Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Jesuina Bento de Paiva.pdf: 660665 bytes, checksum: 51848d05c590f84900afa3d1d90c005e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-28 / The present research has as objective to raise questions concerning the violence concept. The concept it is worked in the intersection of sociology, the psychoanalysis and literature. It is not any kind of violence, but that we call virtuous violence , that in the name of a greater good happens and is justified when violence is disguised as a virtue. For this, the conducting line of the research will be the psychic and social representations of the violence, supported in one of the basic concepts of the psychoanalysis, the impulse and the social justification that each season builds to justify their violence. For and, the violence virtue concept will find a frame, the book of Dostoiévski, Crime and Punishment, with the conflict of the main character Raskólnikov and his theory about the crime allowed / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo levantar questões acerca do conceito de violência, esse trabalhado na intersecção da sociologia, da psicanálise e da literatura. Não se trata de qualquer espécie de violência, mas aquela que chamamos de violência virtuosa‟, aquela que em nome de um bem maior acontece e é justificada quando a violência se disfarça de virtude. Para tanto, como fio condutor da pesquisa procuraremos trabalhar as representações psíquicas e sociais da violência, apoiados em um dos conceitos fundamentais da psicanálise, a pulsão e as justificativas sociais que cada época constrói para a sua violência. Por fim, tal conceito de violência virtuosa‟ encontrará uma moldura, a obra de Dostoiévski, Crime e castigo, com o conflito do personagem central Raskólnikov e a sua teoria quanto ao crime permitido‟. Possibilita assim, levantar questões a respeito de como essa violência virtuosa aparece nos dias atuais

O problema da dependência na América Latina foi apontado por um esforço intelectual coletivo ainda no final da década de 1960 e durante a década de 1970. Por uma conjunção de fatores históricos, o debate foi relegado ao esquecimento e toda uma corrente teórica que fez época acabou ficando esquecida. Ao longo dos anos 1990 e, principalmente, a partir da década seguinte, as exigências históricas impulsionaram toda uma nova geração de pesquisadores a retomar o fio desse debate. Inserindo-se nesse processo, esse trabalho se propõe a retomar a Teoria da Dependência a partir de uma perspectiva que fora pouco tratada: o debate sobre a ideologia dominante na região. O trajeto proposto para estudar esse objeto consiste em debater, dentro da tradição marxista, o conteúdo do conceito de ideologia; retomar o debate sobre a dependência, a partir da caracterização do conceito e de sua periodização; para enfim, entender o seu objeto. A proposta parte do pressuposto de que a reprodução do capitalismo dependente, apresenta o desafio de compreender a particularidade da ideologia das classes dominantes que ao mesmo tempo são subordinadas no circuito capitalista internacional. A hipótese que norteia o trabalho é a de que, tal como o capitalismo dependente se reproduz de modo particular, o mesmo ocorre com a ideologia dominante nos países dependentes. / The problem of dependency in Latin America was indicated by a collective intellectual effort, still in the late 1960s and during the 1970s. By a conjuction of historical factors, the debate was relegated to oblivion, and a whole theoretical chain was forgotten. Over the 1990s and, in particular, from the following decade, the historical requirements have boosted an entire new generation of researchers to take up the thread of this debate. Inserting itself in this process, this work intends to resume the Dependency Theory from a perspective that has been little treated: the debate on the dominant ideology in the region. The proposed path to study this object consists of discussing, whitin the Marxist tradition, the content of the concept of ideology; to resume the debate on dependency, from the characterization of the concept and its periodization; to finally understand its object. The proposal stars from the assumption that the reproduction of the dependent capitalism, place the challenge of understanding the particularity of the ideology of the ruling classes which at the same time are subordinated in the international capitalism circuit. The hypothesis that guides the work is that, just as dependent capitalism reproduces itself in a particular way, so does the dominant ideology in dependent countries.

Este estudo procura estabelecer uma relação entre discurso e trabalho. Com base na Análise de Discurso francesa, tal como foi elaborada por Michel Pêcheux, busca ressignificar, desde Karl Marx, passando por Louis Althusser e Hannah Arendt o lugar teórico do trabalho no interior de uma teoria materialista dos sentidos. O que é o trabalho? Pergunta feita a vinte e um trabalhadores metalúrgicos da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre que sofreram acidente de trabalho. Os testemunhos narram, para além do acidente, as trajetórias profissionais. Na análise as definições apontam para a afirmação do óbvio. Determinações que rompem a linearidade do discurso, marcas da elipse e incisa, que levam o sentido ao limite da falta e do excesso. Nada é trabalho, tudo é trabalho. Efeitos de sentido designados discurso de labor, que interpelam o sujeito por um funcionamento verborrágico. O sujeito se desdobra como função e goza do alívio de ser meio do meio de funcionamento. O que no social é demanda de reprodução é para o sujeito demanda de consumo. A interpelação é do/no ato de produção. A comada social produz o sujeito como efeito entre o fato vazio, contingente do consumo e a falta objetiva, que o sujeito produz e que deve necessariamente reproduzir. Injunção na história, dispersão do sujeito. Algo escapa, acontece, transborda. O que se repete materialmente deixa marcas na ordem do discurso. A ambiguidade é o modo de acesso à ambivalência entre vida e morte: viver trabalhando para não morrer. Laço metafórico que confronta no sujeito um discurso que o consolida e que o esvazia. Causa de um gesto de realização impossível, o trabalhador se desloca na cadeia metonímica. Repetir, reiterar, reproduzir e resistir. O trabalhador existe entre ser e fazer, ter e estar, viver e trabalhar. No batimento da reprodução a vida resiste, mas não se resolve, permanece ambígua. / This study aims to set a relation between the concepts of discourse and work. Based on the french line of thought of Discourse Analyses, as theorized by Michel Pêcheux, the concept of work is defined based on ideas from Karl Marx, Louis Althusser and Hannah Arendt, as a way to resignify it within a materialist theory of meaning. What is work? This was the question asked to twenty one metal workers from the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, who had a work accident. Their testimonies go beyond the accident and tell us about their entire professional life. It analyzes points to the obvious. Determinations that break the linearity of discourse, marks of ellipses and incises, all of those taking the meaning to the limit of the lack and the excess. Nothing is work, everything is work. Effects of meaning, designated as labor discourse, which interpellates the subject by a verbose operation. The subject unfolds as a function and as a jouissance of being a work medium. The interpellation comes from the act of production and in itself is present. The social command brings forth the subject as an effect between the empty fact – a consumption contingency – and the objective lack – which the subject himself creates and must reiterate. Injunction in history, dispersion of the subject. Something escapes, happens, overflows. What is materially repeated leaves traces in the discourse. The ambiguity is the door to the ambivalence of life and death: a life of work in order not to die. It is a metaphorical bond that sets at the subject a discourse that both consolidates and empties him. As a cause of a gesture of impossible realization, the worker moves himself in the metonymic chain. Repeat, reiterate, reproduce and resist. The worker exits between being and doing, having and being, living and working. At the beat of the reproduction, life resists, but does not answer itself: remains ambiguous.

Background: The fashion industry today is one of constant and unceasing change. It is a segment of materialism, characterised by fast-paced and outsourced production, cost pressed profit structures, and never ending designs and trends. This framework together with modern day marketing communications that unremittingly stimulate new consumer wants have created a landscape of overconsumption. As a reaction to this hysteria of consumerism is the emergence of a relatively new notion, slow fashion. This ideology places emphasis on decelerating both production and consumption cycles through more conscious purchasing patterns. Previous studies confirm that although consumers are accepting of the slow fashion mind-set, their interest does not necessarily equate to engagement in terms of conscious consumption. Consequently, companies today are seeking alternative modes of communication such as storytelling. Purpose: The objective of this paper is; thus, to investigate how slow fashion is being communicated through storytelling, in better understanding how to engage consumers in more conscious and responsible fashion consumption. Method: The study uses a qualitative method of research with a deductive approach. The research design entails multiple case studies of semi-structured interviews conducted among four slow fashion companies in Sweden. Theoretical data has been collected primarily through peer reviewed literature and other written works in electronic form. The theoretical starting point of the paper begins with concepts such as slow fashion as an ideology and its values, goals and objectives. Thereafter, storytelling, engagement and meaning are each theoretically explained and empirically investigated. Conclusion: The study reveals that slow fashion retailers are using storytelling but to varying degrees in communicating the slow fashion ideology. There is a focus on engaging consumers through education, interaction and activating several human senses. It can be seen that consumers are engaged and interested in the slow fashion mind-set; however, it cannot be confirmed that they are actually behaving or acting as slow fashionists. / Program: Master programme in Fashion Management

This paper examines the market adaptation of Swedish public libraries from a critical theory perspective, to see which forms of market-based funding and activities have been incorporated in the Göteborg, Malmö and Stockholm city libraries. The thesis uses an ideal type analysis, creating a theoretical construct of the archetypical marketized library against which the three libraries can be compared. The funding of a marketized library (1) is not public; and relies on (2) user fees; and (3) private grants and sponsorship. Regarding the activities of a marketized library, (4) the objectives are to maximize the quantity of output, regardless of its content (5) users are approached as “customers” and (6) collections are determined by market criteria and user demand. Library plans, annual programs and annual reports are the material for analysis. The results give a mixed picture. The libraries are all primarily publicly funded. Only the Stockholm library used private sponsorship as a source of funding. However, all three libraries relied rather heavily on user fees and service charges, and they all received private grants in 2006. In terms of the activities, none of the libraries expressed their goals purely in quantitative terms (although the Göteborg library vision was close). The goal assessments indicate libraries preoccupied primarily with numbers, however, trying to increase the quantity of visits and loans much like a book store. Users were in practice often approached as “customers,” but they were not expressly called that in the documents. There were also some market elements in the determination of collections. / Uppsatsnivå: D

This dissertation examines the emergence of queer personhood among black publics and medical cultures in South Africa over the past century. Based on more than two years of fieldwork in South Africa, it contains both a historical and an ethnographic component. The historical research was comprised of archival research and 16 life history interviews exploring how black South Africans reference multiple cultural fields of sexual and gender identities to elaborate composite formations of sexual subjectivity and personhood. In the ethnographic component, I conducted participant-observation and 70 in-depth interviews among various groups, including a number of queer, non-governmental organizations and two global health, HIV-focused clinical sites. In these settings, I examined how social actors, in the context of community settings and global health and community development projects, address sexual and gender nonconformity. Existing scholarship on gender and sexuality in South Africa presumes the existence of only one cultural field of gender and sexual identities in this social field. In contrast, my dissertation argues that multiple cultural fields and sexual ideologies have emerged coevally here. One is a liberal field of sexual subjectivity consisting of globally diffuse concepts of sexual personhood that are historically rooted in a psychiatric style of reasoning, such as homosexual, heterosexual, etc.; the other fields are more localized and are based on ethnic cultural fields of sexual and gender identities. However, they have incorporated aspects of, a globally diffuse psychiatric and anatomical style of reasoning about sexuality. Whereas the `global' liberal sexual ideology dictates a strict alignment of sex and gender, and has done so for some time, the ethnic sexual ideologies I examine, until recently, have not. My work explores the interrelationship of these multiple cultural fields. It follows the enactment of composite sexual subjectivities that are produced when social actors call upon multiple cultural fields of meaning about gender and sexuality. The study demonstrates how race and class mediate the co-emergence of these multiple cultural fields, and how they are entwined with political and economic ideologies and global health knowledge systems. The introductory chapter maps the theoretical and empirical terrain as well as the main questions that are discussed and proposed through the rest of the monograph. The second chapter is a historical analysis of gendered and sexual personhood among black South Africans during the twentieth century. Chapter 3 maps how discourses about cultural authenticity are being used to both contest and constitute LGBTQ sexualities as African. As these cultures and sexual ideologies co-emerge, Chapter 4 examines how they have become entwined with particular political traditions and ideologies during the past century. Chapter 5 explores the ways that biomedicine and public health only reference the a liberal sexual ideology when producing knowledge about black queer bodies and populations in the context of global health HIV interventions. Specifically, I explore the enactment of the MSM and WSW epidemiologic risk categories within HIV science. In Chapter 6, the disjuncture between global health knowledge and everyday experiences of gender and sexuality are highlighted through an ethical case study of the implementation of the HIV intervention known as pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP. The case study concretely demonstrates how the symbolic violence enacted by medical cultures, which only reference the liberal cultural field, conditions structural violence in the form of unjust distribution of health resources among queer groups. The analyses presented in this dissertation suggest new avenues for queer and feminist anthropological inquiry throughout the sub-Saharan African region. In particular, this scholarship contributes to a novel understanding of the political economy of global health and sexuality by exploring how knowledge production and circulation about sexuality within global health contributes to gendered health disparities.

Esta dissertação estuda os estereótipos sobre o negro na sociedade brasileira e, investiga, em especial, o investimento ideológico marcado no léxico para produção e reprodução de discriminação racial. Acreditamos que o conceito de estereótipo seja chave para entendermos as complexas relações raciais no Brasil e o controle social exercido sobre o negro na sociedade brasileira por meio do discurso. O escopo teórico para desenvolvimento desta pesquisa é baseado na teoria da Análise Crítica do Discurso, especialmente, nas contribuições teóricometodológicas de van Dijk (2008) e Norman Fairclough (1989). Recorremos aos estudos de Fernandes (2007), Bhabha (2005), Bauman (2001), entre outros, para explorarmos esta temática e estabelecermos relações entre discurso, escolhas lexicais e estereótipos. Para tanto, foram selecionados Boletins de Ocorrência Policial da Decradi/SP (Delegacia de Crimes Raciais e Delitos de Intolerância de São Paulo) e Depate/DF (Departamento de Atividades Especiais da Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal) sobre preconceito e discriminação racial em São Paulo, SP, e no Distrito Federal, DF, no período de 2000 a 2009. Este corpus permitiu reconhecer questões referentes ao preconceito, a partir de pistas lingüístico-discursivas utilizadas nos discursos dos acusados de racismo. / This dissertation studies the stereotypes on the Negro in the Brazilian society and researches, with special emphasis, the ideological investment registered in the lexicon for the production and reproduction of racial discrimination. We consider the concept of stereotype as a key element for understanding the complex racial relations in Brazil and the social control by the speech over the Negro in the Brazilian society. The theoretical guideline for the realization of this research is based on the theory of Critical Analysis of the Speech, specially the theoretic and methodological contributions of Van Dijk (2008) and Norman Fairclough (1989). We turn to the studies of Fernandes (2007), Bhabha (2005), Bauman (2001), among others in order to explore this thematic and to establish relations among speech, lexical choices and stereotypes. For such purposes, we selected Police Reports of Decradi/SP (Police Office against Racial Crimes and Intolerance Faults of Sao Paulo) and Depate/DF (Department of Special Activities of the Civilian Police of the Federal District) over prejudice and racial discrimination in Sao Paulo/SP, and in the Federal District/DF, in the period of 2000 until 2009. This corpus allowed the recognition of issues related to prejudice provided by the linguistic and discursive clues used in the speech by those accused of racism.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o discurso da mídia sobre a implantação do ensino religioso nas escolas públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O corpus compreende quatro editoriais, sendo dois do jornal O Globo e dois do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, todos veiculados no período de 2003 a 2004. O foco da pesquisa se concentra na observação de como são utilizadas as estratégias discursivas no desenvolvimento desse discurso que pode ser analisado como polêmico e como se dá o processo argumentativo, visando a destacar marcas ideológicas das relações que estão implícitas na produção desse discurso. Alicerçamos nossos estudos na Teoria da Argumentação, a partir do que indicam Chaim Perelman e Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca (2000), e na Análise Critica do Discurso (ACD), segundo as pesquisas de Teun A. van Dijk (1983; 2000; 2004 e 2005), entre outros. Como todo fato divulgado pela imprensa não pode ser apartado de seu contexto específico de produção, este trabalho também observa como os decretos indicaram a implantação do ensino religioso nas escolas públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro dentro dos parâmetros político-educacionais, buscando destacar, por meio da análise do Corpus, o papel desempenhado pela mídia (a imprensa) como construtora de imagens e sentidos. / The objective of this survey is to analyze the statements of the media on the implementation of religious education at public schools in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The corpus consists of four editorials, including two from O Globo and two from Folha de São Paulo, all of them published in the period 2004/2004. The survey is focused on the observation of how the discursive strategies are analyzed in the development of this statement, which can be considered polemic, and how the argumentative process is developed, with the aim of highlighting ideological aspects of the relationships that are implicit in the production of such statements. We based our studies on the Argumentation Theory, on the indications of Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts- Tyteca (2000), and on the Critical Analysis of the Speech (ACD), according to researches of Teun A. van Dijk (1983: 2000: 2004 e 2005), among others. As every fact that is released by the press can not be separated from its specific production context, this work also considers how the decrees indicated the implementation of religious education at public schools in Rio de Janeiro within the political-educational parameters, to stress, by means of the analysis of the Corpus, the role the media (the press) plays as a builder of images and senses.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a representação dramatúrgica da família na peça A Lie of the Mind, do dramaturgo estadunidense Sam Shepard, e os recursos por meio dos quais essa representação, tal como realizada, configura elementos de crítica à ideologia dominante relacionada ao papel da família no contexto sócio-histórico do país. Serão levantados, aqui, os aspectos formais da peça, principalmente os que se relacionam com a estética expressionista e com outros expedientes de criação que a distanciam do drama convencional. O objeto do estudo é o texto dramatúrgico original da peça (e não sua encenação). A análise tratará dos aspectos textuais e contextuais da peça e com base neles examinará as relações familiares figuradas em A Lie of the Mind como representativas e intrínsecas à situação social das personagens. / This dissertation aims at analysing the dramaturgical representation of family in the play A Lie of the Mind, by the North-American playwright Sam Shepard, and the means through which this representation, as developed in the text, brings forth elements of criticism to the dominant ideology related to the role of the family in the countrys socio-historical context. Formal aspects of the play will be approached, mainly the ones related to Expressionism and to other creative resources that drive it away from conventional drama. The study object is the original text of the play (and not the play in performance). The analysis will deal with textual and contextual aspects of the play and, based on them, will examine the familial relations that are represented in A Lie of the Mind as representative and intrinsic to the social situation of the characters.

A tese propõe-se explicar as peculiaridades do conceito de ideologia na obra de Adorno, entendo-o como conceito central na filosofia adorniana. Para tanto, procura-se em primeiro lugar apresentar uma reinterpretação da articulação entre mito e Aufklärung tal como exposta no livro Dialektik der Aufklärung, a fim de se caracterizar o quadro histórico geral em que se coloca o problema para Adorno. A partir disto, são então analisados os fenômenos principais da reversão da Aufklärung em mito: o antisemitismo e a indústria cultural. Quanto ao primeiro, discutem-se os textos de Adorno produzidos no âmbito do Projeto de Pesquisa sobre o Anti-Semitismo e os Elementos do Anti-Semitismo buscando-se obter as bases psicológicas e sócio-econômicas do fenômeno e, através disto, o diagnóstico adorniano da contemporaneidade. Os resultados deste trabalho são então utilizados na análise da indústria cultural como forma por excelência da ideologia no capitalismo tardio. / The thesis proposal is to explain the peculiarities of the concept of ideology in Adorno s works, understanding it as a central concept in the Adornian philosophy. To do so, first it is presented a reinterpretation of the articulation between myth and Aufklärung as it is explained in the book Dialektik der Aufklärung, in order to define the general historical frame in which the issue presents itself to Adorno. After this, anti-semitism and culture industry, the main expressions of the reversion of Aufklärung to mythology, are then analyzed. Regarding the former, the texts written by Adorno within the Research Project on Anti-Semitism and the Elements of Anti-Semitism are discussed, in order to search for the psychological and socio-economic basis of both Fascism and anti-semitism and, through this, present the Adornian diagnosis of the contemporaneity. The results of this work are then used in the analysis of the culture industry as the main form of ideology in the late capitalism.