Text in English / This thesis is an attempt to investigate how local churches (re)define their international orientation in response to the shockwaves of globalisation and their interpretation of the signs of the times. The analysis is guided by the key dimensions of interdependence, responsibility, and partnership. The local church is expected to have reached an increasing awareness of interdependence in her international relationships by the emergence of the postmodern systemic paradigm as never before in the history of the ecumenical movement. Consequently, this results in a sense of responsibility developing directly from a prophetic reading and an interpretation of the signs of the times as well as in a receptivity to be fertilised by international impulses. The local church is perceived by both individual Christians and pastors as direct platform for international responsibility. The wounds of the world, the needy and the suffering are suggested as inviting primary responses of local churches in the North. International church partnerships are investigated as practical attempts to live out interdependent relationships, to translate the sense of responsibility into action, and to receive fertilisation from the partner churches. Qualitative case studies from Reformed, United (Lutheran/Reformed) and Free churches present a status analysis of churches regarding the points under discussion. The tendency is observed that pastors inc~easingly look for ways alternative to the old ecumenical structures, which are characterised by rich/poor and donor/recipient relationships, thus operating their churches with free initiative and association. Studies regularly narrow down topics to interdependence, postmodernism, development, development politics, church development services, international partnerships, ecumenical learning, etc. Often recommendations for action are made based on the one single area of research presented. In this study, however, it is argued that pastors and churches do not derive their decisions and programmes from considerations of one single area, but they consider all these areas together. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

The dissertation underlines an approach towards mission, where the epistemology, hermeneutical key and methodology centre around relationship. This, by tracing trends in the pastoral context, verified through research and an analysis of congregational surveys. The results were then analysed in terms of biblical revelation (the creation narratives, God's covenental relationship with Israel, Christ as the New Israel, Christ's missiological methodology and an understanding of the Holy Trinity). The resulis were then also brought into conversation with recent developments in science, recognising the interdependence of all things, and also exploring recent definitions of mission. The study then grapples with a new way of engaging in theology. This new model simultaneously promotes the symbiotic nature of theologies, while placing them within the framework of relational objectives; using dialogue as medium, Holland and Henriot's Social Analysis and quantifiable relationship goals to engender a theological process accessible to people from all contexts and backgrounds. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

傳統代理理論主張，企業可利用績效酬勞激勵員工努力工作，提昇組織績效；而競賽理論則強調，利用同儕競賽，並擴大勝負間的酬勞差距，以達企業利潤極大化目標。績效酬勞與競賽誘因對員工投入的努力皆具正面激勵效果，然而，在不同工作特性下，酬勞誘因隨著員工工作所需的合作程度不同，對組織績效的影響卻有所差異。 本文首先依據代理理論與競賽理論模型，將績效酬勞與競賽誘因同時納入酬勞誘因制度中，以利分析在不同工作特性的情況下，酬勞誘因對於營業單位經營績效之影響。在績效酬勞對經營績效之影響上，理論分析結果發現：不論對員工工作彼此獨立或對工作需合作的營業單位而言，績效酬勞的增加，都可提高經營績效；當隨機干擾因素增加，因員工獲得酬勞的不確定性增加，進而削弱員工努力的意願，降低營業單位之經營績效。在競賽誘因對組織績效的影響方面，靜態分析結果指出：在不同工作特性的情況下，競賽誘因會出現不同的效果。當員工工作彼此獨立時，擴大競賽後贏家與輸家間的酬勞差距，有利於組織績效之提高。相對的，在員工工作彼此合作的情況下，酬勞差距擴大後，一方面使員工最適個人努力提高，有益於組織經營績效；另一方面卻削弱員工彼此合作的意願，降低協助同儕的努力，兩種效果抵銷之後，使得酬勞誘因對組織經營績效之提昇受到限制。 本文以一家大型連鎖汽車公司為個案公司，研究期間為2001年至2004年，包括86個營業所及90家汽車修護廠的營業績效資料及中低階層員工之酬勞資料，以實地實證研究法進行實證研究。研究結果發現，當員工工作彼此獨立時，營業單位之個人績效酬勞愈大或收入變異程度愈小者，績效愈好；當員工工作彼此需要合作時，營業單位之團體績效酬勞愈大或收入變異程度愈小者，績效愈好。在競賽誘因方面，當員工工作彼此獨立時，不論是職務間或職務內的酬勞差距的擴大，皆對營業單位之經營績效具有正面提昇效果；相較於工作彼此獨立，當員工工作彼此需要合作時，職務間或職務內酬勞差距的擴大對營業單位績效提昇幅度顯著較小。由此可知，企業在進行酬勞誘因設計時，應同步考量工作特性與酬勞誘因機制間的配適性，俾利於組織績效的提昇。 / Agency theory suggests that organizations can motivate employees to exert their efforts by providing individual-based compensation. Tournament theory argues that, by encouraging competition among employees and increasing the compensation gaps between winners and losers, firms can direct employees’ actions in alignment with the firm’s interests. Both compensation schemes can induce employees’ efforts and increase corporate performance. However, the positive effects on corporate performance vary in the need of cooperation among employees, ranging from independent to interdependent tasks. This paper uses a theoretical and empirical analysis of performance-based and tournament-based incentives to examine the impacts of compensation incentives on branch performance. For the impacts of performance-based incentives on branch performance, the performance will increase in the individual performance-based incentives. When employees work independently, the greater the compensation gaps lead to more efforts and higher performance. When employees work interdependently, two contradictory effects of greater the compensation gaps make the performance change unclear. On the one hand, greater compensation gaps will increase employees’ efforts for being winner in the tournament. On the other hand, greater compensation gaps will induce employees not to help their competitors and hurt the performance, although help efforts can contribute firms profits. Using four years of data from a large car company with 86 car dealer branches and 90 car repair service branches, we find that for the independent tasks, the branch performance increase as individual performance-based compensation increases or revenue variance decreases. For the tasks needed cooperation among employees, the branch performance is increasing in group-based compensation or decreasing in revenue variance. Besides, we find that the larger the compensation gaps between inter- or intra-jobs, the branch performance for the independent tasks are better. The impacts of the compensation gaps on the interdependent tasks are smaller than on the independent tasks. Therefore, incentive policy rewards the best performances with the complementary fit between tasks design and compensation schemes

The main idea of current PhD thesis is the analysis of bank value and risk interdependence, and that bank value is conected with bank activity riskiness on consistent pattern and that this dependency is advisable to measure on probability basis with simulation modeling. In the work are presented systemic view of risk, risk sorts, risk management including cash flow risk management and credit risk management, bank value and valuation methodology, modeling and use in practical tasks. / Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos banko vertės ir rizikos sąveikos problemos, ginama tezė, kad banko vertė susijusi su banko veiklos rizikų portfeliu dėsningai ir kad šią priklausomybę tikslinga matuoti per tikimybės ir patikimumo prizmes imitavimo būdu. Darbe pateikiamas susistemintas požiūris į riziką, jos rūšis, rizikos valdymą išskiriant pinigų srautų rizikos valdymą bei kredito rizikos val-dymą atskirai, bei į banko vertę ir banko vertinimo metodologiją, modeliavimą, jų taikymą praktikoje.

Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos banko vertės ir rizikos sąveikos problemos, ginama tezė, kad banko vertė susijusi su banko veiklos rizikų portfeliu dėsningai ir kad šią priklausomybę tikslinga matuoti per tikimybės ir patikimumo prizmes imitavimo būdu. Darbe pateikiamas susistemintas požiūris į riziką, jos rūšis, rizikos valdymą išskiriant pinigų srautų rizikos valdymą bei kredito rizikos valdymą atskirai, bei į banko vertę ir banko vertinimo metodologiją, modeliavimą, jų taikymą praktikoje. / The main idea of current PhD thesis is the analysis of bank value and risk interdependence, and that bank value is conected with bank activity riskiness on consistent pattern and that this dependency is advisable to measure on probability basis with simulation modeling. In the work are presented systemic view of risk, risk sorts, risk management including cash flow risk management and credit risk management, bank value and valuation methodology, modeling and use in practical tasks.

À l’aube du XXe siècle, en Chine, un groupe d’intellectuels et d’auteurs se retrouve à la source d’un nouveau mouvement culturel et politique. Les sinologues les appellent les « auteurs du 4-Mai ». Ils ont pour objectif de transformer la Chine, de mettre en place une forme de modernité à l’aide de la littérature. Du rejet de la tradition confucéenne jusqu’à la diffusion des idées du communisme, ils semblent être au cœur de toutes les transformations socio-politiques qu’a connues le pays. L’époque du 4-Mai est un moment charnière dans l’histoire de la Chine. Située juste après la chute du dernier empereur Qing et juste avant la victoire du Parti Communiste Chinois, c’est une époque où la société chinoise a connu une réorganisation. Les intellectuels de cette époque ne font pas exception, une nouvelle configuration se met en place. C’est à l’aide de la sociologie de Norbert Elias que je tenterai de comprendre quelle est la configuration qui permet le développement conjoint, dans une relation d’interdépendance, de la littérature et de la politique. Une nouvelle configuration qui se construit avec les intellectuels du 4-Mai, est différente de celle que formaient les mandarins confucéens de l’époque impériale. Les divers éléments qui permettent aux auteurs du 4-Mai de passer d’une configuration à l’autre (nouveaux thèmes dans la littérature, façons d’être moderne, engagement politique) sont aussi les éléments qui influencent le monde politique, démontrant l’interdépendance des deux sphères. / At the dawn of the twentieth century, in China, a group of intellectuals and writers find themselves at the beginning of a new cultural and politic movement. Sinologists call them the “May-Fourth writers”. They have for goal to transform China, implement a form of modernity in using literature. From the rejection of Confucian tradition to the promotion of the Communist ideas, they seem to be in the middle of every social and political transformation that the country has experienced. The May Fourth era is a turning point in the history of China. It begins just after the fall of the last Qing emperor and ends just before the victory of the Chinese Communist Party, it is a time where the Chinese society was reorganized. The intellectuals were no exception, a new configuration is under construction. It is with the sociology of Norbert Elias that I will try to understand which configuration allow the development of both literature and politics in an interdependent relationship. The new configuration that characterizes the May Fourth writers is different than the one that characterize the Confucian mandarins of the Imperial age. The various elements who allow the May Fourth writers to pass to a configuration to another (new themes in literature, a way to be modern, political commitment) are also the elements that influence the political world, showing the interdependence between them.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Com base em três modelos de mobilidade MapBasedMovement, RandomWayPoint e RandomWalk presentes no simulador The One, sugerimos e discutimos vários modelos es- tocásticos para mobilidade. Primeiramente, a dinâmica das unidades móveis é reduzida a um processo chamado grafo dinâmico, de forma que a configuração espacial das unidades móveis em cada instante de tempo está resumida em um grafo. Os vértices desse grafo são unidades móveis e não mudam conforme o tempo: consideramos um sistema fechado, as unidades não desaparecem e não aparecem novas. O elo entre duas unidades (vértices) em um instante de tempo significa um contato neste instante (a distância entre as unidades é menor que um raio de contato), assim o conjunto de elos muda durante a evolução do sistema. Em seguida, modelamos a evolução do grafo dinâmico como um conjunto de pro- cessos aleatórios binários de forma que cada componente do processo está associada com um par de unidades móveis indicando presença ou ausência de contato entre elas. Três componentes principais constroem o processo: (i) distribuição de tempo de intercontato, (ii) distribuição de tempo de contato, e (iii) independência/interação entre as unidades. Nesta Tese mostramos teoricamente e através de simulações como escolher todos os três componentes para três modelos de mobilidade mencionados acima na situação de baixa densidade de unidades móveis, chamado DTNs (Delay Tolerant Networks). Considerar a modelagem da mobilidade desse ponto de vista é novo e não existe na literatura, até onde sabemos. Existe uma discussão na literatura sobre o tempo de intercontato, mas não conhecemos os resultados e discussão sobre a distribuição do tempo de contato e a interdependência de processos de contatos. / Based on three mobility models MapBasedMovement, RandomWayPoint and Ran- domWalk present on The One Simulator we suggest and discuss various stochastic mo- dels for mobility. First the dynamics of mobile units is reduced to process called dynamic graph, so that the spatial configuration of mobile units in every moment of time is sum- med up in a graph. The vertices of this graph are mobile units and do not change with the time: consider a closed system, the units dont disappear and not appear new. The link between two units (vertices) in an instant of time means a contact right now (dis- tance between the units is less that the radius contact). So the set of links changes during the system evolution. As a second step, the evolution of dynamic graph model as a set of random processes. Each process component is associated with a pair of mobile units indicating presence or absence of contact between them. Three major components build process: (i) distribution of intercontact time , (ii) distribution of contact time, and (iii) Independence interaction between units. In this work we show theoretically and by si- mulation how to choose all three components for three mobility models mentioned above on the situation of low density of mobile units, called DTNs (Delay Tolerant Networks). Consider the mobility modeling from that point of view is new and does not exist in the literature for our knowledge. There is a discussion in the literature about the intercontact time, but we dont know the results and discussion on the distribution of contact time and the interdependence of contact process.

Esta tese aborda o tema do impacto político e intelectual da Guerra do Vietnã nos Estados Unidos a partir da história da fundação e dos primeiros anos de existência do periódico Foreign Policy (1970-1977). A intervenção no Vietnã desencadeou uma intensa contestação na sociedade norte-americana em relação às doutrinas e práticas de Guerra Fria que, até então, eram amplamente aceitas. A crise foi tão profunda que as principais organizações de política externa, o sistema político, os consagrados membros do establishment e as bases ideacionais e intelectuais que sustentavam as práticas intervencionistas se tornaram todos alvos de profundos questionamentos e, muitas vezes, violentos ataques. A história da Foreign Policy reconstrói este processo a partir de um ponto de vista privilegiado, uma vez que foi esta crise que motivou a fundação de um novo periódico com a intenção de revisar a política externa norte-americana e reformular os paradigmas analíticos em relações internacionais. Além disso, diversos membros da Foreign Policy participaram de decisões da intervenção no Vietnã, quando ainda eram mais jovens, e assumiram ao longo da década de 1970 posição de destaque na elaboração de uma política externa menos intervencionista e militarista (o que desencadeia na participação deles no governo Carter) ou na constituição de novos paradigmas intelectuais em política internacional que transcendiam o tema da Guerra Fria, abordando a crescente interdependência e as novas questões sociais globais. Esta tese retoma desde a Guerra do Vietnã até as propostas de governo do presidente Carter e os novos paradigmas analíticos em relações internacionais a partir da trajetória de membros da Foreign Policy (Samuel Huntington, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Richard Holbrooke, James C. Thomson, Joseph Nye, entre outros). A história deste periódico ajuda a compreender melhor uma conjuntura política decisiva nos Estados Unidos em que foram concebidos os germes da polarização política, da crise do establishment e de uma preocupação política com as consequências domésticas de uma economia cada vez mais interdependente e globalizada. / This dissertation focuses on the political and intellectual impact of the Vietnam War in the United States, based on the founding and first years of the existence of Foreign Policy Magazine (1970-1977). Intervention in Vietnam set off an intense dispute in American society regarding the Cold War doctrines and practices, which had been widely accepted until then. The crisis was so deep that the major foreign policy organizations, the political system, respected members of the establishment, and the ideological and intellectual bases that had sustained the interventionist practices all became targets of profound questioning and, frequently violent attacks. The history of Foreign Policy reconstructs this process based on a privileged vantage point, since it was this crisis that motivated the rise of a new periodical with the intention of reviewing American foreign policy and reformulating the analytical paradigms regarding international relations. Moreover, various members of Foreign Policy had taken part in the decisions to intervene in Vietnam, when they were younger, and during the 1970s assumed a position of importance in developing a less interventionist and militaristic foreign policy (which led to their participation in the Carter government), or in the creation of new intellectual paradigms in international politics that transcend the theme of the Cold War, focusing on increasing interdependence and the new global social issues. This dissertation reexamines the period from the Vietnam War to the Carter president proposals and the new analytical paradigms with respect to international relations based on the trajectory of the Foreign Policy associates (Samuel Huntington, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Richard Holbrooke, James C. Thomson, Joseph Nye, and others). The history of this journal helps to better understand one decisive political juncture of the United States, wherein were conceived the seeds of political polarization, the crisis of the establishment, and of a political concern with the domestic consequences of an increasingly interdependent and globalized economy.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-06-16T20:20:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 21.pdf: 4088523 bytes, checksum: 424367277436b40a6b12b81b3547e9a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-16T20:20:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 21.pdf: 4088523 bytes, checksum: 424367277436b40a6b12b81b3547e9a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A integração entre marketing e operações é tema que vem ganhando atenção dos pesquisadores no campo da Administração desde a década de 1970, dado que as duas funções são as principais responsáveis por diretamente adicionar ou criar valor à entrega. A questão é evidente na prática e apontada como tema de discussão na academia. Os serviços possuem diferentes características em relação aos produtos tangíveis tais como inseparabilidade, a intangibilidade e a participação do cliente no momento da execução aumentam a complexidade e a necessidade da interface entre as funções de marketing e operações. Para observar este tema, uma perspectiva de marketing e operações, vistas como funções e não departamentos, foi utilizada. Assim, a tese procurou contribuir com a identificação da interdependência entre as funções de marketing e de operações e investigar a relação entre a maior integração dessas no desempenho operacional percebido do serviço. O desenvolvimento da tese se deu com a identificação dos construtos de interdependência entre as funções, integração e desempenho. Uma pesquisa foi realizada no contexto de serviços educacionais tendo como fonte de análise dois serviços realizados por uma universidade: Vestibular e Matrícula. No total, 51 pessoas participaram da pesquisa representando as redes de atores envolvidos na realização de atividades de marketing e operações na execução dos processos analisados. Os dados foram analisados com base na utilização da Análise de Redes Sociais (Social Network Analysis) que permitiu a avaliação da centralidade da rede e confirmando a existência da interdependência na execução dos processos. A técnica permite ainda a avaliação da integração das redes e a análise da intensidade das relações estabelecidas entre os atores para a execução das tarefas. Com base nas analises realizadas foi possível identificar a confiança na informação recebida por atores de outra função, a compreensão sobre as atividades realizadas pelo outro e a rivalidade como fatores importantes na melhora da integração. Pode-se concluir, dentro das limitações desta tese, que para este caso, existe uma interdependência entre as funções, porém, uma maior integração entre as funções não é responsável pelo melhor desempenho. Os índices da pesquisa confirmam que não o grau mais a intensidade das relações entre os atores determina o melhor desempenho percebido. Assim não se pode afirmar que a maior integração gera melhor desempenho, mas pode-se perceber que a melhor integração gera melhor desempenho. / Marketing and operations integration is an important research topic that has gained attention the field of Administration since the 1970s, especially because the two functions are directly responsible for creating or adding value to what is delivered. The issue is clear in practice and identified as a topic of discussion by theory. Service characteristics that are different from goods, such as intangibility, inseparability and customer participation at runtime increase the complexity and the need for better interface between the marketing and operations functions. A functional perspective of marketing and operations functions was taken, instead of a departmental division of the two areas. This dissertation seeks to contribute on the identification of the interdependence between marketing and operations functions, and investigate the relationship between greater integration and operational performance of the service. To develop the proposal the study first identified interdependence, integration and performance constructs. A survey was conducted in educational services context and focus on two services conducted by a university: Vestibular and Matrícula. 51 respondents, representing the networks of actors involved in conducting marketing activities and operations in the implementation of the analyzed processes, participated on a survey. Data were analyzed based on the use of Social Network Analysis that allowed centrality of the network evaluation, confirming the existence of interdependence on the implementation of the processes. It also allows the evaluation the network integration and the analysis of the intensity of the relationships between actors to perform the tasks. Based on the results, trust on the information, understanding on the other’s activity and are important factors in improving integration. So that, besides the limitations of this study, there is an interdependence between functions, however, greater integration between functions is not responsible for better performance. So it cannot be said that increasing integration impacts on better performance, but it can be seen that better integration generates better performance.