Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OliviaJoffily.pdf: 713342 bytes, checksum: cb5ed46ed0ce836d759c27139d0bcb58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-07 / This work intends to review a period in Brazilian history, the military dictatorship (1964-1985), from the point of view of the oppressed, particularly the multiple and creative ways women participated on the resistance to the military regime, showing, through interviews and bibliographic research, their path and their contribution to the establishment of democracy. It attempts to build a different version of this period of our history, reconstructing the collective and individual paths of a group of women, in permanent interaction between these two views. In this way, by giving voice to this women, it intends to contribute to the recuperation of their actions as subjects and agents of this moment in Brazilian social history. For that, were collected life stories of 12 women, who talked about their participation in support activities, in the structure of political parties, in the underground period, in exile, in armed resistance and in the solitude of imprisonment and torture. / Este trabalho pretende resgatar parte de um período da história do Brasil, a ditadura militar (1964-1985), sob a ótica dos oprimidos, em particular as múltiplas e criativas formas de participação feminina na resistência ao regime militar, tornando visível, com entrevistas e pesquisa bibliográfica, sua trajetória e sua contribuição à conquista da democracia. Busca construir uma outra versão desse período de nossa história, reconstituindo a trajetória coletiva e individual de um grupo de mulheres, em permanente interação com essas duas instâncias. Dessa forma, dando voz a essas mulheres, pretende contribuir para o resgate de seu desempenho como sujeito e agente desse momento da história social brasileira. Para esse fim, foram coletados relatos tematizados de vida de 12 mulheres, que falaram sobre sua participação no apoio, na estrutura dos partidos, durante a clandestinidade e exílio, na luta armada e na solidão do cárcere e da tortura.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OliviaJoffily.pdf: 713342 bytes, checksum: cb5ed46ed0ce836d759c27139d0bcb58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-07 / This work intends to review a period in Brazilian history, the military dictatorship (1964-1985), from the point of view of the oppressed, particularly the multiple and creative ways women participated on the resistance to the military regime, showing, through interviews and bibliographic research, their path and their contribution to the establishment of democracy. It attempts to build a different version of this period of our history, reconstructing the collective and individual paths of a group of women, in permanent interaction between these two views. In this way, by giving voice to this women, it intends to contribute to the recuperation of their actions as subjects and agents of this moment in Brazilian social history. For that, were collected life stories of 12 women, who talked about their participation in support activities, in the structure of political parties, in the underground period, in exile, in armed resistance and in the solitude of imprisonment and torture. / Este trabalho pretende resgatar parte de um período da história do Brasil, a ditadura militar (1964-1985), sob a ótica dos oprimidos, em particular as múltiplas e criativas formas de participação feminina na resistência ao regime militar, tornando visível, com entrevistas e pesquisa bibliográfica, sua trajetória e sua contribuição à conquista da democracia. Busca construir uma outra versão desse período de nossa história, reconstituindo a trajetória coletiva e individual de um grupo de mulheres, em permanente interação com essas duas instâncias. Dessa forma, dando voz a essas mulheres, pretende contribuir para o resgate de seu desempenho como sujeito e agente desse momento da história social brasileira. Para esse fim, foram coletados relatos tematizados de vida de 12 mulheres, que falaram sobre sua participação no apoio, na estrutura dos partidos, durante a clandestinidade e exílio, na luta armada e na solidão do cárcere e da tortura.

The themes of uncertainty, muddle and imprisonment, which are inextricably linked, permeate Charles Dickens’s novels. In his ‘early’ first five novels, The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, The Old Curiosity Shop and Barnaby Rudge, society is depicted as emerging from the Classical episteme of the eighteenth century into a period of uncertainty that is dominated by values inspired by mercantilism. Social and bureaucratic institutional practices have been outpaced by commercial developments and are shown to be lacking; they are outdated and irrelevant in meeting the needs of a society that is in the process of rejecting its feudal history. Yet, during these uncertain times, these archaic instruments of social control continue to exert a power over the individual in the absence of something more relevant to a commercialised nineteenth-century society. The legislature, the judiciary and the executive all continue to exercise their misguided power over those under their control, capturing these in webs and labyrinths of uncertainty, with the result that Mr Pickwick, Oliver, Nicholas, Little Nell and Barnaby all fall victim to these vagaries, and experience prison in one form or another. The second, or ‘middle’ group of novels, comprising Martin Chuzzlewit, Dombey and Son, David Copperfield, Bleak House and Hard Times, reveal something different. Although institutions are still depicted as deeply flawed, Dickens shifts his focus from the inadequacies of social institutions to the flawed individuals who inhabit this defective society; individuals who are required to rid themselves of their flaws in order to achieve authenticity and, thus, enable a regeneration within society to take place. The ‘final’ novels, Little Dorrit, The Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations and Our Mutual Friend, seem to suggest that the ambit of commercialisation, with its skewed values, is so all-encompassing that no character is able to escape its clutches. The result is a society and its citizens who are inescapably imprisoned in their respective physical, emotional and moral prisons. This thesis examines the development and consequences of institutional uncertainty on the individual and on society. It is argued that Dickens follows a Foucauldian trajectory, initially visiting the uncertainties of the times on the bodies of his characters during the early nineteenth century, attempting to create ‘docile bodies’ of his characters through discipline and punishment of the soul in the middle of the century and, finally, in the second half of the century, revealing an entire society caught up in the morass of uncertainty from which there appears to be no escape. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil.(English)

Le jour-amende, introduit en France par la loi n°83-466 du 10 juin 1983, est une « peine pécuniairecorrectionnelle qui astreint le condamné à verser au Trésor public une somme, dont le montantglobal résulte de la détermination par le juge d'une contribution quotidienne pendant un certainnombre de jours, et qui peut être prononcée à la place de l'emprisonnement ou cumulativement ».Cette définition passe toutefois sous silence le second aspect de cette peine, dont la particularité,par rapport à l'amende ordinaire, réside dans la possibilité d'ordonner l'exécution d'une détentionpour une durée équivalente au nombre de jours-amende impayé. Cette sanction pénale est ainsicaractérisée par sa dualité matérielle, qui a conduit le législateur à lui attribuer un régime enapparente adéquation avec cette spécificité. Or, trente ans après sa consécration en France, lejour-amende peine à trouver sa place au sein du système répressif. Loin d'avoir satisfait auxespoirs portés par son introduction, dans un contexte de lutte contre les courtes peinesd'emprisonnement, le jour-amende semble se heurter à des difficultés liées à son fonctionnement.Sa dualité matérielle, qui est son atout majeur, a conduit à une réelle ambiguïté fonctionnelle. Uncertain nombre d'incohérences est à déplorer dans le système mis en place par le législateurfrançais. Ce constat, accentué par l'étude du droit comparé, conduit à la certitude que le jouramendedoit être réformé. Aussi, ce travail de recherche tend à élaborer un certain nombre depropositions pouvant servir de base à l'initiation d'une réflexion législative, en vue d'une réformequi semble indispensable. / The day-fine, introduced in France by law n°83-466 of 10 june 1983, is defined as « a fine thatrequires the convicted offender to pay the Treasury a sum of money which results from the judge'sdetermination of a daily contribution for a number of days, and which may be imposed instead of,or in addition to, imprisonment ». This definition ignores the second aspect of the penalty.Specifically, it is possible to order the detention for a period equivalent to the number of unpaidday-fines. This criminal sanction is thus characterized by its material duality which is consistentwith this apparent specificity. However, thirty years after its acceptance in France, it is clear that theday-fine is struggling to find its place within the law enforcement system. Far from having metexpectations when il was introduced, in a context of fighting against short prison sentences, theday-fine seems to be facing a number of difficulties relating to its functioning. Its material duality,which is the biggest advantage, has become a real functional ambiguity. Regrettably, there are anumber of inconsistencies in the legal system. This, highlighted by the study of comparative law,leads to the certainty that the day-fine must be reformed. Also, this research aims to formulate anumber of proposals which could be used as a basis for a debate and a reform that seemsnecessary

This dissertation examines the trial of Japanese war crimes conducted by Australia between 1945 and 1951; although the study commences in 1943, when the Government first focussed on the issue, and ends in 1961, when the issue was closed. Beyond providing an overview of the trials the thesis addresses the major criticism of the trials by looking at whether the trails were fair and if they fulfilled Australian aims. This is addressed within the context of the two elements of international law, the political, and the legal, and examined in each of the three sections. The Policy section establishes the political context of the trials by examining the influence of the international community and the Australian Government. Both influenced structure and progress rather than the final application of the law. When Australian attitudes were incongruous with international views, a perception that Australia was harsh and repressive developed even though justice was an important part of the Government???s agenda. A study of legal aspects of the trials commences in the Procedures section. Australia???s legislation and regulations are explained with particular emphasis on the more controversial aspects, and a comparison is made with the war crimes instruments of other Allies trying the Japanese showing many similarities between the regulations used by other nations and Australia???s. Procedures also discusses the framework for the Australian trials, the procedures used to bring a case to trial, the process used in court, the review process and the carrying out of sentences. Such a thorough study of the procedural basis is necessary to evaluate the individual trials. Practical examples of some of the procedural problems are also discussed in the following section ??? Practice. This section reviews a number of trials and the various types of crimes and the claims made in defence to show how Australia applied and interpreted the law. The study finds many similarities between Australia???s application of the law and the practice of other nations, indicating that Australian courts were applying what was considered to be customary expectations of behaviour. Throughout the trials there was little evidence of vindictiveness or revenge, either by Government or in the courts. Both were faced with significant problems, which were not always dealt with well but overall the trials were fair and those involved were concerned that justice should not only be seen to be done, but actually be done.

Current calls for prison abolition have been met with major public resistance. It is time for movements for prison abolition to engage with these questions: How have contemporary people of the United States come to accept mass incarceration and the prison industrial complex, and, what is the impact? Using an ethical framework informed by Martin Buber's I-It and I-Thou and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s ethical demands for integration, this thesis shows that the prison industrial complex is harmful to members of the free public by preventing our ability to recognize the full humanity of those sent behind bars, and therefore ourselves. Our system of mass incarceration relies upon the willingness of the society to first objectify criminals in order to rationalize their dehumanization through incarceration. By internalizing the practice of dehumanizing others, our humanity is objectified and our best moral self is compromised to ensure the prison industrial complex continues. The abolitionist movement must gain this insight in order to effectively address the fundamental ethical issue of prisons and also to connect the free victims to a dominating system of dehumanization, the prison industrial complex. / Graduation date: 2012

This dissertation examines the trial of Japanese war crimes conducted by Australia between 1945 and 1951; although the study commences in 1943, when the Government first focussed on the issue, and ends in 1961, when the issue was closed. Beyond providing an overview of the trials the thesis addresses the major criticism of the trials by looking at whether the trails were fair and if they fulfilled Australian aims. This is addressed within the context of the two elements of international law, the political, and the legal, and examined in each of the three sections. The Policy section establishes the political context of the trials by examining the influence of the international community and the Australian Government. Both influenced structure and progress rather than the final application of the law. When Australian attitudes were incongruous with international views, a perception that Australia was harsh and repressive developed even though justice was an important part of the Government???s agenda. A study of legal aspects of the trials commences in the Procedures section. Australia???s legislation and regulations are explained with particular emphasis on the more controversial aspects, and a comparison is made with the war crimes instruments of other Allies trying the Japanese showing many similarities between the regulations used by other nations and Australia???s. Procedures also discusses the framework for the Australian trials, the procedures used to bring a case to trial, the process used in court, the review process and the carrying out of sentences. Such a thorough study of the procedural basis is necessary to evaluate the individual trials. Practical examples of some of the procedural problems are also discussed in the following section ??? Practice. This section reviews a number of trials and the various types of crimes and the claims made in defence to show how Australia applied and interpreted the law. The study finds many similarities between Australia???s application of the law and the practice of other nations, indicating that Australian courts were applying what was considered to be customary expectations of behaviour. Throughout the trials there was little evidence of vindictiveness or revenge, either by Government or in the courts. Both were faced with significant problems, which were not always dealt with well but overall the trials were fair and those involved were concerned that justice should not only be seen to be done, but actually be done.

Thesis (MA (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In its conversations with four texts by J.M. Coetzee – Age of Iron (1990), Life & Times of Michael K (1983), Elizabeth Costello: Eight Lessons (2003) as well as the critical essays published in Doubling the Point, “The Poetics of Reciprocity” (1992) – this thesis will demonstrate the manner in which the singularities of each of these texts prompt, expand and challenge the framework that sustains its reading of Coetzee’s fiction. Whereas some critical methodologies seek to eliminate the characteristic indeterminacy of Coetzee’s fiction, imprisoning his novels in a contextual cage, this thesis demonstrates an allegiance to the primacy of the literary text together with a concern with the ethics of reading. The thesis proposes – in both content and form – an inductive ‘style of reading’ concerned with the continuous modification of its own strategies according to the ‘internal logics of the text’. I first encountered the term, ‘confinement’, in relation to Coetzee in an unpublished conference paper by Lucy Graham, “‘It is hard to keep out of the camps’: Areas of confinement in the fiction of J.M. Coetzee”. Graham’s paper focuses on the different camps, the ‘different circles of hell’, in Life & Times of Michael K especially, mentioning that ‘images of the camp resonate throughout Coetzee’s most recent fiction’. Although this thesis considers a variety of concrete and conceptual camps as well, it rather places predominant emphasis on the relationship between reader and literary text, which is examined in terms of two forms of delimitation, confinement and containment. This study identifies its style of reading as a ‘containment’ rather than a ‘confinement’. The term is intended to evoke an adaptable, constructive delineation of Coetzee’s fiction that involves a reciprocal relationship between reader and/or critic and text. As the thesis’s primary conceptual tool, one that I will argue is both solicited and thematised in Coetzee’s fiction, containment refers not only to a style of reading, but also to any reciprocal relationship, any mutual exchange. It applies to the relationship between genres (realism and metafiction) and ‘reality’ in Age of Iron; between text and reader in Life & Times of Michael K; between self and other in Elizabeth Costello; and between text and critic in “The Poetics of Reciprocity”. The notion of containment accepts the critical challenge posed by Coetzee’s fiction to engage with what Derek Attridge would call each ‘singular event’ or ‘act of literature’ on its own terms. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die tesis se gesprek met vier tekste deur J.M. Coetzee – Age of Iron (1990), Life and Times of Michael K (1983), Elizabeth Costello: Eight Lessons (2003) asook die kritiese tekste wat in Doubling the Point, “The Poetics of Reciprocity” (1992) gepubliseer is – sal dit toon hoe die sonderlinghede van elk van hierdie tekste die raamwerk wat my interpretasie van Coetzee se fiksie ondersteun, uitbrei en uitdaag. Waar sekere kritiese metodologieë probeer om die kenmerkende onbepaaldheid van Coetzee se fiksie te elimineer en sy romans in ’n konstekstuele hok te beperk, demonstreer hierdie tesis ’n getrouheid aan die voorrang wat die literêre teks moet geniet, insluitend ’n gemoeidheid met die etiek van lees. Die tesis stel, ten opsigte van sowel inhoud as vorm, ’n induktiewe ‘leesstyl’ voor wat gemoeid is met die deurentydse aanpassing van sy eie strategieë volgens ‘die interne logikas van die teks’. Ek het die term ‘beperking’ vir die eerste keer teëgekom in ’n ongepubliseerde referaat deur Lucy Graham, “‘It is hard to keep out of the camps’: Areas of confinement in the fiction of J.M. Coetzee”. Hierdie voordrag fokus op die onderskeie kampe in spesifiek Life & Times of Michael K. Graham wys daarop dat ‘die kamp-beeld in resente Coetzee-werke resoneer’. Alhoewel hierdie tesis ook variante van konkrete en konsepsuele kampe bekyk, gaan dit verder om by voorkeur die klem te laat val op die verhouding tussen leser en literêre teks. Dit word ondersoek in terme van twee vorme van afbakening en ontperking, naamlik beperking en inperking. Hierdie studie definieer sy eie leesstyl as ‘inperking’, in teenstelling tot ‘beperking’. Die bedoeling met die term is om `n aanpasbare, konstruktiewe afbakening van Coetzee se fiksie te ontlok wat ’n wedersydse verhouding tussen leser en/of kritikus en teks behels. As die tesis se primêre konsepsuele instrument, waarvan ek sal aanvoer dat dit in Coetzee se fiksie aangevra en getematiseer word, verwys ‘inperking’ nie net na leesstyl nie, maar ook na enige wederkerige verhouding, enige wedersydse uitruiling. Dit geld vir die verhouding tussen genres (realisme en metafiksie) en realiteit in Age of Iron; tussen teks en leser in Life and Times of Michael K; tussen die self en die ander in Elizabeth Costello; en tussen teks en kritikus in “The Poetics of Reciprocity”. Die begrip ‘inperking’ aanvaar die kritiese uitdaging wat deur Coetzee se fiksie gestel word om wat Derek Attridge elke ‘sonderlinge geleentheid’ of ‘literatuurdaad’ sou noem, op sy eie terme te benader.

Incarceration of offenders has been relied upon as the dominant sentence option through the years to address the objectives of punishment. Research has shown that the above-mentioned approach does not match the current lifestyle anymore. Correctional centres (prisons) not only in South Africa, but across the board are faced with the same challenge. This is of course not a problem of the Department of Correctional Services alone, but that of the entire justice system. It is therefore obligatory for Justice to join hands with society in accordance with the White Paper on Corrections in South Africa (2005:63-68). Playing a major role in all above-mentioned bodies is Parliament, without which the whole justice system would not exist, let alone functioning. The victims of crime would most probably not condone any soft approach towards treating offenders, worse with alleviating overpopulation by releasing inmates from correctional centres. It is the researcher's submission that the effects of overpopulation coupled with inmate's human rights, as entrenched in the Constitution becomes the major driving force to address overcrowding in our correctional centres. / Penelogy / (M.A. (Penelogy))

Submitted by Carolina Ferreira (carolinacutrupi@gmail.com) on 2011-12-07T13:14:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERREIRA,Carolina.Legislar pela exclusão social.pdf: 2655358 bytes, checksum: 44c93fa7a23a789bed923974507de5df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-12-07T13:25:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FERREIRA,Carolina.Legislar pela exclusão social.pdf: 2655358 bytes, checksum: 44c93fa7a23a789bed923974507de5df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-12-07T15:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERREIRA,Carolina.Legislar pela exclusão social.pdf: 2655358 bytes, checksum: 44c93fa7a23a789bed923974507de5df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-07 / The main objective of this dissertation is to understand the Legislative activities and your interaction among Judiciary and Executive in terms of enforcement of criminal sanction. The considered assumption is that the process of creation of laws about sanction management in Brazil is recurrent the selection of prisons sentences, and the management way created by LEP (Law of Penal Execution) is subject of few proposals of legislative reform. This study includes an empirical research of legislative proposals presented to National Congress between 1984 and 2011 related to the enforcement of criminal sanction. The second chapter of the dissertation contains a quantitative analysis of these proposals, through the systematization of general data (type of proposition, length of the procedure for approval, federal state of origin and author) to identify, when possible, the increase or decrease trend of social exclusion through the use of more or less frequence of imprisonment. The qualitative analysis focus on the concepts of management of criminal sanction and individualization of punishment. The third chapter introduces the concept of management of criminal sanction, review of legislative historical creation of legal degree to accomplishment of sanction until the creation of LEP in 1984, and reinforces a qualitative study of task divisions about accomplishment of sanction from an empirical material. The fourth chapter introduces the idea of individualization of sanction, as approached in a judicial activity, which interacts in a dynamic and constant way with legislative and administrative activities, especially while the accomplishment of prison sentencing. From this concept, new legislative proposals present a new arrangement of distribution of tasks among the three powers regarding enforcement of criminal sanction. The conclusion of this dissertation is that the creation process of criminal laws in Brazil recognizes the use of freedom private sanction, considering the extension of minimum prison quorum or the extinction of subjective rights, in a situation that the judge has no many possibilities to actuate in case. / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo compreender a atividade legislativa e a articulação entre os Poderes Legislativo, Judiciário e Executivo no momento de cumprimento da pena pelo condenado. Parte-se da hipótese de que no processo de criação de leis sobre gestão da sanção no Brasil é recorrente a seleção de penas prisionais e que a atividade de determinação da quantidade e da qualidade da pena no caso concreto é objeto de disputa entre legislador, juiz e administrador penitenciário. Para investigar esta hipótese, a pesquisa comporta um levantamento empírico de proposições legislativas apresentadas no Congresso Nacional entre 1984 e 2011 relacionadas ao cumprimento da sanção criminal. O segundo capítulo da dissertação contém uma análise quantitativa destas proposições, por meio da sistematização dos dados gerais (tipo de proposição, tramitação, estado de origem e autor) e identifica, quando possível, as medidas tendentes a ampliar ou reduzir a exclusão social por meio do uso mais ou menos frequente da pena de prisão. O terceiro capítulo introduz o conceito de gestão da sanção, revisa o histórico legislativo de criação de um diploma legal voltado ao cumprimento da pena até a criação da LEP (1984) e empreende um estudo qualitativo sobre a divisão de tarefas sobre cumprimento da pena a partir do material empírico. O quarto capítulo apresenta a ideia de individualização da pena, conceito abordado da perspectiva de uma atividade judicial que interage de forma dinâmica e constante com as atividades legislativas e administrativas, especialmente durante o cumprimento da pena de prisão. A partir deste conceito são retomadas proposições legislativas que, em alguma medida, abordam o arranjo ou o rearranjo da divisão de tarefas entre os três poderes. Ao final, conclui-se que o processo de elaboração de normas penais no Brasil valoriza o uso da pena de privativa de liberdade, por meio da ampliação das frações mínimas prisionais ou da vedação de direitos subjetivos, situação na qual o juiz tem pouco espaço para atuar no caso concreto.