constraint and factor maps for multi-criteria analysis. After building the MCA model, the weights for multi-criteria analysis were obtained through an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) by comparing the importance of every two factors. Finally, a suitability map for housing development was generated. The result indicates that with the help of GIS and remote sensing technologies, the process of site selection and urban planning can be done in a more effective and scientific way. The limitation and future perspective of GIS based MCDA methods are discussed.

金融科技是當前歐美先進國家之潮流趨勢，由於資訊科技的進步，現今金融業者面對外在競爭者不再只侷限於傳統金融業者，新創科技業者也加入角逐金融服務這塊大餅，破壞式創新正在我國加速發酵中。金融科技新興商業模式的興起，涉及各個不同面向與關鍵成功因素，這些面向與關鍵因素之間的相對權重，乃是相關產業與政府部門值得深入探討的課題。 本研究旨在探討台灣金融科技關鍵因素之權重分析，藉由相關文獻的蒐集與彙整，建立層級架構，主層級架構包含四個面向：政府面向指標、業者面向指標、顧客面向指標、以及技術安全指標，藉由此四項指標整合出各項次層級之影響因素，透過層級分析法進行研究分析，整理出各項影響因素的權重排序。 本研究透過市場調查，將問卷對象分為兩類，包括專家以及學生群組，經過問卷調查後發現，不論專家或是學生群組，皆認為「技術安全指標」是金融科技發展中最重要的關鍵指標。在整體問卷實證結果中，關鍵因素之權重排序依次為：「提升消費者信賴程度」(0.0864)、「法規的鬆綁與調整」(0.0563)、「使用者身份加密機制」(0.0523)、「勒索軟體之威脅」(0.0488)、以及「殭屍病毒之威脅」(0.0475)。 不同群組的問卷對象之調查結果顯示，專家群組認為「提升消費者信賴程度」(0.1112) 以及「擴增消費者體驗」(0.0586)為前二重要的影響因子；學生群組認為「提升消費者信賴程度」(0.0630)、以及「使用者身份加密機制」(0.0575)為前二重要的影響因子。專家以及學生群組皆認為「提升消費者信賴程度」為金融科技發展中相對重要的影響因子。 / Financial technology is the current trend of the advanced countries such as Europe and the United States. Due to the progress of information technology, the current financial industry that faces the external competitors are no longer confined to the traditional financial industry, the new technology industry also joined the financial services. Disruptive Innovation is accelerating fermentation. The rise of the emerging business model of financial technology involves various different aspects and key success factors. The relative weight between these and the key factors is the subject of the relevant industries and government departments that are worthy of further study. The purpose of this study is to explore the weight analysis of the key factors of Taiwan's financial science and technology, and to establish a hierarchical structure through the collection and compilation of related literature. The main level structure includes four aspects: government-oriented indicators, industry-oriented indicators, customer orientation, and technical safety Index. Through the four indicators of the integration of the sub-level of the influencing factors, and also through the hierarchical analysis of research and analysis, it is sorted out the impact of the weight of the factors. Through the market survey, the questionnaire will be divided into two categories, including experts and student groups. It is found that regardless of the expert or student groups, both of them think that "technical safety indicators" is the most important financial technology development Key indicators. In the whole questionnaire, the key factors are ranked as follows: "Enhancing the degree of consumer trust" (0.0864), "Relaxation and adjustment of regulations" (0.0563), "User identity encryption mechanism" (0.0523)," the threat of the software " (0.0488), and "the zombie virus threat " (0.0475). The results of the questionnaires of the different groups show that the group of experts considered " Enhancing the degree of consumer trust" (0.1112) and the "Expanded Consumer Experience" (0.0586) as the first two influencing factors; the student groups consider " Consumer trust" (0.0630), and the" user identity encryption mechanism" (0.0575) for the first two important factors. Experts and students consider that "Enhancing the degree of consumer trust" for the development of financial technology is a relatively important factor.

Waste resulting from healthcare activities is hazardous due to its potential risk of infection to healthcare workers, waste workers and the public. Many tools and approaches have been applied in waste management in developed countries, but are not suitable for application in developing countries due to their complexity and extensive data and resource requirements. WasteOpt was therefore developed and applied as an appropriate decision-making tool in the developing country context. WasteOpt comprises of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), costing and Life cycle management (LCM). The purpose of this study was to identify environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) that minimise the risk of infection by healthcare waste (HCW) in rural clinics. Rural clinics were selected because apart from financial constraints, they are challenged by the lack of procedure, infrastructure and technologies to develop reasonable waste management plans that can be implemented within a practicable time frame. WasteOpt was applied to aid in identifying ESTs in relation to the infection risks and costs of the technologies. Experts in waste management in Lesotho were involved in a workshop for the ranking of technologies. The overall weighting values of the rankings were converted to risk factors for individual options and for alternatives (combination of options). Risk factors were classified as low, medium and high risk. The technologies within a single class were differentiated by analysing the cost of acquiring and running the technology to qualify as ESTs. The ESTs identified for Lesotho are Engineered containers, Refrigerated engineered facility, engineered wheeled transport, detailed procedures, multi chamber incinerator, engineered pit and landfill. Ten (10) clinics in Lesotho were also assessed as case studies using the WHO RAT. The RAT was first modified to include questions on financial management at the clinics. The calculated risk factors were applied to the case studies to assess the risk under which healthcare workers operate in those clinics. The additive minimum risk for the overall life cycle of waste was 4.0 (excluding central treatment and disposal). The clinic workers were found to be at a risk of between 1.1 x 10-4 and 7.8 x 10-5, which proves that rural clinics in Lesotho are still using inappropriate technologies. In terms of financing for waste management, public clinics were found to have little decision-making powers over funds and had less accountability measures. CHAL clinics which are managed by churches in Lesotho had more control of funds and exhibit more accountability. All clinics had no targets for saving funds from waste management activities. WasteOpt can be applied as a decision-making tool for HCW in Lesotho since it overcomes the barriers that inhibit environmentally sound management of HCW in developing countries. In conclusion: WasteOpt can be applied as a decision-making tool for different types of waste by replacing HCW options with respective ones and designing a relevant questionnaire for qualitative data capture. WasteOpt can then be applied in a developing country to aid sustainable waste management decision-making. Informed decision-making helps resource poor managers to select cost-effective but low-risk options, which will be sustainable in the future. / Dissertation (MSc (Environmental Technology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted