La magistrature occupe une place particulière au sein de l’administration de l’Etat. Elle est chargée de trancher les contestations juridiques entre particuliers (tribunaux civils, commerciaux, etc.), de réprimer les infractions aux lois pénales (tribunaux répressifs) et de contrôler les gouvernants agissant dans les limites du droit (tribunaux administratifs). Eu égard à la particularité et à la délicatesse de ses missions, les Etats proclament son indépendance dans leur constitution.Au Mali, de l’indépendance jusqu’en 1991, la magistrature est restée inféodée à l’Exécutif. C’est sous la IIIème République qu’elle a acquis les garanties formelles d’indépendance. Cependant, c’est sous cette République que les critiques les plus acerbes sont formulées à son encontre : lenteur des procédures, corruption des magistrats, collusions frauduleuses entre magistrats et avocats, etc.L’étude de la magistrature porte sur le cadre normatif dans son évolution historique (accès, organisation, fonctionnement, responsabilité etc.) et l’apport des luttes syndicales dans le sens du renforcement de l’indépendance des juges. Elle s’intéresse, aussi, à l’analyse des difficultés rencontrées par les juges dans leur interaction quotidienne avec l’environnement institutionnel et social (leurs relations avec les pouvoirs publics, les relations sociales, etc.). Cette approche permet d’apprécier de mieux comprendre les contraintes de la construction de leur indépendance pour faire face à leur rôle d’édification d’un Etat de droit.L’étude s’intéresse, enfin, à l’analyse des perceptions du justiciable sur les magistrats et au portrait commenté de deux d’entre eux que nous avons estimé « intègres » dans le respect des règles déontologiques et éthiques. / The judiciary has a special place witthin the state administration. It is responsible for settling legal disputes between individuals (civil courts, commercial, etc.), punishing infringement of the criminal laws (criminal courts) and controlling the rulers acting within the law (administrative courts). Given the uniqueness and delicacy of its missions, states proclaimed its independence in their constitution.In Mali, from independence to 1991, the judiciary remained subservient to the executive. It was under the Third Republic that it has acquired the formal guarantees of independence. However, it is in this republic that most trenchant criticisms are made against it: slow procedures, judicial corruption, fraudulent collusion between judges and lawyers, etc.The study of the judicial is the normative framework in its historical development (access, organization, operation, liability, etc.) and the contribution of labor struggles in the direction of strengthening the independence of judges. The study focused too on analysis of the difficulties faced by judges in their interaction with institutional and social environment (their relations with government, social relationships, etc.). This approach allows us to better appreciate the constraints of the construction of their independence to cope with their role of building the rule of law.The study finally, analyses the perceptions of litigants and the judges commented portrait of two of them that we considered “honest“ in accordance with the rules of professional conduct and ethics.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 juliana_brito_giovanetti_pontes.pdf: 2048824 bytes, checksum: 5c9dc70a941dca47740b74a40f967655 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-11 / Universidade Católica de Pernambuco / The constitutionality control aims to maintain the unity of the legal system and the structures that constitute the state. When the balance of the legal system is altered, is through the use of constitutional control that are sourced means of correcting for this imbalance to harmonize the infraconstitucional law or normative act and the Constitution. From the 1988 Constitution, the arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental marked an advance in the Brazilian control of constitutionality. Institute unique in the world, is able to prevent acts of threat or breach of fundamental precept deriving from the Government. Is a means of concentrated constitutionality control, being exclusive and original jurisdiction of the Brazilian Supreme Court. By being inserted in the context of the judicialization of politics and judicial activism, in the judgment of the ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade, as compared to other forms of concentrated constitutionality control, is possible to check a small quantitative of pleas effectively judged and may result in losses to the achievement of the fundamental precepts. It is observed that as a result of the low level of decision-making processes in ADPFs, they have not always been recognized as a suitable means to resolve breaches the constitutional commandments, which causes the emptying of its importance in the concentrated constitutionality control. Due to this situation, this work seeks to analyze the existence of judicial self-restraint and what the factors have contributed to the practice of this phenomenon by the Brazilian Supreme Court in place of invoking a arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental. Therefore, through quantitative and qualitative analysis, we sought to understand the positive and negative selectivity in the judgment of pleas of breach made by the Supreme Court based on the analysis of the actions that have not been judged on the merits and the merits of those who had examined. It also was analyzed the behavior of Justices of the Supreme Court with regard to the requirement of subsidiarity and respect the Law 9.882/99, which regulates the ADPFs. The research included a literature review of doctrinal and jurisprudential references concerning the main concepts and theories that integrate this dissertation, also constituting a search for exploratory and descriptive, then monitoring the procedure of all ADPFs through electronic website of the Brazilian Supreme Court, proposals including the pleas in the period from December 1999 to July 2013, through the development of worksheet to the accompaniment of variables related of the complaints of breach and investigation of research hypotheses. / O controle de constitucionalidade visa manter a unidade da ordem jurídica e as estruturas que constituem o Estado. Quando o equilíbrio do sistema jurídico sofre alterações, é através do uso do controle constitucional que são originados meios de correção para esse desequilíbrio ao compatibilizar-se a lei ou o ato normativo infraconstitucional e a Constituição. A partir da Carta Constitucional de 1988, a arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental caracterizou um avanço no controle de constitucionalidade brasileiro. Instituto único no mundo, é capaz de impedir atos de ameaça ou violação a preceito fundamental, decorrentes do Poder Público. Constitui meio de controle de constitucionalidade concentrado, sendo de competência originária e exclusiva do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Por estarem inseridas no contexto da judicialização da política e do ativismo judicial, presentes no julgamento das ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade, quando comparadas às demais formas de controle constitucional concentrado, é possível verificar um reduzido quantitativo das arguições efetivamente julgadas, podendo resultar em prejuízos à concretização dos preceitos fundamentais. Observa-se que, em decorrência do baixo índice de processos decisórios nas ADPFs, as mesmas nem sempre têm sido reconhecidas como meio apto para solucionar descumprimentos aos mandamentos constitucionais, o que provoca o esvaziamento de sua importância no controle de constitucionalidade concentrado. Devido à referida situação, no presente trabalho procura-se analisar a existência de autocontenção judicial e quais fatores têm contribuído para a prática desse fenômeno pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em sede de arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental. Para tanto, através da análise quantitativa e qualitativa, buscou-se compreender a seletividade negativa e positiva no julgamento das arguições de descumprimento realizada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, a partir da análise das ações que não sofreram julgamento do mérito e daquelas que tiveram o mérito analisado. Também foi analisado o comportamento dos Ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal com relação ao requisito da subsidiariedade e o respeito à Lei 9.882/99, que regulamenta as arguições de descumprimento. A pesquisa compreendeu revisão de literatura das referências doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais relativas aos principais conceitos e teorias que integram esta dissertação, constituindo também uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório e descritivo, seguida do acompanhamento processual da totalidade das ADPFs, através do sítio eletrônico do Supremo Tribunal Federal, incluindo as arguições propostas no período de dezembro de 1999 a julho de 2013, por meio da elaboração de planilha para o acompanhamento de varáveis relacionadas às arguições de descumprimento e investigação das hipóteses da pesquisa.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lais_antunes_vasconcellos.pdf: 916357 bytes, checksum: f24a03e1ac6bea9678e825450b3ab0b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 / This paper aims to analyze how the principle of competence is regulated Brazilian arbitration law. At first, it examines forecast rules of that precept. It then performs a search of case law to verify the position of the upper and state courts is in consistent with the prediction of the principle in the normative and theoretical piano We chose to address this issue because of the scarcity of jobs in the country dealing with the subject, whose study is of fundamental importance for the development of arbitration. The rule of competence-competence confers efficiency and speed to the institute, because departs bringing antiarbitragem measures and measures for procrastinatórias party who has no interest in establishing the arbitral procedure. 0 principle of competence-competence, predicted 8, sole paragraph, of Law No. 9.307/96, gives arbitrators the prerogative to determine, first, any questions about the validity, existence and effectiveness of the arbitration agreement, delaying state control until the completion of arbitration. This study, therefore, in addition to analyzing the model regulation of this principle in Brazil, seeks to examine whether the judiciary interpreted tern this rule, if indeed respect the prerogative of the arbitral tribunal to examine regularity of its powers of history, in relation to the judiciary. The reflections contained in this document were developed from the study of Law 9,037 of September 23, 1996 and the arbitration laws of other countries, the doctrine domestic and foreign case law and homeland. / Este trabalho objetiva analisar a forma como o principio da competência se encontra regulado direito arbitral brasileiro. Em um primeiro momento, examina-se a previsão normativa desse preceito. Em seguida, realiza-se uma pesquisa de jurisprudência para verificar se o posicionamento dos tribunais superiores e estaduais se encontra em consonância com a previsão do principio no piano normativo e teórico Optou-se por abordar este tema em virtude da escassez de trabalhos no pais que tratam do assunto, cujo estudo é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento da arbitragem. A regra da competência-competência confere eficácia e celeridade ao instituto, porquanto afasta a interposição de medidas antiarbitragem e de medidas procrastinatórias pela parte que não tem interesse na instauração do procedimento arbitrai. 0 principio da competência-competência, previsto 8°, paragrafo único, da Lei n° 9.307/96, confere aos árbitros a prerrogativa de apreciar, em primeiro lugar, eventuais questionamentos acerca da validade, existência e eficácia da convenção arbitrai, postergando o controle estatal ate o término da arbitragem. Este estudo, portanto, além de analisar o modelo de regulação desse principio no Brasil, busca examinar se o Judiciário tern interpretado este preceito, se de fato respeitam a prerrogativa do tribunal arbitral de analisar regularidade de seus poderes de forma antecedente, em relação ao Judiciário. As reflexões contidas no presente documento foram desenvolvidas a partir do estudo da Lei 9.037 de 23 de setembro de 1996 e de leis arbitrais de outros países, de doutrina nacional e estrangeira e da jurisprudência pátria.

No description available.

[pt] A liberdade religiosa é um espaço de disputa entre diferentes denominações que tem ultrapassado o desejo de conter a verdade sobre as coisas para ter o controle dos espaços de poder. Historicamente tida como religiões subalternas, ainda hoje os cultos de matriz africana experimentam situações de perseguição, desconsideração e intolerância. Estes atos provêm tanto de particulares quando de agentes públicos e expressam parte da herança colonial ainda não superada: o racismo. É a ligação entre essas religiões e a África, os africanos e seus descentes que, mesmo no século XXI, quando muitas dessas crenças deixaram de ser professadas apenas por negros, despertam nos seus opositores dentro do campo religioso ou político as manifestações de intolerância e de violação de direitos dos adeptos das religiões afro-brasileiras. Esse trabalho consiste na análise desse panorama e do impacto que ele tem na consolidação do estado democrático e da laicidade do estado brasileiro. São investigados dois casos de templos religiosos de matriz africana proibidos de funcionamento no Estado de Sergipe e os afrorreligiosos participam de um survey sobre representação social do sistema de justiça, de modo que pretendemos abrir o espaço do debate sobre liberdade religiosa e sobre a prestação de serviços por instituições do sistema de justiça para aqueles que pouco ou quase nunca participaram ou opinaram sobre tais questões. O survey foi elaborado a partir das demandas e das necessidades específicas dos afrorreligiosos quando diante do sistema de justiça e as teorias e as metodologias aqui empregadas como referenciais foram eleitas e pensadas por se adequarem a estes grupos, não o oposto. / [en] Religious freedom is an area of dispute between different denominations that has overtaken the desire to contain the truth about things to keep track of the positions of power. Historically seen as subaltern religions, cults today with African roots experience situations of persecution, intolerance and disrespect . These acts come from both private and public agents when expressing part of the colonial legacy still unsurpassed: racism. It is the connection between these religions and Africa, Africans and their descendants, even in the XXI century, when many of these beliefs are no longer professed only by blacks, awaken in their opponents within the religious or political field manifestations of intolerance and violation fans of rights of african-Brazilian religions . This work consists of the analysis of this scenario and the impact it has on the consolidation of the democratic state and the secular nature of the Brazilian state. Two cases of religious temples of banned African origin operating in the State of Sergipe and afrorreligiosos participate in a survey about social representation of the justice system are investigated, so we intend to open up the space of the debate on religious freedom and on the provision of services by institutions of the justice system for those who know little or almost never participated or say about such matters. The survey was developed from the demands and specific needs of afrorreligiosos when confronting the justice system and the theories and methodologies used here as references were elected and thought fit by these groups , not the opposite.

This dissertation analyses the idea that parliament controls public money in parliamentary constitutional systems of government. That analysis proceeds through an historical and contemporary examination of the way legal practices distribute authority over public money between different institutions of government. The legislative and judicial practices concerning taxation, public expenditure, sovereign borrowing, and the government financing activities of central banks are selected for close attention. The contemporary analysis focuses on the design and operation of those legal practices in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Australia, in the context of the boom-bust-recovery economic conditions experienced between 2005 and 2016. The dissertation's ultimate claims are explanatory: that "parliamentary control" is a poor explanation of the distribution of financial authority in parliamentary systems of government and should be jettisoned in favour of an idea of "parliamentary ratification". An empirically engaged methodology is adopted throughout the dissertation and (historical and contemporary) public sector financial data enrich the legal analysis. The dissertation acknowledges the impact of, but remains agnostic between, different economic and political perspectives on fiscal discipline and public financial administration. The dissertation makes a number of original contributions. It provides a detailed examination of the historical development, legal operation and constitutional significance of annual appropriation legislation, and the legal regimes governing sovereign borrowing and monetary finance. It also analyses the way that law interacts with government behaviour in situations of economic emergencies (focusing on the Bank of England's public financing activities since 2008), and the institutional and doctrinal obstacles facing judicial involvement in disputes concerning public finance (focusing on the Australian judiciary's recent engagements with public expenditure legislation).

In this study focus is placed on the Impact of the Namibian judiciary system on the sexually-abused child witness and recommendations were made to criminal justice professionals. A literature study was undertaken to establish a grounded theoretical perspective. A single case study was done to evaluate how the Gestalt Play Therapy Process can be applied to mitigate some of the negative effects the judicial system has on the child witness. An empirical study was done and a qualitative approach was utilised. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with children, their parents and criminal justice professionals. Major findings of this study are that the Namibian criminal justice system leads to further traumatization of the sexually-abused child witness and that the Gestalt Play Therapy approach can be applied to make the court proceedings less traumatic and even therapeutic for the child witness. Recommendations were formulated for criminal justice professionals / In hierdie verhandeling is gefokus op die impak van die Namibiese regstelsel op die seksueel-misbruikte kindergetuie en daar word aanbevelings gedoen aan professionele persone in die kriminele regstelsel. 'n Literatuurstudie is gedoen om 'n grondige toeretiese perspektief daar te stel. 'n Enkele gevallestudie is uitgevoer om te evalueer hoe die Gestalt Spelterapieproses toegepas kan word om die hofverrigtinge vir die kind minder traumaties te maak. 'n Empiriese studie is gedoen en 'n kwalitatiewe benadering is gebruik. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer met kinders, hulle ouers en professionele persone wat met seksueel-misbruikte kindergetuies werk. In die studie is bevind dat die Namibiese regstelsel addisionele trauma veroorsaak vir die kindergetuie en dat die Getaltspelterapiebenadering gebruik kan word om die hofervaring minder traumaties en selfs terapeuties te kan maak vir die kindergetuie. Aanbevelings is gedoen aan professionele persone wat met kindergetuies werk. / Social work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

Dans sa thèse, l’auteure analyse la fonction du système judiciaire dans le système juridique selon une double perspective historique et sociologique. Cette approche possède un potentiel euristique important, car elle révèle que la place réservée à la production judiciaire du droit se modifie au gré de la conception que se fait la société de l’origine et de la légitimité du droit. Grâce à la méthodologie proposée par la théorie des systèmes, il est possible d’analyser le phénomène de la montée en puissance des juges dans sa dimension scientifique, en substituant une interprétation sociologique à celle, traditionnelle, formulée par la science politique. Grâce à une réappropriation de la justice par la science juridique, la production judiciaire du droit peut être étudiée dans une perspective systémique. Celle-ci démontre la situation névralgique occupée par la fonction de juger dans le système juridique. Par le biais d’un retour aux sources de la fonction de juger, l’auteur identifie les stratégies empruntées par les titulaires de cette fonction pour maintenir et légitimer leur position dans l’organisation du système juridique. La thèse démontre que le discours judiciaire de la Cour suprême du Canada sur la norme d’indépendance judiciaire homologue la théorie de la place centrale du système judiciaire dans le système juridique. La thèse conclut enfin que des conditions sociologiques sont nécessaires pour assurer l’indépendance judiciaire et garantir la primauté du droit. Ces conditions sont la différenciation sociale, une structure de programme juridique conditionnelle et la limitation de la responsabilité des juges pour l’impact de leurs décisions dans le système social. / This thesis examines the function of the judiciary in the legal system in a historical and sociological perspective. Through the lens of history and sociology, the author reviews and considers the changes in the role of the judge in the development of law. The heuristic benefit of this approach borrowed from history and systemic theory, is invaluable. Firstly, it demonstrates that the place reserved for the judicial creation of law in the legal system is tributary to what is considered as the source and legitimacy of law. Secondly, it sets in an evolutionary perspective the significant changes that occurred in the development of law and the judicial function. The characterization of the judicial function evolves from a political science’s viewpoint to a legal perspective. Through this reappropriation by the legal science, the judicial production of law can now be examined in its systemic function. As well, exploration of the sources of the function of justice renders possible and understanding of the rationale used by judges throughout history to legitimize their position in the legal system. The thesis supports the proposition that, along with legal conditions relating to the status of judges, a set of sociological conditions must exist in order for judicial independence to be fully protected and the rule of law upheld. These conditions are social differentiation, a structure of conditional programs for law, and limitation in the social system of the responsibility and accountability of judges following the fulfillment of their judicial function. Finally, in the final stage of her socio-historical research, the author demonstrates how the current judicial interpretation of the conditions for judicial independence enhances the theoretical foundations that situate the judicial function at the centre of the legal system.

The aim of diploma thesis "Probation and mediation as a form of work with juvenile offenders" is to elaborate the social pedagogic aspects of probation and mediation activities. It is intended to be a theoretic study and is divided into five chapters. The opening chapter is concerned for causes of delinquent beaviour and offers an enumeration of factors causing the uprise of this kind of behaviour among youth. The second chapter aims at possibilities of juvenile criminality prevention. The third chapter is employed with an institution of Probation and Mediation Services, which plays an important role on the field of terciary prevention of juvenile criminality. Fourth chapter treats with concrete ways of work of probation officers with their clients. Their work is analysed in the last chapter emphasising the social pedagogic potential of probation and mediation activities. It also mentions a possibility of social support in the work of probation officers.

[pt] Discutimos aqui a democratização do acesso de moradores de favelas cariocas ao Judiciário através de análise histórico-temporal e espacial. O levantamento de dados incluiu dados históricos, sócio-econômicos e políticos das favelas e a realização de pesquisas quantitativas e quali-quantitativas com julgados cíveis do TJRJ. As análises destes dados foram realizadas sob dois enfoques: (1) do acesso – individual e coletivo ao judiciário; (2) do posicionamento dos magistrados frente às demandas propostas. Os resultados sugerem a relação entre: (1) aumento do acesso de moradores de favelas ao judiciário e melhoria dos índices de desenvolvimento social; (2) baixa incidência de demandas coletivas e tratamento omisso dispensado por magistrados a este tipo de ação; (3) falta de coerência entre as decisões judiciais de magistrados e realidade social da favela e seus ajustes ao longo dos últimos anos; e traz (4) o questionamento de algumas crenças teóricas consolidadas sobre as principais variáveis na promoção do acesso à justiça. A partir de dados empíricos, esta pesquisa sugere possibilidades mais eficazes de transformações sociais quando compatíveis com a realidade social urbana local. / [en] This article discuss the democratization of access to residents of Rio s favelas to judiciary through a temporal and spatial analysis. Data collection included historical datas, socio-economic datas and political datas about the slums reality in Rio and also a quantitative and quali-qualitative research with the civil trials (Jurisprudence) of the Estadual Court of Justice of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of these data were performed under two approaches: (1) access - individually and collective to the judiciary, (2) the positioning of the magistrates in response to the judicial demands. The results suggest a relationship between: (1) the increase of the access of slum dwellers to the judiciary and improvement of indices of social development, (2) low incidence of collective demands and the omission of the judges in judge such kind of cause, (3) lack of consistency between judicial decisions of magistrates and social reality of the slums and their adjustments over the years, and brings (4) the questioning of some consolidated theoretical beliefs about the key variables in promoting access to justice. From empirical datas, this research suggests possibilities for more effective social transformations when compatible with very local social realities.