Made available in DSpace on 2011-03-23T21:19:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Item created via OAI harvest from source: http://www.bdtd.ufpa.br/tde_oai/oai2.php on 2011-03-23T21:19:14Z (GMT). Item's OAI Record identifier: oai:bdtd.ufpa.br:66 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Learning psychology was characterized by the debate of if learning is a gradual or a sudden process. While associassionists defended the first proposal, gestaltist stated the existence of abrupt learning situations. Among the main authors to defend this possibility was Wolfgang Köhler. This author work has been pointed out as evidence of learning as a sudden process. Although these works are relevant for showing the existence of situations when sudden learning occurs, it has been questioned frequently about his conclusions about why this kind of behavior phenomena occurs. Among many of the criticism made, the most debated one is the lack of history control of his experimental subjects, nevertheless the disregard of the role of that history over data obtained. Studies that investigated this role (Epstein et al., 1984 and Epstein & Medalie 1983, 1985) show that the typical insight response could be the result of previously learned repertoire combined. Epsteins works were important in showing that insight would be the combination of repertoires in appropriated situations through a process known as Functional Generalization. The present study aims to investigate if Functional Generalization is really responsible for repertoires interconexion that results into task resolution in a considered sudden way. To achieve that, Epsteins experiments were replicated, using rats as subjects. The results show that Functional Generalization seems to be a necessary requirement, but not enough to sudden problem resolution in a way considered as insight. / A psicologia da aprendizagem foi marcada pelo debate sobre se a aprendizagem seria um processo gradual ou súbito. Enquanto os associacionistas defendiam a primeira proposta, os gestaltistas afirmavam a existência de situações de aprendizagem abruptas. Dentre os principais autores a defenderem esta possibilidade estava Wolfgang Köhler. Os trabalhos deste autor têm sido apontados como evidência de que a aprendizagem seria um processo súbito. Apesar da relevância destes trabalhos em demonstrar a existência de situações em que uma forma súbita de aprendizagem ocorra, muito se tem questionado sobre as conclusões apresentadas por ele para o porquê da ocorrência deste tipo de fenômeno comportamental. Dentre as muitas críticas feitas, a que tem recebido mais atenção refere-se à ausência de controle da história dos seus sujeitos experimentais, bem como à desconsideração do papel que esta história teria nos resultados encontrados. Estudos que investigaram este papel (Epstein et al., 1984 e Epstein & Medalie 1983, 1985) demonstraram que a resposta típica de insight podia ser o resultado da junção de repertórios aprendidos previamente. Os trabalhos de Epstein foram importantes em demonstrar que o insight seria uma junção de repertórios que se combinam em situações apropriadas pelo possível envolvimento de um processo conhecido como Generalização Funcional. O presente trabalho se propôs a investigar se a Generalização Funcional era realmente responsável pela interconexão dos repertórios que culminariam na resolução da tarefa de um modo considerado como súbito. Para tal foi feita uma replicação dos experimentos de Epstein, utilizando-se ratos como sujeitos. Os resultados mostraram que a Generalização Funcional parece ser um requisito necessário, mas não suficiente para a resolução súbita de problemas, de um modo considerado como insight".

O trabalho reflete acerca dos critérios referentes à avaliação psiquiátrica nas internações e tratamento involuntários. A restrição da liberdade é infração aos direitos do homem e, se ela é justificada em nome da patologia mental, qualificá-la é um imperativo legal e ético. Historicamente, a internação crônica em hospitais psiquiátricos levou à exclusão social e rompimento dos laços significativos da vida pessoal. Nos serviços de emergência ela é muitas vezes determinada em nome de um risco. Assim, é proposta uma análise crítica (à semelhança da desconstrução de Derrida e da genealogia de Foucault) do saber médico-psiquiátrico, que é ferramenta essencial do trabalho clínico. Um panorama dos arranjos dos dispositivos públicos de regulação das internações psiquiátricas involuntárias no ocidente mostra a inter-relação de um modelo médico com um modelo legalista (focado nos direitos dos pacientes), cada qual com seus ganhos e dificuldades. A medicalização da vida humana é um fenômeno do mundo moderno, e é vista como um processo dinâmico, onde a apropriação das categorias médicas por parte dos usuários e familiares também gera empoderamento e mudanças. Vemos como, historicamente, o viés moral da práxis realizada no hospital psiquiátrico é indissociável da construção do saber, e a psicopatologia oficial é de uma nosologia descritiva; mas o trabalho clínico permite outras psicopatologias, mais participativas, centradas na relação do sujeito com o mundo, que possam servir a ele como instrumentos de compreensão e ajuda na experiência vivida. Assim, a categoria da vontade em psicopatologia clássica adota a perspectiva aristotélica de uma deliberação racional, mas a leitura filosófica de Arendt destaca a centralidade da liberdade e da espontaneidade inerentes ao conceito. Esta dicotomia entre vontade livre e determinação traz repercussões para a clínica e para a justiça, como nos casos da avaliação da responsabilidade dos pacientes sobre seus atos. Neste campo, assim como na avaliação do juízo crítico, a ciência não garante a objetividade totalizante, deixando sempre a decisão sobre a internação psiquiátrica involuntária na dependência do político, da moral e da ética que constituem a clínica. / This work is a reflection on the criteria used in psychiatric practice to justify involuntary detention and treatment. The restriction of freedom is an infringement of human rights, and if it is to be justified on the grounds of mental pathology, it must be legally and ethically qualified. Historically, long term internment of people in psychiatric institutions led to social exclusion and the rupture of importante social and personhood ties. Emergency hospitalization is often justified on the grounds of risk. Hence, a critical analysis is offered (along the lines of Derridas deconstruction and Foucaults genealogy), of our current medical-psychiatric understanding, which is the foundation of all clinical work. An overview of the many arrangements for psychiatric involuntary detention on a variety of Western countries demonstrates an interplay between medical and legal (rights based) models. These arrangements all come with benefits and challenges. The medicalization of human life is a modern, world-wide phenomenon, and is viewed as a dynamics process where the appropriation of medical categories by users and their families also produces empowerment and change. We see how, historically, moral bias of practice performed at psychiatric hospitals is inseparable to knowledge construction, and oficial psychopathology is a descriptive nosology, but clinical practice allows other psychopathologies, more participative ones, centered on the relations between the subject and the world, which may help him to understand and survive life experiences. Thus classical pathology adopts a rational aristotelian approach to understanding the concept of Will, while the philosophical view of Arendt emphasizes the centrality of freedom and spontaneity. The inherent dichotomy between free Will and determinism leads to clinical and legal repercussions, in the case of assessing a patients level of responsibility for his actions. In this field, as in the evaluation of a patients level of insight, science does not warrant total objectivity. Hence the decisions about psychiatric involuntary detention will always depend on the basis of the complex interplay between politics, morality and ethics, basis of all clinical work.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-05-08T13:17:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitoDiferentesHistorias.pdf: 7333291 bytes, checksum: a402059d16ed7d4ce8ad339045513968 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-03T12:40:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitoDiferentesHistorias.pdf: 7333291 bytes, checksum: a402059d16ed7d4ce8ad339045513968 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-03T12:40:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitoDiferentesHistorias.pdf: 7333291 bytes, checksum: a402059d16ed7d4ce8ad339045513968 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / FAPESPA - Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas / A origem de comportamentos criativos é em grande medida pouco conhecida cientificamente. Aparentemente, trata-se de um fenômeno multifacetado que comporta muitos processos distintos. Um desses processos seria a resolução de problemas conhecida como “insight”. Tal processo pode ser explicado como resultado de uma interconexão espontânea de repertórios comportamentais previamente aprendidos. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo produzir diferentes desempenhos de “insight”, em macacos-prego (Cebus spp.) dando-lhes diferentes histórias de treino. Em especial, pretendeu-se testar o papel da quantidade de treino de cada repertório pré-requisito. Seis sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos de três sujeitos cada. As habilidades pré-requisitos para a resolução da tarefa foram: 1) juntar objetos (“encaixar”); e, 2) puxar uma caixa contendo alimento usando uma vareta (“pescar”). Todos os sujeitos passaram pelo treino das duas habilidades, sendo que um grupo (GS) passou por um treino simétrico (mesma quantidade de sessões) entre as duas habilidades, com critérios de aprendizagem elevados para ambas. O outro grupo (GA) passou por um treino assimétrico, no qual uma habilidade, a de encaixe, foi treinada em poucas sessões e com um baixo critério de aprendizagem. Neste grupo a habilidade de pescar teve um treino extenso, com um número de sessões de treino pelo menos duas vezes maior do que o treino da habilidade de encaixe, e um critério elevado de aprendizagem. Ao final, todos os sujeitos foram colocados frente a uma situação problema: uma caixa contendo comida fora de seu alcance, e duas ferramentas disponíveis, das quais nenhuma sozinha alcançava a caixa. Nesta situação a solução dependia da recombinação dos dois repertórios ensinados separadamente, encaixar e pescar. Apenas o terceiro participante do grupo assimétrico não resolveu a tarefa. Todos os demais participantes resolveram a tarefa consistentemente, apresentando topografias de resolução do problema de acordo com o seu treino, apontando que variáveis de quantidade de treino influenciam na forma e eficácia da resolução da tarefa. / The origin of novel behavior is a multilayered phenomenon that comprehends several distinct processes. One of these processes is known as insightful problem solving. The "insight" could be explained as a result of a spontaneous interconnection of multiple previously learned behavioral repertoires. The objective of this study was to investigate if different performances of insightful problem solving could be produced by different training histories of behavioral prerequisites in Cebus spp. Six subjects were divided in two groups of three subjects each. The prerequisite repertoires taught were: 1) to join two different objects (joining), and; 2) to rake a box with food inside using a tool (raking). The subjects of the first group had an asymmetric training of the two prerequisite repertoires. In this group the joining ability had a short training with a low learning criterion, and an extensive training of the raking ability, with a high learning criterion. The subjects of this group had to obtain more than the double of the number of training sessions for raking, in comparison with the joining repertoire. The other group passed by a symmetric training of the two repertoires, with high learning criterions for both. The subjects of this group passed by the same number of training sessions of joining and raking. In the test situation, a two joinable pieces tool never before handled by the subjects were presented, with a box with food out of range that could only be reached with the joined tool. Most of the subjects successfully solved the final task, with consistent results depending on the type of training. Only one subject of the asymmetric group didn’t solve the task. The topographies of solving were highly dependable on the quantity of training of one repertoire in comparison to another.

在現在競爭激烈的企業環境中，企業從過往以製造與低成本為競爭優勢的供應鏈管理，逐漸轉型為以顧客需求為核心之需求鏈管理，強調企業發展之策略重點需能符合顧客需求的趨勢。顧客心聲，是了解顧客需求的重要資訊。 企業客戶服務中心，能夠協助企業將顧客心聲中粹取出重要的顧客意見回饋，透過資訊轉化，傳達至企業內部功能單位，成為企業內部決策與管理改善之重要依據，讓顧客意見能夠參與企業的決策過程。本研究主要探討之內容為企業客戶服務中心之四大營運模式，包含「客戶服務中心」、「客戶關懷中心」、「行銷媒體回應中心」與「電話行銷中心」，分別收集的顧客心聲影響企業八大價值活動的深度與強度；企業八大價值活動包含「品牌認同」、「產品研發」、「製程與品管」、「行銷活動」、「通路管理」、「服務流程」、「營業收入」與「顧客經驗」。 本研究透過實務界三個研究個案的實證分析與歸納，有以下之研究發現： 一、 透過客服中心的四種營運模式，企業具體蒐集顧客心聲，轉化為對顧客需求之了解，進而針對消費者需求提供適合的產品或服務。 二、 透過客服中心所收集顧客心聲(Voice of Customer)，經過內部資訊傳遞，可驅動企業主要八大價值活動「品牌認同」、「產品研發」、「製程與品管」、「行銷活動」、「通路管理」、「服務流程」、「營業收入」、「顧客經驗」。 三、 本研究推論當企業可採取不同的客服中心營運模式以協助企業達到不同的策略目標。 本研究之結論如下： 一、 企業客服中心，可以收集重要顧客資訊，並透過跨部門之資訊交流與管理，轉化為重要策略之參考依據，影響企業需求鏈管理的八大價值活動。 二、 企業客服中心可以協助企業驅動需求鏈管理之「了解顧客需求」(Understand Demand)、「管理顧客需求」(Manage Demand)與「創造顧客需求」(Create Demand)。 / In the more and more eager competition business environment, enterprises’s competences are transformed from supply-chain management to demand chain management. Customer-oriented is an important policy and reference for enterprises to determine development strategy. Customer contact center could collect most customer data and information which could facilitate company extract important customer insight and opinions from them. There are four operation models of customer service center, which includes”Customer service center”、”Customer care center ”、”Marketing response center”、”Telemarketing Center”. The objective of the research is want to find out how the customer insight collected from these four operation center interactive the eight major company value activities. The research is analyzed and investigated through 3 real cases, and we have the research finding as following, I. Through four models of customer contact center, enterprises could collect customer insight and transform them into the understanding of customer demand and modify the business strategy accordingly. II. The voice of customer collected from customer contact center could facilitate the eight major company value activities. III. The finding of the research inferred that the four models of customer contact center could help enterprises achieve different strategic objectives accordingly. Key word：Call Center、Demand Chain Management、Customer Insight、Customer Service

No description available.

本研究旨在探討獎賞、成就目標取向與情緒與大學生頓悟性問題表現之關係，以及這些變項對大學生頓悟性問題的影響。本研究以台北地區的154位大學生為研究對象，其中男性有35位，女性有119位。研究工具包含創造性頓悟問題測驗、目標導向量表、以及三維情緒量表。本研究採單因子共變數分析與二因子共變數分析方式進行資料分析，研究發現陳述如下： 一、大學生之頓悟性問題解決表現在不同獎賞類型下沒有差異。 二、大學生之頓悟性問題解決表現在不同獎賞類型與四種成就目標取向交互作用 下沒有差異。 三、大學生之頓悟性問題解決表現在不同獎賞類型與八種情緒交互作用下沒有差 異。 四、四種成就目標取向與八種情緒對大學生之頓悟性問題解決表現有複雜的交互 作用效果；在成就目標取向與正向情緒交互作用下，頓悟性問題並無差異，但 在成就目標取向與負向情緒交互作用下，當負向情緒程度較低時，有較佳的頓 悟性問題表現。 / The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among rewards, achievement goals, and emotions in insight problem solving performances of college students. The participants in this study were 154 college students from Taipei area. Among the participants, 35 were males and 119 were females. Moreover, the employed instruments included Creative Insight Problem Test, The multiple Goals Scale, and The Inventory of Three-dimention Emotions. The collected data was analyzed by one-way ANCOVA and two-way ANCOVA. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. Reward types did not have effects on college students’ insight problems performances. 2. The interactions of reward types and achievement goals did not have effects on college students’ insight problems performances. 3. The interactions of reward types and emotions did not have effects on college students’s insight problem performances. 4. The interactions of achievement goals and emotionshad complex effects on college students’ insight problem performances. Specifically, the interactions of achievement goals and positive eomotoions did not have effects on college students’ insight problem solving performances. On the contray, the interactions of achievement goals and negative eomotoions had effects on college students’ insight problem solving performances; those who with a low-degree of negative emotions had better insight problem solving performances than their counterparts.

近數十年來，服務經濟蓬勃發展，使得服務設計在各個產業中嶄露頭角，也帶動了製造型企業進行轉型的浪潮。要設計一個令使用者滿意的服務需要對使用者深入的了解。然而，要從使用者身上得到洞見(insights)必須倚賴服務設計師的經驗及能力，對於經驗較少的設計師以及產品導向思維的企業是相當困難的。過去雖然已有許多探討設計師能力的研究，但對於如何以資訊系統輔助服務設計的過程仍鮮少有研究。本研究首先建構服務設計師在做洞見發現(insight discovery)時，會如何操作他們的認知模型(mental imagery)來讓資料變成有意義的資訊，接著提出一個以 ConceptNet 為知識庫的資訊系統 - Discover+ 來輔助這個過程。另外，我們也提出了洞見深度地圖(Insight Depth Map)，作為衡量洞見影響力的模型。期望本研究能對於服務設計及設計管理的領域有所貢獻，也希望能幫助所有的服務設計師。 / Service economy has been under the spotlight during past decades as well as design thinking has been widely promoted in recent years. Developing a desirable service needs in-depth understanding to customers. However, in the past, discovering insights from customers usually depends on designers’ experiences. It’s hard to do it well for novice designers as well as enterprises with G-D logic mindsets. Although some researches have been done on designers’ ability, little information is available on information technology facilitating the service design process. In this research, we propose an IT artifact with the commonsense knowledge in ConceptNet to facilitate the insight discovery process. We also propose a concept of insight depth which can be a measurement of the influential extent of insights. This research is believed to shed light on both the management and design field for services. We expect this can help no matter who are designing services.

Objective: To study awareness of cognitive dysfunction in patients with very mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A complaint interview covering 13 cognitive domains was administered to 82 AD and 79 MCI patients and their caregivers. The patient groups were comparable according to age and education, and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were ≥24 in all cases. The discrepancy between the patients’ and caregivers’ estimations of impairments was taken as a measure of anosognosia. Results: Self-reports of cognitive difficulties were comparable for AD and MCI patients. However, while in comparison to caregivers MCI patients reported significantly more cognitive impairment (p < 0.05), AD patients complained significantly less cognitive dysfunctions (p < 0.001). Conclusions: While most MCI patients tend to overestimate cognitive deficits when compared to their caregiver’s assessment, AD patients in early stages of disease underestimate cognitive dysfunctions. Anosognosia can thus be regarded as a characteristic symptom at a stage of very mild AD (MMSE ≥24) but not MCI. Accordingly, medical history even in mildly affected patients should always include information from both patient and caregiver. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

提供以顧客為導向的服務、提升顧客價值成為各企業經營策略的出發點，因此了解顧客特徵、需求、行為成為首要任務。 隨著經濟發展，台灣整體用電需求不斷攀升，同時電力產業亦須面對全球燃料價格上漲的現況，政府邁向低碳經濟時代，推出一系列相關政策，於我國電力結構中占有重要地位的台灣電力公司也開始思考如何在需求及成本皆提升的環境下，繼續維持穩定供電，提供以用戶為導向的服務。 本文即以台電公司為個案，以資料倉儲與資料採礦技術進行【用戶區隔】了解台電用戶特徵、【選擇目標用戶】找出優先服務的用戶對象及【產品定位】推薦適合目標用戶用電特徵之電價及優惠方案，實現行銷活動STP分析過程之研究。 / Providing customer-oriented services and elevating customer value have became the starting point of business strategy. Therefore, understanding customer characteristics, requirements, and behavior has become the primary task. As the overall demand for electricity rises constantly in Taiwan along with economic development, electric power industries have to face the surging fuel prices. To put low carbon economy into practice, the government has launched various policies. Taiwan Power Company, which plays an important role in the electric power structure in Taiwan, started thinking about how to provide stable power and customer-oriented services under the circumstances both demand and cost increase. Based on the case of Taiwan Power Company, this research investigated customer segmentation - to understand customer characteristic, customer targeting - to find out the prior customer, and product positioning - to recommend target customer appropriate tariff and preferential tariff treatment through data warehouse and data mining technology. The purpose of the research was to achieve STP analysis in marketing process.

Previous research has shown that cognitive deficits arising from neurological impairment can impact on driving performance. The diverse nature of cognitive, perceptual and behavioural impairments experienced by drivers with neurological impairment and the resulting impact on driving ability has been the subject of extensive research involving the use of psychometric off-road measures, road safety statistics, actual on-road driving assessments and self-report. This research has shown that some drivers can compensate for limitations in their driving skills but this is dependent upon realistic self-appraisal of driving abilities. Few studies have investigated the role of self-awareness of driving abilities on on-road driving performance in persons with neurological impairment. Aims: To investigate the relationship between self-awareness of driving related abilities in neurologically impaired drivers and on-road driving performance. Participants: Retrospective data were collated on 79 participants who were referred for Occupational Therapy driving assessment, comprising 24 with Closed Head Injury (CHI) (mean age 24.67 + 5.57 yrs), 30 with Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) (mean age 61.00 + 9.08 yrs) and 25 with 'Other' diagnosis (mean age 50.64 + 21.14 yrs). All participants held a current driver's licence or learner's permit Results: Five predictor variables were significantly associated with the on-road driving assessment outcome including three demographic variables:- diagnosis (2(2)= 7.69, p = 0.021), time since injury/illness onset (2(2)= 6.40, p = 0.041), and mileage (2(2)= 5.84, p = 0.05); and two self-awareness variables:- reaction time (2(2)= 8.04, p = 0.018), and impulse control (2(2)= 13.47, p = 0.001). Logistic regression yielded a final best model containing two predictor variables (2(4) = 20.81, p = 0.000), including diagnosis (p = 0.02) and self-awareness of impulse control (p = 0.01). Discussion and Conclusion: Participants who over-estimated their driving abilities were more likely to fail a driving assessment or require driving rehabilitation than participants who under-estimated or accurately predicted their performance and participants with a diagnosis of CVA were more likely to fail or require driving rehabilitation than those with a CHI or 'Other' diagnosis.