L'objet de notre recherche est une enquête sur la dimension psychocorporelle des nouvelles interactions sociales multiculturelles. Pour cette enquête nous faisons référence au répertoire conceptuel de la psychomotricité et en particulier aux concepts de schéma corporel, de l'image du corps, de dialogue tonique et de cadre thérapeutique. La psychomotricité est adoptée comme point de référence privilégié car la motricité, le corps et la relation sont des objets d'intervention propres à cette discipline. A partir d'une méthodologie qualitative, notre analyse mêle l'élaboration théorique avec des analyses empiriques conduites sur le terrain articulant des interviews, des observations vidéo et des tests de psychomotricité. Les résultats obtenus, soulignent que la psychomotricité n'est pas suffisante pour répondre aux besoins de soin des sujets appartenant à d'autres cultures et mettent en évidence la nécessité d'une refondation épistémologique interculturelle de la psychomotricité en tant que pratique d'éducation et de thérapie à médiation corporelle.

The project of this thesis is to illuminate the teacher perspective on study visits by examining how six religion teachers relate to the study visit method in high school religious education. The research object of the thesis is to investigate whether teachers believe there are viable didactic possibilities and challenges associated with the study visit concept in education, and to define them if present. The results show that the main didactic advantage, as perceived by the teachers participating in this study, lies in the meeting the study visit enables. A meeting may lead to increased insight and understanding of other people’s way of thinking, conceiving and believing. It may result in improved understanding of religiosity in general and religious identity in particular. The teachers also acknowledged that impressions and activities of a study visit may be remembered longer, as such learning methods incorporate our senses more integrally, allowing us to remember them better. The study visit is an experience the students may find useful long after graduation. One didactic challenge teachers identified is that of time and commitment investment for the individual teacher. All participants agreed that a clearly defined aim is imperative to a successful study visit, emphasizing the importance of conducting preparatory work before and after the event. The teachers also identified a didactic challenge regarding representativity. One side of the problem regarded the selection, what religions would be included in the study visits program? It was also a matter of deciding who would be representing an entire religion. The didactic challenge presented by representativity has been prioritized and is linked to theories on sociocultural perspectives on learning and intercultural pedagogy. Viewing teaching methods in a sociocultural perspective, one can conclude that students are absorbing knowledge by making study visits. The difficulty for the teacher lies in identifying what they are learning. Adopting intercultural pedagogy could circumvent this. Students are then equipped with an intercultural awareness. They will have the tools to interpret this meeting in a meaningful way, recognizing the qualities and benefits of a multicultural society. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa ett lärarperspektiv på studiebesök genom att undersöka hur sex religionslärare förhåller sig till metoden studiebesök i religionskunskap på gymnasiet. Uppsatsens forskningsfrågor är huruvida lärarna anser att det finns några religionsdidaktiska möjligheter och utmaningar med att använda sig av studiebesök och i sådana fall vilka. Resultatet visar att de didaktiska möjligheterna lärarna ser är framför allt mötet som ett studiebesök kan generera. Mötet kan ge eleverna insikter och förståelse för andra människors sätt att tänka, tycka och tro samt ge förståelse för människors religiösa identitet och religiositet överlag. Lärarna ser också en möjlighet i att ett studiebesök kan leva kvar längre eftersom de aktiverar fler sinnen och på så sätt enklare fastnar i minnet. Studiebesöket blir då en erfarenhet som eleverna kommer att bära med sig ut i samhället efter examen. En didaktisk utmaning som lärarna beskriver är att det krävs både tid och engagemang för läraren. För att ett studiebesök ska bli lyckat anser alla att det är viktigt att ha ett tydligt syfte med studiebesöket och betonar vikten av både för- och efterarbete. Lärarna såg också en didaktisk utmaning vad gällde representativitet. Problemet handlade dels om urval, alltså vilka religioner och livsåskådningar som skulle få utrymme i studiebesök och vilka som uteblev. Det handlade också om vem som skulle få representera en hel religion. Den didaktiska utmaningen som representativitet innebär har i uppsatsen fått ett särskilt utrymme och kopplats till teorin om sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande och interkulturell pedagogik. Genom ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande kan man konstatera att eleverna lär sig något genom ett studiebesök, svårigheterna för lärarna är att veta vad eleverna lär sig. Att använda interkulturell pedagogik skulle kunna vara ett sätt att hantera denna problematik. Eleverna utrustas då med en interkulturell medvetenhet och får på så sätt redskap för att kunna tolka detta möte på ett mer meningsfullt sätt och därmed se kvalitéerna i ett mångkulturellt samhälle.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present Master Thesis in Education was developed in the line of Research: Education, Knowledge and Professional Development of Post- Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria / RS. This dissertation has as central theme Education for Youths and Adults (EJA). Having accordingly as the research problem, the following question: What are the current Freirean propositions for Youths and Adults in the context of Brazilian education? And as general objective: To investigate the contributions and the present epistemological Freirean ideas and propositions for Youths and Adults. For the development of this Master Thesis, was adopted a qualitative methodological approach, using the literature type research. Regarding the theoretical framework, it consists basically of Paulo Freire (1980, 1992, 2002, 2005) in dialogue with other interlocutors such as: Arroyo (2000), Barcelos (2005, 2006, 2010), Fleuri (2001, 2003, 2007), Henz (2002, 2006, 2010), Souza (2002), among others. Initially the research was carried out a mapping of the historical setting of Youths and Adults, with reference to historical and epistemological proposal adult literacy designed by Paulo Freire (1921-1997). At this stage, it was realized that Freire has brought and still brings many contributions to adult education, one is its proposal for adult literacy. Well, this differs from the proposals that we and / or have, which only the proposed encoding / decoding of reading and writing, detached from reality, culture and needs of the literacy. And that is why, secondly, an approach was made through a parallel between this proposal and Freirean adult education as it presents itself in the current Brazilian educational scenario. Thus, seeking to demonstrate the relevance of the contributions of Paulo Freire for that modality. In addition, approaches were made between the proposed Freirean and intercultural education perspective, seeking to identify the contributions of both to teacher training of adult education today. The relevance of this research is currently focused on the contributions of Paulo Freire to EJA, which provoke the educators to (re)create, (re)invent, (re)discover ways to (re)educate our youths and adults. / A presente Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação foi desenvolvida na linha de Pesquisa: Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/RS. Esta dissertação tem como temática central a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Tendo nesse sentido como problema de pesquisa, a seguinte questão: Qual a atualidade das proposições Freireanas para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos no contexto da educação brasileira? E como objetivo geral: Investigar quais as contribuições e a atualidade das ideias e proposições epistemológicas Freireanas para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Para o desenvolvimento desta Dissertação de Mestrado, adotou-se uma abordagem metodológica de cunho qualitativo, utilizando a pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica. Quanto ao referencial teórico utilizado, o mesmo é constituido basicamente por Paulo Freire (1980, 1992, 2002, 2005) em diálogo com outros interlocutores como: Arroyo (2000), Barcelos (2005, 2006, 2010), Fleuri (2001, 2003, 2007), Henz (2002, 2006, 2010), Souza (2002), entre outros. Inicialmente na pesquisa realizou-se um mapeamento do cenário histórico da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, tendo como referência histórica e epistemológica a proposta de alfabetização de adultos idealizada por Paulo Freire (1921-1997). Nesta fase, percebeu-se que Freire trouxe, e ainda traz, muitas contribuições para a EJA, uma delas é sua proposta de alfabetização de adultos. Pois, esta se diferencia das propostas que tivemos e/ou temos, as quais propunham unicamente a codificação/decodificação da leitura e da escrita, desvinculada da realidade, da cultura e das necessidades dos(as) alfabetizandos(as). E, é por essa razão que, num segundo momento, foi realizada uma aproximação, por meio de um paralelo, entre essa proposta Freireana e a EJA como ela se apresenta no atual cenário educacional brasileiro. Buscando assim demonstrar a atualidade das contribuições de Paulo Freire para a referida modalidade. Além disso, também foram realizadas aproximações entre a proposta Freireana e a perspectiva intercultural de educação, procurando identificar as contribuições de ambas para a formação dos professores(as) da EJA na atualidade. A relevância desta pesquisa está centrada na atualidade das contribuições de Paulo Freire para a EJA, as quais instigam o(as) educadores(as) a (re)criar, (re)inventar, (re)descobrir formas de (re)educar nossos jovens e adultos.

This research of Master s Degree in Education in the Line of Formation, Knowledge and Professional Development in PPGE of the Federal University of Santa Maria has as its goal to contribute with theoretical and epistemological subsidies for the teachers formation, seeking to broaden the conceptions and practices in Environmental Education in the school routine in an intercultural perspective of Education. This dissertation has a bibliographic character that brings a study of some ideas and propositions of Paulo Freire that may contribute to the teachers formation regard the Environmental Education particularly. Searching for a bigger theoretical and bibliographical knowledge, intercultural dialogues were established (Fleuri, 2003), between the dialogues and readings performed about education, Environmental Education and Teachers Formation. Still, it contains the investigation of some propositions present in Freire s works that may contribute to the comprehension of environmental issues in a global perspective, such as citizenship, lovingness, tolerance, popular knowledge and autonomy. The reference that guided the investigative and reflexive look of the researcher (BARCELOS, 2005) in the sense of the production of research information (JACQUES GAUTHIER, 1998), was established after dialogues that privileged the intercultural aspects (CANCLINI, 2003) with imaginaries and representations of the environmental issues, the teachers formation, (ARROYO, 2004), Paulo Freire (1994, 1997, 2001, 2008), between many other authors. In that way my path has been built, seeking to understand how some propositions, from the Freurians assumptions can contribute to the teachers formation. The relevance of this research is in the perspective of an education that values the dialogue, the communication and the autonomy, because for Paulo Freire, it s by the education that you promote the individuals transformation. Transform in the sense of the student becoming the real subject of the construction of your knowledge. / Esta pesquisa de Mestrado em Educação, na Linha de Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional, no PPGE, da UFSM tem como objetivo contribuir com subsídios teóricos e epistemológicos para a formação de professores (as), buscando ampliar as concepções e práticas em Educação Ambiental no cotidiano da escola, numa perspectiva intercultural de Educação. Esta dissertação de caráter bibliográfico traz uma investigação sobre algumas ideias e proposições de Paulo Freire que possam contribuir com a formação de professores no que diz respeito à Educação Ambiental em particular. Buscando um aprofundamento teórico-bibliográfico, foi estabelecendo-se diálogos interculturais (Fleuri, 2003), entre as interlocuções e leituras realizadas sobre educação, Educação Ambiental e formação de professores. Consta ainda da investigação de algumas proposições presentes nas obras de Freire que venham a contribuir para a compreensão das questões ambientais numa perspectiva global, tais como cidadania, amorosidade, tolerância, saberes populares e autonomia. O referencial que orientou o olhar investigativo e reflexivo do pesquisador (BARCELOS, 2005) no sentido da produção das informações de pesquisa (JACQUES GAUTHIER, 1998), foi estabelecimento através de diálogos que privilegiassem os aspectos interculturais (CANCLINI, 2003) com imaginários e representações sobre as questões ambientais, a formação de professores (ARROYO, 2004), Paulo Freire (1994, 1997, 2001, 2008) e entre diferentes autores. Assim foi se construindo o meu percurso, buscando compreender como algumas proposições, a partir dos pressupostos freireanos, podem contribuir para a formação de professores (as). A relevância desta pesquisa está na perspectiva de uma educação que valorize o diálogo, a comunicação e a autonomia, pois para Paulo Freire é através da educação que se promove a transformação do indivíduo. Transformar no sentido de que o educando se torne o verdadeiro sujeito da construção de seu conhecimento.

Dėl galimybės laisvai judėti tarp šalių, labai išaugo darbo jėgos judėjimas. Tad multikultūrinė komanda įmonėse tampa įprastu reiškiniu pastaraisiais metais. Šiame darbe nagrinėjama problematika yra susijusi su skirtingų kultūrų sandūra įmonių viduje. Analizuojamos komandinio darbo sritys, kuriose daugiakultūriškumas sukelia daugiau problemų, aptariami vadovų vaidmenys, susiję su tų problemų sprendimu. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – pateikti įmonėms darbo multikultūrėse komandose gerinimo kryptis. Darbas susideda iš trijų pagrindinių dalių: Pirmoje dalyje pristatoma mosklinė literatūra apie kultūrą įtakojančius ir jų įvairovę lemiančius veksnius, pristatomi mokslininkų siūlymai multikultūrinės komandos darbo gerinimui, pristatoma tarpkultūrinės kompetencijos samprata bei jos reikšmė multikultūrinėje komunikacijoje. Antrosios dalies pagrindinis tikslas – išanalizuoti ir įvertinti atlikto multikultūrinės komandos darbo tyrimo rezultatus, identifikuoti taisytinas vietas. Trečioje dalyje pristatomos multikultūrinės komandos darbo gerinimo programa, kuri susideda iš 4 krypčių. Tai – siūlymai kaip sumažinti kultūrinį šoką, kaip suvaldyti ir panaudoti kultūrinius narių skirtumus, pristatoma tarpkultūrinės kompetencijos plėtros programa, kur siekiama tobulinti tokias asmens charakteristikas kaip – kultūrinis supratimas, kultūrinės žinios, kultūrinis jautrumas ar reikalingi įgūdžiai. Paskutinioji kryptis, pristatoma šioje dalyje, yra – įvertinti tiek asmens, tiek įmonės socialinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Multicultural teams in the companies have become very common in recent years. With cross border mobility becoming much easier the number of people moving from one country to another has grown significantly. This paper focuces on the conflict of different culture inside the multicultural teams in the companies. This paper analyzed activity range where the majority of multicultural appears problems in the team, there are discussed the roles of managers related to the solving of those problems. The aim of the paper is to provide ways to multicultural team work development at enterpises. There are three main parts in this paper: The first chapter concentrates on the theory of culture factors, impact of different cultures, scientists advices for improvement of multicultural team work, intercultural competence conception – existing approaches and models and it’s value for multicultural communication. The main reason of the second chapter in this paper is to analyse and to evaluate the results of the multicultural team work at enterprises, to show, which characteristics do not ensure the effective intercultural communication and work in the team. In the last chapter of the paper there are present 4 ways - exhaustive programs for the improvement of multicultural team work at enterpises – advices – how to reduce cultural shock, how to manage cultural differences, intercultural competence program, which includes development of the following attributes: cultural awareness, cultural... [to full text]

Studiens syfte är att belysa förskollärares tankar och erfarenheter kring barns kulturella bakgrunder, diskriminering och eventuella samband däremellan. Frågeställningarna som studien svarar på är hur förskollärare ser på kultur och barns kulturella bakgrunder, vilket samspel de upplever krävs i mötet med barn från olika kulturella bakgrunder och hur diskriminering av barn utifrån barnets kulturella bakgrund uppfattas. Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade enskilda intervjuer. Urvalet av informanter är sex stycken förskollärare på fyra olika förskolor inom två skilda kommuner. Studiens resultat visar att förskollärarna har en antropologisk syn på kultur där de ser på kultur som något skilt och annorlunda från den svenska. Förskollärarna betonar kompetenser som utifrån Stiers (2009) teori kan förklaras med en interkulturell kompetens, vilket förskollärarna menar krävs i samspelet och mötet med barnen. Förskollärarna uppfattar att diskriminering ständigt sker i förskolan genom att barnen inte får samma möjlighet till förståelse i kommunikationen och på så vis exkluderas. Det framkom även att diskriminering kommer till uttryck i förskolan genom förskollärares val av hur kulturer synliggörs i verksamheten. Ett segregerat arbetssätt, där vissa kulturer och/eller delar av en kultur uppmärksammas, bidrar till att samspelet mellan kulturer osynliggörs. Diskrimineringsbegreppet var av förskollärarna svårdefinierat och syftade istället till en kränkande behandling.

多元文化是目前社會的主流價值，事實上，每個文化都有其優勢，在不同時代都可以有貢獻。但族群文化常在傳播過程中出現矛盾與爭議，本研究試圖從文化傳播的觀點，找出製作族群電視台節目時，應掌握的原則和精神，並以原住民電視台為例，探討不同文化間如何有效的溝通。 本論文主要是以漢文化和原民文化為主，並透過社會學、人類學和文化傳播等文獻探討進行理論上的對話；同時，也探討原民文化重要的核心價值與內涵，期盼在文化傳播時能達到最佳效果。本研究採社會科學中的質性研究法，以深度訪談與焦點團體進行資料蒐集、分析與討論。 研究發現，在文化傳播歷程中族群電視台會遭遇下列幾種困難：閱聽人期待不同、文化節目製作團隊素質要高、族語和文字保留不易、文化衝突降低傳播效果、族群捍衛文化產生防衛心；但透過幽默、靠近、善用刻板印象、建立顧問團隊和政府刻意的協助，能突破困難，讓不同文化有良性溝通；除此之外，本研究也發現，族群文化反而可以為主流文化的瓶頸找一條出路，例如原住民文化中對大自然的尊重、部落意識、樂舞教導、和自然幽默的性格，與目前的全球思維等議題有密切關聯。 最後本研究提出三點建議：建議政府籌備第二台原住民電視台、主動培訓原住民傳播人才、學術界的文化學者應積極投入族群文化節目之製作團隊。筆者相信，如此必能提升文化傳播的效益，也能使多元文化的普世價值得到彰顯。 / Multi-culture is the mainstream in nowadays. Actually, each culture has its own advantages. There are conflicts and disputes of tribal culture in the communication process. This research aims the principles and the spirits of producing tribal television programs in the point of interculture communication. Taiwan Indigenous Television is taken as the example to discuss how to communicate effectively among different cultures. This research focuses on the Han culture and aboriginal culture and studies the theory through the documents of sociology, anthropology and interculture communication. At the same time, it also studies the core values and intensions of aboriginal culture. This research, gathering, analyzing, and discussing the data by deeply-interview and focus groups interview, takes the qualitative methods of sociology. The research finds out that tribal television stations may encounter the following problems: the different expect from audience, the quality of tribal television program producing team, the keep of the provin- cial speech and words, the ineffective communication results due to conflicts between different cultures, and the defend of indigenous people for their own culture. However, the problems would be solved by the help of humor, touching, breaking stereotypes, building consulting team, and the assistance from the government. The study also finds that tribal cultures may provide the solution for mainstream culture which is under the limits by itself. The advantages of aboriginal culture are the respect of the environment, tribal recognition, the teaching of music and dance, and the humor. They all are closely related to the global issues. There are three suggestions in the research. First, the government should plan to establish the second indigenous television station. Second, We should actively train indigenous media experts. Third, the scholars in the culture academic circle should eagerly involve producing tribal television programs. It is convinced that by doing so, the culture communication would be more effective, and the society would emphasize on multi-culture value much more.

Les cultures intermédiaires délivrent des services écosystémiques de réduction de la lixiviation de nitrate et de production de l’effet engrais vert pour la culture principale suivante. L’objectif de ce travail était de caractériser un grand nombre d’espèces et d’analyser les performances de mélanges bispécifiques de type légumineuse/non-légumineuse pour produire simultanément ces services écosystémiques de gestion de l’azote. Les traits fonctionnels foliaires mesurés sur 36 espèces sont robustes mais sont peu précis pour différencier les stratégies des espèces. Les températures cardinales de germination mesurées au laboratoire indiquent que la majorité des espèces est adaptée à des conditions de semis d’été. Une modèle conceptuel implémenté en GLM permet de prédire le comportement des deux espèces en mélange. Les mesures réalisées en expérimentations au champ couplées avec des simulations avec le modèle STICS ont permis d’évaluer les performances de certains mélanges bispécifiques pour produire simultanément les services écosystémiques. L’efficacité dépend du choix des espèces associées, qui doit être adapté en fonction des conditions pédoclimatiques et de la date de destruction des couverts. / Cover crops produce ecosystem services for nitrogen management during fallow period such as decreasing nitrate leaching and producing green N manure effect for the next cash crop. The aim of this work was to characterize a large number of species using a functional analysis and to analyze the performances of bispecific legume/non-legume mixtures to simultaneously produce both ecosystem services. Leaf functional traits measured on 36 cover crops were found robust but lacked of precision in differentiating species strategies. The cardinal temperatures for germination measured in laboratory have shown that the majority of species is adapted to summer sowing conditions. A conceptual model was designed and implemented in GLM to predict the behavior of species in mixtures. The measurements carried out in field experiments coupled with STICS model simulations confirmed the potential efficiency of some bispecific mixtures to simultaneously produce ecosystem services of nitrogen management. This efficiency depends on the choice of the two species to associate which must be adapted according to the pedoclimatic conditions as well as the date of cover crop destruction.