modo especial úlceras por pressão (UP), é um achado recente na literatura e observado na prática clínica dos serviços de atenção domiciliar (SADs) brasileiros. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a cicatrização das mesmas durante o acompanhamento domiciliar. Objetivo: Avaliar a cicatrização de UPs em pacientes na AD. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal observacional com amostra intencional de 38 adultos com UP acompanhados pelo Programa de Atenção Domiciliar do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (PAD/GHC). Os pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão foram inseridos sequencialmente no estudo após sua admissão no PAD/GHC. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e características do acompanhamento em AD. A cicatrização foi avaliada pelo instrumento Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) e pela mensuração da área das UPs (planimetria e profundidade). A coleta de dados ocorreu através do prontuário dos pacientes e por meio de visitas domiciliares na admissão no PAD/GHC e após quatro e seis semanas. As análises descritivas e inferenciais foram realizadas pelo programa estatístico SPSS 18.0. O estudo foi aprovado Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (965.082). Resultados: Cinquenta por cento dos 38 pacientes que compuseram a amostra eram do sexo feminino, houve maior prevalência de idosos (60,5%) e a média de idade foi de 61,58 anos (± 21,34). A hipertensão arterial foi a comorbidade mais prevalente. Quanto ao diagnóstico médico que justificou o acompanhamento no PAD/GHC, o acidente vascular encefálico foi o mais comum (28,9%). A mediana de UPs por paciente foi 2 (Percentis 25-75: 1-3), perfazendo um total de 87 feridas. As categorias de UP predominantes foram a categoria II (48,3%) e a III (35,6%). Aproximadamente 50% das feridas cicatrizaram completamente num período de três semanas. O escore do PUSH e a mensuração das UPs variaram significativamente em quatro e seis semanas (p<0,05). A probabilidade de cicatrização aumentou com o passar do tempo, tendo uma mediana de cicatrização estimada em 44 dias. Conclusões: Houve evolução favorável na cicatrização das UPs de acordo com os três métodos de mensuração utilizados, o que sugere as potencialidades da AD como serviço de atenção aos pacientes com feridas. / pressure ulcers (PUs), is a recent finding in the literature and observed in the clinical practice of Brazilian HC. However, little is known about the healing of these ulcers during home care follow-up. Objective: To assess PU healing in patients followed by a HC. Methods: Followup and observational study with anintentional sample of 38 adult patients with PU followed by the HC of Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (HC/GHC). The patients who met inclusion criteria were sequentially inserted into the study after being admitted in the HC/CHG. Sociodemographic, clinical, and HC follow-up data were collected. Healing was assessed based on the instrument Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) and on the measurement of PUs (planimetry and depth). Data were obtained from patients’records and during home visits on admission to the HCP/CHG and after four and six weeks. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS 18.0. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (no. 965.082). Results: Fifty percent of the 38 patients included in the sample were female, there was a higher prevalence of elderly (60.5%), and mean age was 61.58 years (± 21.34). Systemic arterial hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity. Stroke was the most common medical diagnosis to justify follow-up in the HC/CHG (28.9%). The median number of PUs per patient was 2 (25- 75 percentiles: 1-3), totaling 87 wounds. The predominant categories of PU were II (48.3%) and III (35.6%). Nearly 50% of wounds healed completely within three weeks. PUSH scores and measurements of PUs varied significantly within four and six weeks (p<0.05). The likelihood of healing increased with time, having an estimated average healing in 44 days. Conclusions: There was an improvement in PU healing according to the three measures used in the study, suggesting the AD potentialities of HC as a health care service to patients with wounds. / Introducción: La alta prevalencia de heridas en pacientes con atención domiciliaria (AD), de modo especial úlceras por presión (UPs) es un hallazgo reciente en la literatura y observado en la práctica clínica de los servicios de atención domiciliaria (SAD) brasileños. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre la cicatrización de estas úlceras durante el acompañamiento domiciliario. Objetivo: Evaluar la cicatrización de UPs en pacientes acompañados en la AD Métodos: Estudio de longitudinal observacional con muestra intencional de 38 adultos con UP acompañados por el Programa de Atención Domiciliaria del Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (PAD/GHC). Los pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión fueron insertados secuencialmente en el estudio tras su admisión en el PAD/GHC. Se colectaron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y características del acompañamiento en AD. Se evaluó la cicatrización por el instrumento Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) y por la mensuración de las UPs (planimetría y profundidad). La recolección de datos ocurrió a través del registro médico de los pacientes y por medio de visitas domiciliarias en la admisión en el PAD/GHC y después de cuatro y seis semanas. Los análisis descriptivos e inferenciales fueron realizados con SPSS 18.0. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (no. 965.082). Resultados: El 50% de los 38 pacientes que compusieron la muestra eran del sexo masculino, hubo mayor prevalencia de ancianos (60,5%), e el promedio de edad fue de 61,58 (± 21,34) años. La hipertensión arterial sistémica fue la comorbilidad más prevalente. En cuanto al diagnóstico médico que justificó el acompañamiento en el PAD/GHC, el accidente cerebrovascular encefálico fue el más común (28,9%). La mediana de UPs por paciente fue 2 (percentiles 25- 75: 1-3), sumando un total de 87 heridas. Las categorías de UP predominantes fueron las categorías II (48,3%) y III (35,6%). Aproximadamente el 50% de las heridas cicatrizaron completamente en un período de tres semanas. El puntaje de la PUSH y las mensuraciones de las UPs variaron significativamente en cuatro y seis semanas (p<0,05). La probabilidad de cicatrización aumentó con el tiempo, con una cicatrización mediana estimada en 44 días Conclusiones: Hubo mejora en la cicatrización de las UPs de acuerdo con las tres medidas utilizadas, permitiendo observar las potencialidades de la AD como servicio de atención a los pacientes con heridas.

Este estudo teve como objetivo interpretar os significados do trabalho em equipe de cuidados paliativos oncológicos domiciliar atribuídos pelos profissionais, por meio do estudo de caso e da análise etnográfica. O referencial teórico que embasou tal interpretação foi a antropologia interpretativa. Participaram da pesquisa oito informantes, profissionais de uma Equipe de Cuidados Paliativos Oncológicos Domiciliar, lotados em um serviço de Internação Domiciliar, em uma cidade do sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de junho a dezembro de 2008 nos espaços de atuação do serviço de Internação Domiciliar. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação participante, diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise dos dados baseou-se nos pressupostos analíticos da análise hermenêutica dialética e temática. Foram identificados os códigos que mostraram o sentido do trabalho em cuidados paliativos para os participantes e que depois serviram de guia para as unidades de sentidos e a construção dos significados. Da análise emergiram três núcleos de significados: \"Desafios iniciais do trabalho em cuidados paliativos oncológico\"; \"O maior dos desafios: lidar com a morte\" e; \"O trabalho em equipe de cuidados paliativos oncológicos domiciliar: uma trajetória em construção\". O primeiro núcleo aborda os cuidados paliativos oncológicos domiciliar como uma nova prática em saúde, tendo como desafio sua criação no serviço de Internação Domiciliar, os profissionais \"despreparados para atuar na \"nova\" prática, e as emoções permeando a prática dos cuidados paliativos oncológicos. O segundo núcleo trata das concepções e reflexões dos profissionais da equipe sobre a morte; como elaboram as abordagens desse processo com o paciente e família, e a morte como situação de aprendizado para a vida pessoal e profissional. O terceiro núcleo versa sobre o processo de trabalho da Equipe de Cuidados Paliativos Oncológicos Domiciliar; suas relações interpessoais com o paciente, o familiar; e entre si e o contínuo enfrentamento dessa equipe diante do sofrimento e morte do outro. Finalizando, o estudo possibilitou apreender que o trabalho em equipe de cuidados paliativos oncológicos singulariza a atenção domiciliar no sistema público, revelando uma nova modalidade de cuidado, que abrange a multidimensionalidade do ser doente e sua família, por meio de profissionais de diferentes categorias e que em equipe interdisciplinar incorporam uma identidade, a de paliativista. / The objective of this study was to interpret the meanings of the team approach to oncological palliative home care as reported by professionals through a case study and ethnographic analysis. The referential theory in which the interpretation was rooted was that of the interpretive anthropologist. Eight professionals from an Oncological Palliative Home Care Team in southern Brazil participated in the research. The data collection occurred between June and December 2008 in the caregiver workplace by means of participant observation, annotated in a field diary, and semi-structured interviews. Codes that demonstrated the significance of the work of palliative care to the participants were identified, which later served as guides for the significance units and the meaning constructs. Three nuclei of significance emerged from the analysis: \"Initial challenges to the work of oncological palliative care\"; \"The greatest of challenge - dealing with death\"; and \"the work of the team in oncological palliative home care - a trajectory in construction\". The first nucleus deals with oncological palliative home care as a new health practice and the challenge of its development within the larger sphere of Home Care, as well as professionals \"unprepared\" to act in the \"new\" practice and the emotions permeating oncological palliative home care. The second nucleus deals with the conceptions and reflections of the team members about death; how they developed strategies for addressing this process with the patient and family, and death as a vehicle for learning in their personal and professional lives. The third nucleus delineates the work process of the oncological palliative home care team; its interpersonal relations with the patient and family, and the internal effects on the team of continuously confronting the suffering and death of others. In conclusion, this study allowed insight into how the oncological palliative home care team characterizes home care in the public health system, revealing a new modality of care that includes the multidimensionality of the sick being and its family, attended by professionals of different categories who, in an interdisciplinary team, incorporate an identity, that of palliative caregivers.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-21T12:40:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Vanessa Vieira França - Dissertação.pdf: 1905878 bytes, checksum: cb054fd34f33546e8d861d9789c0b2d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T12:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Vanessa Vieira França - Dissertação.pdf: 1905878 bytes, checksum: cb054fd34f33546e8d861d9789c0b2d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CAPES / Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos (SRT) são casas inseridas na comunidade e que recebem portadores de transtornos mentais, egressos de internações psiquiátricas de longa permanência, sem suporte social e com laços familiares ausentes ou fragilizados. Hoje os SRT vivenciam diversos desafios como: a rede de saúde deficitária e pouco articulada, o envelhecimento da população, dificuldade da equipe de cuidadores com a convivência e manejo mínimo das comorbidades crônicas e psiquiátricas. O objetivo geral dessa dissertação foi analisar as demandas de cuidado dos moradores dos SRT. Para alcançar este objetivo, foram elaborados um artigo de Revisão Integrativa (RI) e três artigos originais: O artigo de RI teve o objetivo de identificar as estratégias utilizadas no processo de desinstitucionalização de pessoas com transtornos mentais em diversos países do mundo. A busca foi realizada nas bases Scopus, Cinahl e Lilacs. Foram incluídos artigos originais publicados entre 2009 e 2014, em inglês, português ou espanhol. Os artigos originais emergiram de um estudo transversal de amostra censitária realizado com 190 moradores de ambos os sexos de 31 SRT de Recife-PE. Foram excluídos moradores em internamento hospitalar ou fora da cidade; impossibilitados de participar do estudo por questões de saúde física ou mental; e que não possuíam curador legal disponível. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre janeiro e julho/2015 no próprio SRT ou nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de referência. Foram analisadas as variáveis de perfil socioeconômico, familiar e psiquiátrico, aplicado o Índice de Katz e a escala de Lawton. Para análise foram utilizados o teste de qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Os resultados da revisão integrativa emergiram da análise de 14 experiências de desinstitucionalização no mundo e evidenciaram as particularidades vivenciadas por diferentes países para realizar a reforma psiquiátrica. Os artigos originais evidenciaram que essa população em sua maioria é composta por homens, solteiros, não escolarizados, com renda entre 1 e 2 salários mínimos e idosos. Para as Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária (ABVD) a maioria dos moradores é independente.A análise multivariada identificou associações entre o estado geral comprometido, mobilidade reduzida e acuidade visual preservada com estados de dependência para as ABVD. Para as Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária a maioria foi classificada como dependente este estado esteve mais associada à ausência de renda, tempo do último internamento psiquiátrico superior a 10 anos, estado geral comprometido, acuidade visual preservada e não possuir esquizofrenia 10 paranóide. As demandas de cuidado prioritárias são: inatividade física, edentulismo sem uso de prótese, sobrepeso e obesidade, esquizofrenia residual e o tabagismo. Conclui-se, que o perfil desse morador ainda assemelha-se com o que é encontrado nos hospitais psiquiátricos brasileiros e que suas demandas de cuidado envolvem questões associadas aos longos períodos de internamento psiquiátrico pregresso, afetando negativamente na capacidade funcional deste grupo. É necessária a integração do morador, comunidade, rede de assistência, e em especial da Estratégia Saúde da Família, com o intuito de prevenir agravos e intervir nestas demandas identificadas a fim de prevenir a evolução dos quadros de dependência com o envelhecimento da população. / Residential Therapeutic Services (RTS) are community “assisted living facilities” to assist people with mental disorders or long-term psychiatric hospitalization, and without family or social support. Several challenges face the RTS today including an unorganized and impoverished health network, an aging population, and the coexistence and minimal management of chronic and psychiatric comorbidities. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the care demands of the residents of the RTS. To accomplish this, one Integrative Review article (RI) and three original articles were developed. The RI article aimed to identify selected strategies to deinstitutionalize people with mental disorders in many countries around the world. The search was conducted in Scopus, CINAHL, and Lilacs databases. Original articles that were published between 2009 and 2014 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, were included. The original articles emerged from a cross-sectional study of the census sample conducted with 190 residents of both sexes of 31 RTS Recife-PE. Residents who were in hospital, out of town, and did not have a legal curator available were excluded. Data was collected between January and July, 2015 in the RTS or reference Psychosocial Care Centers. The Katz Index and the Lawton scale were applied with the variables of socioeconomic, family, and psychiatric profile. For analysis, were used the chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance. The results of the integrative review emerged from 14 deinstitutionalization experiences, and they showed characteristics experienced in different countries in performing the psychiatric reform. The original articles showed that this population is mostly made up of men, singles, unschooled individuals, families with 1 or 2 minimum wage incomes, and the elderly. For Daily Living Basic Activities (DLBA) most residents are independent. A Multivariate analysis identified associations between impaired general health status, the reduced mobility, and the visual preserved acuity with dependency for DLBA. For the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, most were classified as dependents. This health condition was more associated with lack of income, being a psychiatric inpatient for more than 10 years on the last hospitalization,having an impaired general condition, visual acuity preserved, and not having paranoid schizophrenia. Priority care demands are: physical inactivity, edentulism without use of prosthesis, overweight and obesity, residual schizophrenia, and smoking. It follows that the profile of this resident still resembles what is found in the Brazilian psychiatric hospitals and their care demands involve issues associated with long periods of progress of the last hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital. which adversely affects the functional ability of this group. It requires the integration of the resident, community, health care system, and especially the Primary Health Care in order to prevent injuries and intervene in the claims identified in order to prevent the development of dependence on frames with the aging population.

Introdução: A terapia de nutrição enteral é imprescindível na manutenção e na reabilitação da pessoa acometida por condições crônicas assistida no contexto domiciliar. Para o êxito desta terapêutica, é imperativo assegurar a articulação entre os profissionais e os serviços de saúde e promover a autonomia dos usuários/cuidadores, reconhecendo-os como parceiros. Objetivo geral: Avaliar a prática da terapia de nutrição enteral (TNE) no Programa de Assistência Domiciliária, em um hospital universitário do Município de São Paulo. Método: Pesquisa desenvolvida nas abordagens quantitativa (fase1) e qualitativa (fase 2), exploratório-descritiva, na modalidade de estudo de caso. O cenário foi o Programa de Assistência Domiciliária do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre outubro de 2015 e maio de 2016. Na fase 1, quantitativa, os sujeitos corresponderam a 36 usuários, e os dados foram coletados por meio de dois formulários. Para a análise, empregou-se a estatística descritiva e inferencial. Na fase 2, qualitativa, os participantes foram sete profissionais de saúde e 10 cuidadores/familiares. Para a coleta de dados, adotou-se a entrevista semiestruturada que foi transformada em narrativas, submetidas à análise de conteúdo de Bardin, categorizadas e analisadas à luz do referencial teórico proposto por Wagner. Resultados: Na fase 1, constatou-se que 66,7% eram do sexo feminino, 77,8% com idade a 60 anos e 88,9% estavam acamados. Em relação aos cuidadores/familiares, 88,9% pertenciam ao sexo feminino, possuíam vínculo familiar e média de idade de 51,2 anos (dp13). Quanto à via de acesso, predominaram a nasoenteral (52,8%) e a dieta industrializada (47,3%). A incidência de extubação gástrica foi 1,15/100 pacientes-dia; sendo 0,67/100 pacientes-dia para a não planejada, tendo como principal motivo, o rompimento do balão da sonda de gastrostomia. Nos achados da fase 2, as cinco categorias corresponderam: A nutrição enteral em domicílio: o desvelar do cuidado; Os componentes da tríade avaliativa donabediana no contexto institucional; A expressão de sentimentos: passado, presente e futuro; A tessitura do cuidar: o olhar da equipe interprofissional e dos cuidadores/familiares e A articulação dos serviços de saúde na atenção ao usuário em TNED: do ideal ao real. Dessa maneira, a experiência dos participantes foi marcada pela transição e estabelecimento do cuidado no domicílio, pelo compromisso com o aprendizado e pela superação de obstáculos, frente às extubações não planejadas e o processo de aquisição de dieta industrializada. Considerações Finais: Esta pesquisa propiciou descrever a realidade dos usuários em terapia de nutrição enteral domiciliar (TNED) e conhecer a percepção dos profissionais de saúde e cuidadores/familiares acerca da assistência, permeada por questões envolvendo as atividades do cotidiano dos usuários, o trabalho interprofissional e os desafios oriundos da nutrição enteral no contexto domiciliar. Outrossim, permitiu revisitar o processo de educação em saúde para usuários/cuidadores em TNED, oportunizando a reconstrução de material educativo, com vistas a aprimorar a aquisição do conhecimento e o desenvolvimento de habilidades, que fomentem escolhas e decisões assertivas para melhores desfechos em saúde. / Introduction: Enteral nutrition is essential for maintaining and rehabilitating a person affected by chronic conditions assisted in the home context. For the success of this therapy, it is imperative to ensure the articulation between professionals and health care services promoting the autonomy of patient and caregivers, recognizing them as partners. Objective: To evaluate the practice of Enteral Nutrition (EN) therapy in a Home Care Program, in a university hospital in the city of São Paulo. Method: This research was developed in two phases: quantitative (phase 1) and qualitative (phase 2), both in exploratory-descriptive approaches as a case study. The scenario was the Home Care Program of the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo. Data collection was made between October 2015 and May 2016. In the quantitative phase, the subjects corresponded to 36 patients and the data was collected through two forms while descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the analysis. In the qualitative phase, the participants were seven health professionals and 10 caregivers/family members. For the data collection, a semi-structured interview was adopted, which was then converted into narratives and submitted to the Bardin content analysis, categorized and analysis in light of the theoretical framework proposed by Wagner. Results: In stage 1, was found that 66.7% were female, 77.8%, 60 years and 88.9% were bedridden. Regarding the caregivers/family members, 88.9% were female, with a family tie and the mean age was 51.2 years (sd13). Concerning the access routes, the nasoenteral (52.8%) and the industrialized diet (47.3%) were predominant. The incidence of gastric extubation was 1.15/100 patient-days; and 0.67/100 patient-days represented unplanned ones, due mostly to ruptures of the gastrostomy tube. In the findings of phase 2, five categories corresponded to: Home Enteral Nutrition (HEN): the unveiling of care; The components of the Donabedian triad evaluation in the institutional context; The expression of feelings: past, present and future; The structure of care: the look of the interprofessional team and caregivers/family; and The articulation of health services in the care of users in home enteral nutrition therapy: from ideal to reality. This way, the participants\' experience was marked by the transition to and establishment of home care, the commitment to learning and overcoming obstacles due to unplanned extubations, and the process of acquiring an industrialized diet. Conclusion: This research aimed to describe the reality of patients in HEN and to comprehend the perception of health professionals and caregivers/family concerning the care, permeated by issues involving patient\' daily activities, interprofessional work and the challenges of enteral nutrition in the home context. In addition, it allowed revisiting the process of health education for patients, caregivers and family members in HEN, offering a reconstruction of the educational material, with a view to improving the knowledge acquisition and abilities development, which foment choices and assertive decisions for better outcomes in health.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-10-31T11:53:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 jessicadecastrosantos.pdf: 3277357 bytes, checksum: 8eae545231d51036daec573a9e18524b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T13:56:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jessicadecastrosantos.pdf: 3277357 bytes, checksum: 8eae545231d51036daec573a9e18524b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T14:04:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jessicadecastrosantos.pdf: 3277357 bytes, checksum: 8eae545231d51036daec573a9e18524b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T14:04:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jessicadecastrosantos.pdf: 3277357 bytes, checksum: 8eae545231d51036daec573a9e18524b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / Pesquisa de método misto realizada nos domicílios de pessoas com idade ≥65 anos. Objetivou-se analisar as situações e/ou circunstâncias individuais, grupais e ambientais de vulnerabilidade/risco que predispõe as pessoas com idade ≥65 anos à queda no (peri)domicílio; compreender suas representações sociais sobre quedas e gerar tecnologia leve-dura para subsidiar a avaliação do ambiente (peri)domiciliar na modalidade de consulta de enfermagem. Amostra de seleção completa. Foram critérios de inclusão: pessoas com idade ≥65 anos, lúcida, com fala coerente e ser moradora de uma área adstrita a uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS). Dados coletados por entrevistas individuais com apoio de Open Data Kit e analisados com apoio dos Programas SPSS® (estatística descritiva e correlacional), EVOC 2000® (para subsidiar a elaboração de análise prototípica) e NVIVO pro11® (Correlação de Pearson ≥0,70 segundo análise de conteúdos de Bardin). Atendidos todos os requisitos éticos e legais de pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Participaram 220 idosos assim caracterizados: 78,5% mulheres; 29,6% com idade ≥80 anos (65-96 anos) e 68,6% com companheiros. Escala de Snellen aferiu dificuldade visual em 54,1% (olho esquerdo: OE) e 50,6% (olho direito: OD) com capacidade de leitura ≤5 ou diopitria 20/40; Escala de Jaeger mensurou que 55,2% e 53,2% participantes não enxergavam nada ou enxergavam mal OD e OE, respectivamente; 41,6% enxergavam mal com OD e OE. Escala de Eficácia de Quedas 53,5% evidenciou medo para atividades de vida diária, sendo preditor de quedas. Foram componentes simbólicos emergentes na abordagem estrutural e corroborados por trechos de discurso na abordagem processual: poder cair (comportamentais: “tonteira-vertigem-labirintite” e objetivais: “chinelo-calçado”), cair dentro de casa (comportamentais: “cair”, “cuidado-atenção” e “medo”) e cair fora de casa (objetival: “buraco” e comportamentais: “cair” e “tropeçar”). Emergiram três categorias: origem dos conteúdos simbólicos individuais, grupais e ambientais. Foram fatores ambientais intervenientes para queda: no domicílio (piso escorregadio, escada e corrimão com p-valor ≤ 0,04) e no peridomicílio (muitos objetos no ambiente e degraus com p-valor≤ 0,04). A presente investigação traçou um diagnóstico de uma região coberta pela Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre as vulnerabilidades para quedas em pessoas com idade ≥65 anos, apresentou um protocolo (tecnologia leve-dura) para subsidiar consulta de enfermagem domiciliar e decisões gerenciais de cuidados para o (peri)domicílio com uma abordagem de prevenção para a ocorrência de quedas. / Mixed method search performed in the households of people aged ≥65 years. The objective was to analyze the individual and group situations and/or circumstances of vulnerability/risk that predisposes people aged ≥65 years to the (peri) domicile. Understand their social representations about falls and generate light-hard technology to subsidize the evaluation of the environment (peri) domicile in the modality of nursing consultation. Sample full selection. Inclusion criteria were: people aged ≥65 years, lucid, with coherent speech and being residents of an area attached to a Primary Health Care Unit (UAPS). Data collected by individual interviews with support from the Open Data Kit and analyzed with the support of the SPSS® programs (descriptive and correlational statistics), EVOC 2000® (to support the elaboration of prototypical analysis) and NVIVO pro11® (Pearson Correlation ≥0.70 According to Bardin's content analysis). Meeting all ethical and legal research requirements involving human beings. 220 elderly people participated in this study: 78.5% were women; 29.6% aged ≥80 years (65-96 years) and 68.6% with partners. Snellen's scale showed visual impairment in 54.1% (left eye: OE) and 50.6% (right eye: OD) with reading ability ≤5 or 20/40 diopter; Jaeger's scale measured that 55.2% and 53.2% participants did not see anything or perceived poorly OD and OE; 41.6% perceived poorly with OD and OE. Falls Efficacy Scale 53.5% evidenced fear for activities of daily living, being a predictor of falls. They were symbolic components emerging in the structural approach and corroborated by passages in the procedural approach: falling (behavioral: "dizziness-vertigo-labyrinthitis" and objective: "slippery footwear"), falling into the house (behavioral: "Care-attention" and "fear") and falling out of the house (objective: "hole" and behavioral: "falling" and "stumbling"). Three categories emerged: origin of individual, group and environmental symbolic contents. The following factors were involved in the fall: at home (slippery floor, ladder and handrail with p-value ≤ 0.04) and in the peridomicile (many objects in the environment and steps with p-value ≤ 0.04). The present investigation outlined a region covered by Primary Health Care on vulnerabilities for falls in people aged ≥65 years, presented a protocol (light-hard technology) to subsidize home nursing consultation and management decisions for nursing care. (Peri) domicile with a prevention approach to the occurrence of falls.

Volunteer home-based caregivers are critical role players in South Africa‘s health care system and in the South African government‘s strategy to fight HIV and AIDS. In order to achieve the aims that the government seeks to attain, it is important that the care and treatment provided to patients receiving community home-based care (CHBC) be of a high quality. While the need for quality care is supported by government and civil society, research indicates that it is not clear whether quality care is indeed being provided and therefore there is a need for research into the quality of CHBC. The research aimed to undertake a critical assessment of CHBC programmes to determine the quality of care provided by volunteer caregivers using social capital theory as a theoretical framework. The study examined the quality of CHBC by analysing the context of CHBC, by investigating the support that volunteer caregivers and their clients receive and by discussing the support that volunteer caregivers and their clients still need. The study used one-on-one in-depth interviews and focus groups to obtain relevant data. The participants included volunteer caregivers, clients and supervisors who took part in the one-on-one interviews. The focus groups consisted of key informants and supervisors respectively. The quantitative data consisted of descriptive statistics which helped describe the participants. The qualitative data was coded and themes and sub-themes were developed. The data was also analysed by an independent coder. The results showed that poverty, and the related problems of poor living conditions and a lack of food security affects the quality CHBC. In addition, unemployment and the problem of stipends also affect quality CHBC. Certain socio-economic factors were also found to lead people to choose to become volunteer caregivers and unemployment was found to be an important driving force behind the choice to undertake volunteer caregiving. Furthermore, the volunteer caregivers in the sample received organisational support from their supervisors and their fellow caregivers or peers. They also received social support from their families and their communities. Regarding the clients of the volunteer caregivers, it was found that they received a number of types of support including psycho- iv social counselling, spiritual counselling and care of a holistic nature. In addition, the study found that there is a need for standardised quality training of volunteer caregivers, which will equip them with multiple skills. It was also found that volunteer caregivers require mentoring and quality supervision in order to be able to provide quality CHBC to their clients. Government has the ability to put the necessary systems and structures in place, such as a scope of practice for volunteers, standardised training and monitoring and evaluation, to enable CHBC and its relevant role players to operate at optimum levels. It also has the authority to make the changes and to enforce rules. Furthermore, it has the ability to unite CHBC organisations and can create the necessary conditions that can lead to increased social capital. Furthermore, the study recommends that two additional dimensions of quality care be added to existing dimensions of quality in health care. The first is the holistic approach to caregiving and the second is social support systems, namely supervisor/mentor and peer support and family and community support. This second dimension is also closely linked to social capital and the networks that make up CHBC.

L’hospitalisation hors les murs est une expression générique qui désigne toutes les formes de structures accueillant des patients pour une prise en charge longue et régulière nécessitant des soins complexes. Les structures hors les murs doivent assurer une prise en charge sure et d’une qualité au moins identique à celle fourni par l’hôpital, tout en contribuant à la diminution des coûts de la prise en charge. D’où la nécessité d’une gestion efficiente des activités des soignants et des ressources humaines. Dans ce travail de recherche, l’intérêt est porté à la problématique générale de gestion des activités de soins en Hospitalisation À Domicile (HAD). Il s’agit d’une problématique très complexe, car elle vise à résoudre simultanément des sous-problèmes réputés NP – difficiles. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions cette problématique au niveau opérationnel de la conception des tournées des soignants. La démarche adoptée pour ce travail de recherche se base sur trois étapes essentielles. Nous commençons par une étude sur le système de santé et les structures d’HAD en France, tout en mettant en claire les facteurs essentiels de leur fonctionnement. Cette étape sera clôturée par une étude du fonctionnement des systèmes d’HAD dans la région Rhône-Alpes, en se basant sur les retours du projet régional Organisation des Soins A Domicile (OSAD). La deuxième étape concerne les problématiques de gestion et la planification des activités de soins et des ressources humaines en HAD. Ce travail conduira à l’élaboration d’une classification des problématiques de la gestion des activités en HAD. En se basant sur la classification identifiée précédemment, nous définissons, les axes de complexité de ce problème : (i) le nombre d’activités de soins par soignant, (ii) la dépendance temporelle entre les activités des patients et (iii) la dimension environnementale. Ensuite, nous proposons un ensemble d’approches et d’outils pour la résolution de la problématique des tournées d’infirmiers en HAD, sous différentes contraintes liées à la réalisation des soins et en particulier aux contraintes de dépendances temporelles. Pour répondre à l’ensemble des contraintes et exigences de performance, nous développons une heuristique originale permettant une résolution en un temps compatible avec les contraintes de mise en oeuvre, pour des instances de grande taille / Home care services, is a generic term that gathers different kind of care: provider, agency, and organization. In France, the most important part of the in-home care is performed by HAD (Hospitalization At Home). The HAD concept is defined by decree. The HAD has to provide only complex care in the patient’s home for 24 motives. HAD are hospitals and have to ensure continuity of care for their patients. Our researches focus on the operation management for home care services. This problem is complex; it needs to solve sub-problems known to be NP - hard. In this work, this problem is studied at the operational level in design of tours of caregivers. The approach followed is based on three essential stages. Firstly, we study the health system and the home care structures in France. At the end of this step, we summarize the outcome obtained of the regional project Organization of Home Care Service (Organisation des Soins A Domicile : OSAD) on the home care structures in the Rhône-Alpes region (France). The second step gathers scientific literature about home care management, particularly about problems of management and planning of activities and human resources in the home care structures. This work leads to design a classification in order to management activities issues in home care structures. Based on this classification, we define three complexity axes of the operation management in home care problem, i.e. (i) the rate of the number of care activities per caregiver, (ii) dependency level between the patients’ activities and (iii) the environmental level. In the third stage, we suggest a set of mathematical approaches and tools for solving the problem of caregivers’ tours. Two MIPL model are developed, the first is based on a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) with coordination between the caregivers and the second on RCPSP (Ressources Constrained Project Scheduling Problem). Because the both previous models are time consuming, we suggest an original heuristic to solve the TSP coordinated problem, to resolve the care management activities in home care services

No description available.

Bakgrund. I omvårdnaden ska distriktssköterskan se till människans hela situation och omvårdnaden ska utföras på ett personcentrerat och säkert sätt. I hemsjukvården utförs vården i patientens hem, antingen i ordinärt eller särskilt boende. Trycksår är en vanlig vårdskada och nutritionen är viktig för att förebygga och behandla trycksår. Syftet var att beskriva i vilken utsträckning som distriktssköterskor i hemsjukvården använder nutritionsåtgärder som trycksårsbehandling. Metod. För att besvara syftet användes en kvantitativ design där redan insamlad data från en trycksårsmätning togs del av. Resultatet visade att nutritionsåtgärder användes som trycksårsbehandling till 65% av patienterna. Bland varannan distriktssköterska som inte använde nutritionsåtgärder framkom olika orsaker. Det var vanligare att nutritionsåtgärder användes vid risk enligt riskbedömningarna MNS och SF-MNA. De vanligast använda nutritionsåtgärderna var näringsdryck och extra mellanmål. Resultatet visade att det fanns skillnader i trycksårens svårighetsgrad i förhållande till boendeform. Slutsats. Det fanns utrymme för förbättringar i att använda nutritionsåtgärder vid trycksår. Nutritionen spelar en betydelsefull roll i behandlingen av trycksår och det är viktigt att riskbedömningar utförs. Genom att tidigt använda nutritionsåtgärder som trycksårsbehandling kan distriktssköterskan främja hälsa, förebygga sjukdom och skada samt minska patientens lidande. / Background. In Nursing Care, it's important to see to the whole perspective of the patient, and the care should be performed in a person-centred and safe way. The purpose was to describe district nurses [DN] using of nutrition therapy as treatment for patients with pressure ulcers in home healthcare. Method. A quantitative design, where material from an already collected pressure ulcer study, was used. The result showed that nutritional therapy was used as pressure ulcer treatment in 65% of the patients. Among every other DN who did not use nutritional therapy as treatment of pressure ulcer, various causes were identified. It was more common to use nutritional therapy when risks according to MNS and SF-MNA assessments were found. The most common nutrition therapies were nutritional drinks and extra snacks. The result showed that there were differences in the severity of pressure ulcers in relation to patients' housing type. Conclusion. There was room for improvements in using nutrition therapy as pressure ulcer treatment. Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcer, and it's important that risk assessments are performed. By initiating nutritional treatment early, the DN can promote health, prevent disease and injury, and reduce the patient's suffering.

Institute for Rural Development / PhDRDV