The difference in valuation between private and public firms have been studied several times on the U.S. and European markets. However, we believe that the lack of studies made on the Swedish market opened a possibility for an exciting opportunity. The general conclusion drawn from the earlier studies is that there in fact does exist a discount on private companies compared to similar publicly traded ones and this study is going to examine whether this also applies on the Swedish market. After collecting data from acquisitions of private and public firms, each private firm is paired up with its closest public counterpart and the multiples are being compared. This resulted in a mean discount for private companies of 48%, 32% and 32% when comparing the EV/EBITDA, EV/Sales, and EV/Earnings multiples respectively confirming the existence of a Private Company Discount on the Swedish market.

Les gens infectés par la rougeole subissent une suppression immunitaire. Ce mémoire porte sur l’influence de cette caractéristique de la rougeole sur un autre pathogène, ici la grippe. Il s’agit donc de modéliser la réponse immunitaire d’une interaction virus-virus, problème d’une grande pertinence durant la pandémie causée par le SRAS-CoV-2 alors que les interactions de celui-ci avec le virus de l’influenza demeurent à déterminer. Nous avons également que la grippe augmente la production d’autres pathogènes. Un modèle de chaque pathogène va être développé et analysé. On cherchera les points fixes, leurs conditions de stabilité et on observera quelques résultats numériques pour constater leurs évolutions dans le temps. Ensuite un modèle suivant l’évolution des deux pathogènes ayant infecté un individu au même moment sera conçu. Dans ce modèle nous inclurons les interactions d’un pathogène l’un sur l’autre pour déterminer théoriquement les effets chez les individus infectés à la fois par la grippe et la rougeole. On pourra par la suite comparer entre les différentes populations lorsqu’il n’y a aucune interaction et avec les différentes interactions entre les deux pathogènes. / People infected with measles experience immune suppression. This work focuses on the influence of this characteristic of measles on another pathogen, here the flu. We also have that the flu will increase the production of other pathogens in a co-infection model. Modeling the immune response to such virus-virus interaction is currently of signficant relevance, given the limited knowledge on SARS-CoV-2/influenza interactions. A model of each pathogen will be developed and analysed. We will look for the fixed points, conditions for their stability and we will observe some numerical results of their evolution over time. Then a model following the evolution of the two pathogens having simultaneously infected an individual will be designed. In this model we will include the interactions of the pathogens on each other to theoretically determine the effects in individuals infected with both influenza and measles. Then we can compare between the different populations when there is no interaction and with the different interactions between the two pathogens.

Whilst influencer marketing has become a more common practice for decision makers within the field of influencer marketing, qualitative measurements are yet intangible and hard to measure, hence, requiring standardization. Recent scholars suggest that the phenomenon of influencer marketing have drastically changed over a short period of time, and there are reasons to believe that it is still changing. Therefore, relevant scholars have suggested that further research on the subject is of highest importance to the society as well as for brand/ company perspectives. The authors of this thesis have therefore focused on the most crucial elements that needs further research within the field of influencer marketing. These elements are elaborated by previous research, however, there are inconsistencies that needs to be reviewed and clarified. Although, influencer marketing requires more research in general, the authors of this thesis have decided to focus on the Swedish market, to understand and display the common strategies used within influencer marketing today, andpotentially foresee future strategies and trends.Inconsistency among previous research exists in terms of influencer selection, influencer evaluation and disclosure strategies. Additionally, there is a further need of elaborating on preferred relationships between brands/ companies and influencers, as well as preferred traits and characteristics brands/ companies seeks within an influencer. Therefore, the research question states; How do decision makers within the field of influencer marketing select andevaluate influencers; andhow are the different disclosure strategies used?Based on theoretical books, scientific articles, and journals the authors of this thesis have chosen suggested approaches to evaluate and analyse the data gathered. The primary data itself was gathered through semi-structured interviews consisting of six respondents. The respondents operate in different industries, but all are decision makers within the field of influencer marketing. For convenience, the authors of this have categorized the respondents based on size of company and whether their main focus are products or services.The findings of the thesis are presented in a model where the most common practices are displayed. The result will provide the reader with cause of action within the quantitative and qualitative approaches one can take. It has been established that qualitative approaches are becoming more common, contributing to a need of a trustworthy evaluation of such subjective approaches. In addition, the model presents the disclosure strategies used by the respondents in this study, hence, providing an understanding of how disclosure can be used to prevent certain issues. Evidence also points at missing opportunities regarding disclosure strategies. Furthermore, influencer characteristics and relationship approaches will be discussed. This thesis provides the most common approaches used by decision makers within the field of influencer marketing, especially when selecting and evaluating influencers. However, there is a need for further research regarding selection and evaluation of qualitative approaches as well as for disclosure strategies.

La facultad de Ingeniería de Sistemas busca brindar a la comunidad estudiantil de la universidad San Luis Gonzaga de Ica una infraestructura de acorde a las necesidades educativas de la carrera; de manera que dicha infraestructura no solo sea una casa de estudios, sino que se convierta en parte de la formación educativa. También responder a las relaciones sociales de esta generación estudiantil a través de los principios del In between, los cuales permiten crear espacios de encuentro; lugares de transición entre dos realidades y un recorrido espacial que genera dinamismo en la arquitectura. / The Faculty of Systems Engineering seeks to provide the student community of the San Luis Gonzaga University with an infrastructure according to the educational career needs. This infrastructure is not only a study house, also becomes part of the educational cursus. This building is matching the student social interactions of the last decades through the in between values, which allow to create meeting spaces; places of transition between two realities and a dynamic space route in the building / Tesis

This MA thesis deals with the actual situation of economic migration in the Czech Republic, the state institutions and non-profit organizations which operate in the field of labour migration and the interrelationship between non-profit organizations and state institutions. The aim of this thesis is to uncover how the global economic recession has influenced activities of state institutions and non-profit organizations which operate in this area. This thesis uses combination of qualitative methods of research.

FAJSTAVROVÁ, Elena. Palliative care in the Czech Republic. Comparison between church based and non-church based care institutes. The diploma thesis focuses on the palliative care in the Czech Republic, on the comparison between the church based and non-church based institutes. The thesis carries out a research in six different institutes providing a palliative care. Based on interviews with doctors, spirituals and patient the institutes provide answers to main research topics of the thesis. By analysis of the interviews the care in different types of institutes and also in the particular institutes is examined and compared. The final part of the thesis summarizes the research with a study of ethical issues in dying. The diploma thesis provides examples in theory and practise of end of life care. The thesis can be used as a source of information for those looking for a palliative care.

In der soziologischen, philosophischen, kulturwissenschaftlichen und erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschung ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein starkes Interesse für Aufmerksamkeit zu verzeichnen, eine gestiegene Aufmerksamkeit für Aufmerksamkeit, die sich nicht zuletzt in einer steigenden Zahl von empirischen Studien, insbesondere im Schulunterricht, niederschlägt. Mithilfe der pädagogisch-phänomenologischen Videographie geht die vorliegende Arbeit mit ihrem Anspruch allerdings über eine empirisch-videographische Studie zur Aufmerksamkeit hinaus. Sie bietet zudem eine Reflexion darauf, wie unterrichtliche Aufmerksamkeit als nicht unmittelbar sichtbare pädagogische Erfahrung und Praxis sowie als pädagogisches Phänomen methodisch angemessen und gehaltvoll beschrieben, tentativ angenähert und zugänglich gemacht, produktiv interpretiert und analysiert werden kann, ohne diese auf Verhalten zu reduzieren; denn die pädagogisch-phänomenologische Videographie setzt die pädagogische Erfahrung, genauer gesagt die leibliche, intersubjektive, vor-sprachliche, vor-reflexive, vor-prädikative Aufmerksamkeitserfahrung der Lernenden und Lehrenden in den Mittelpunkt. Außerdem bietet diese Arbeit in Anlehnung an die Theorien der Aufmerksamkeit von Waldenfels und Meyer-Drawe eine phänomenologische Theorie der Aufmerksamkeit, die sich historisch orientiert, mit unterschiedlichen Diskursen auseinandersetzt und diese pädagogisch konkretisiert. Diese Theorie geht über die kognitive Perspektive heraus und bezeichnet Aufmerksamkeit als ein Zwischengeschehen, das weder eindeutig auf das Subjekt noch eindeutig auf das Objekt zurückgeführt. Nicht zuletzt liefert die Arbeit noch eine interkulturelle Perspektive auf chinesischen und deutschen Schulunterricht, mit der Aufmerksamkeit interkulturell beschrieben und in unterschiedlichen Praxen verglichen werden. / In sociological, philosophical, cultural studies, and educational research, the topic of attention has received a great deal of interest and attention in recent decades, which is reflected in an increasing number of empirical studies, especially in the school classroom. however, with pedagogical-phenomenological videography, which focuses on the pedagogical experience, more precisely on the bodily, intersubjective, pre-linguistic, pre-reflexive, pre-predicative attentional experience of the students and teachers, this dissertation goes beyond an empirical videographic study of attention. It also offers a reflection on how attention as a not directly visible pedagogical experience and practice as well as a pedagogical phenomenon can be methodologically appropriately described, tentatively approached and made accessible, productively interpreted and analyzed. Furthermore, following the attention theories of Waldenfels and Meyer-Drawe, this thesis offers a phenomenological theory of attention that is historically oriented, engages with different discourses, and concretizes them pedagogically. According to this theory, this paper will go beyond the cognitive conception of attention and consider attention as an 'in-between event' that cannot be unambiguously attributed to neither the subject nor the object. Last but not least, the paper provides an intercultural perspective on school teaching in China and Germany. With this perspective, attention is described interculturally and compared in different practices.

Introduction & Background: Unhealthy diets and non-communicable diseases such as obesity are on the rise on a national and global scale, and there is an urgent need to initiate interventions. However, research suggests there is a lack of effective initiatives from major processed food manufacturers, which are a major contributor to the cause of these health issues. Thus, this study seeks to examine the role that food manufacturers have in contributing to the obesity epidemic and the strategies that they use to navigate around health policies. Purpose Statement Question: Is there evidence of a primary role that processed food manufacturers play in enabling the obesity rates nationally and worldwide through market strategies? Literature Review: A wide variety of databases within public health and medicine, such as PubMed, World Health Organization, and National Institutes of Health, were searched using keywords like “Big Food and obesity,” “marketing and obesity,” and “relationship between obesity and food corporations”. Studies that discussed the impact food manufacturers had on obesity and other non-communicable diseases or strategies that they used were selected. Findings: The different research studies analyzed provided evidence that processed food manufacturers, also known as “Big Food," play a significant role in contributing to public health issues, especially non-communicable diseases like obesity. The food industry uses old and new techniques to solidify its influence nationally while gaining power through global means and evading public policy restrictions Conclusions: There is a need for further research to identify these market strategies and effectively dismantle them.

Eklund, Louise (2020). Hur ska vi göra nu då? - En studie om åtgärdsprogram för elever med grav språkstörning i specialskolan. Speciallärarprogrammet grav språkstörning, Institutionen för skolutveckling och ledarskap, Lärande och samhälle, Malmö universitet, 90 hp. Syfte: Enligt tidigare forskning har elever med grav språkstörning svårare än jämnåriga att nå skolframgång. Detta kan förklaras av diskrepansen mellan de stora variationerna av språksvårigheter som elever med språkstörning upplever, och de specifika språkförmågor läroplanen ställer krav på. Den här studien avser därför att undersöka hur behov och åtgärder beskrivs och relaterar till varandra såväl som till aktuell forskning kring målgruppen. Förväntat kunskapsbidrag: Genom att öka insikten om hur behov, åtgärder och elever beskrivs i åtgärdsprogram för elever med grav språkstörning i specialskolan kan denna studie bidra med en ökad medvetenhet i utarbetandet och formuleringarna av framtida åtgärdsprogram. Metod: Totalt fyrtiotvå åtgärdsprogram för elever med grav språkstörning samlades in från en specialskola med inriktning mot målgruppen. Kvalitativ textanalys användes för att bearbeta insamlade data och identifiera trender. Empirin analyserades utifrån specialpedagogiska perspektiv och Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsekologiska systemteori som teoretiskt ramverk. Resultat: Resultaten visar att beskrivningar av behov och åtgärder i åtgärdsprogram för elever med språkstörning generellt saknar tydlighet och endast delvis innehåller en tydlig koppling mellan behoven och åtgärderna såväl som mellan åtgärderna och aktuell forskning. Slutsatser och implikationer: Det föreligger ett stort behov inom specialskolan att fortsätta utveckla hur man i åtgärdsprogram beskriver behov och åtgärder för målgruppen, såväl som hur man tydliggör kopplingen mellan åtgärder och aktuell forskning. Risken med att inte ha tydligt beskrivna behov och åtgärder grundade i aktuell forskning är att elever löper risk att inte få sina behov tillgodosedda och därmed också löper en ökad risk att inte få tillgång till den utbildning som de har rätt till. / Eklund, Louise (2020). So what’s the plan? - A study of IEP’s for pupils with SLI within the special schools. Department of School Development and Leadership (SOL), Malmö University, 90 hp. Purpose: Pupils with SLI have a harder time than their peers in reaching academic achievement according to current research, which can be explained by the discrepancies between the diverse language difficulties that children with SLI experience and the specific linguistic skills required by the curriculum. Therefore, this paper aims to examine how needs and interventions are described and correlate to each other as well as to current research regarding pupils with SLI. Contribution to knowledge: By increasing the insight into how needs, interventions and pupils are described in IEP’s for children with language impairment in special schools, this study can contribute to a more conscious approach regarding the phrasing and establishing of IEP’s. Method: A total of forty-two IEP’s for children with SLI were collected from a special school for the target group. Qualitative content analysis was used to process the data and determine trends which were then analyzed using special educational perspectives and Bronfenbrenners ecological systems theory as a framework. Results: Results show that descriptions of needs and interventions in IEP’s for pupils with SLI are generally not clearly defined and only partly contain a clear connection between needs and interventions as well as interventions and current research. Conclusions and implications: There is a dire need within the special school to further improve on how needs and interventions are described for the target group in IEP’s as well as clarify the interventions connection to current research in the field. The risk that follows with needs and interventions that aren’t clearly defined and anchored in current research, is that the pupils are put at risk of not having their needs met and thereby also an enhanced risk that the pupils won’t receive access to the education that they are entitled to.

Obesity is a chronic disease that is caused by a number of factors such as diet, genetics, physical inactivity, and poor dietary habits. This research focused on how income affects obesity among a target population in the African American community in Durham, North Carolina (NC). It has been noted that chronic diseases that are diet-related, for example, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol, affect African Americans disproportionately, especially those who earn low income. Some studies have also reported that those who make higher income have higher rates of obesity. This inconsistency and gap in the literature prompted research on this topic. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the relationship between family income and obesity among African Americans. The study sought to address the key factors that contribute to low family income among African Americans in Durham, NC and the ways in those key factors contribute to obesity among African Americans in Durham, NC. This study implored a qualitative approach by using an individual interview method to glean the lived experiences of participants in Durham, NC. Thirty participants were interviewed and themes from the interviews were analyzed. The health belief model was chosen as the theoretical framework for this study to understand the data and explain beliefs, attitudes, and health behaviors. Key results indicated that low family income contributes to obesity. The study contributes to social change by recommending that policy makers advocate for an increase in national minimum wage, encourage educational approaches to prevent obesity, promote good eating habits, and promote adequate physical activity among African Americans.