Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:50:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUZIA_DISSERTACAO_08_10_2007.pdf: 6117764 bytes, checksum: 739310402fa45ed4aba14e30053c492e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-08 / The present research, focused the continued formation of the professors for the qualification in service promoted for a coordinating teacher. It analyzed how these actions had been planned and executed in the school in the weekly meetings of the Collective Pedagogical Working Schedule and the daily attendance of the execution of the teaching work, in the classroom. A project of reading work was executed as opportunity to follow the qualification of the professor for the coordinator; at the same time it attended the educative necessities of the pupils of that group of educators. The investigation was defined in a quanti-qualitative boarding as collaboration research and it allowed to verify the practice adopted for the pedagogical coordination next to the group of professors. While I was a researcher, I participated several times as observer of the development of the activities purposed by the research. Small interventions were made as collaborating with the endorsement of the professors in the execution of the project of reading work, in attendance to the requests of the operating group itself. Questionnaires, comments, colloquies and registers in a daily notebook had been used. Pictures and graphs were elaborated as synthesis of the gotten data. Photos were annexed to clarify what was made in the projects of reading work. The participants of this research were a Pedagogical Coordinating Teacher and twenty two professors of a public school of Cycle I of Basic School, located in the city of Presidente Prudente, in the interior of São Paulo State. The research development demonstrated that it is essential to the Pedagogical Coordinator to contribute for the improvement of the Pedagogical practice of those that are under your coordination, being a strategies researcher that allows to auxiliate your subordinates to review, to understand and to transform their way, either in the classroom or in another environment of work. It is necessary the professional to be the one worried in reflecting on its proper work and constantly search to invest in its own qualification. It is necessary that this coordinator makes frequents studies in the area of professors formation and education and learning. The execution of a project of reading work collaborated with the searched group in the improvement of the continued formation in the school and compelled the reflection about the projects elaboration and the practices of reading until then, with results in the learning of the students. At the same time, it assisted the searched group in the necessary theoric basis to the reflection, organization and evaluation of actions that contemplated the necessities of the pupils. / A presente pesquisa, focalizou a formação continuada dos professores pela capacitação em serviço promovida por uma professora coordenadora. Analisou como foram planejadas e executadas essas ações na escola - nas reuniões semanais do Horário de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo e no acompanhamento cotidiano da execução do trabalho docente, em sala de aula. Um projeto de trabalho em leitura foi executado como oportunidade de acompanhar a capacitação dos professores pela coordenadora, ao mesmo tempo em que atendeu às necessidades educativas dos alunos daquele grupo de educadores. A investigação foi definida numa abordagem quanti-qualitativa como pesquisa colaborativa e permitiu verificar a prática adotada pela coordenação pedagógica junto ao grupo de professores. Enquanto pesquisadora, participei diversas vezes como observadora do desenvolvimento das atividades propostas pela pesquisa. Pequenas intervenções foram realizadas como colaboradora com o aval dos docentes na execução do projeto de trabalho em leitura, em atendimento às solicitações do próprio grupo atuante. Questionários, observações, conversas informais e registros num diário de bordo foram utilizados. Quadros e gráficos foram elaborados como síntese dos dados obtidos. Fotos foram anexadas para aclarar o que foi feito nos projetos de trabalho sobre leitura.Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram uma Professora Coordenadora Pedagógica e vinte e dois professores de uma escola pública do Ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental, localizada na cidade de Presidente Prudente, no interior do Estado de São Paulo. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa demonstrou que é essencial o Coordenador Pedagógico contribuir para o aprimoramento da prática pedagógica daqueles que se encontram sob sua coordenação sendo pesquisador de estratégias que lhe permita auxiliar seus coordenados a rever, entender e transformar sua prática, seja em sala de aula, seja em outro ambiente de trabalho. É preciso que ele seja, antes de tudo, um profissional preocupado em refletir sobre o seu próprio trabalho e buscar constantemente investir em sua própria capacitação. È necessário que esse coordenador faça constantes estudos na área de formação de professores e de ensino e aprendizagem. A execução de um projeto de trabalho em leitura colaborou com o grupo pesquisado no aprimoramento da formação continuada realizada na escola e obrigou a reflexão sobre a elaboração de projetos de trabalho e às práticas de leitura existentes até então, com resultados na aprendizagem dos alunos. Ao mesmo tempo, auxiliou o grupo pesquisado no embasamento teórico necessário à reflexão, organização e avaliação de ações que contemplaram as necessidades dos alunos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUZIA_DISSERTACAO_08_10_2007.pdf: 6117764 bytes, checksum: 739310402fa45ed4aba14e30053c492e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-08 / The present research, focused the continued formation of the professors for the qualification in service promoted for a coordinating teacher. It analyzed how these actions had been planned and executed in the school in the weekly meetings of the Collective Pedagogical Working Schedule and the daily attendance of the execution of the teaching work, in the classroom. A project of reading work was executed as opportunity to follow the qualification of the professor for the coordinator; at the same time it attended the educative necessities of the pupils of that group of educators. The investigation was defined in a quanti-qualitative boarding as collaboration research and it allowed to verify the practice adopted for the pedagogical coordination next to the group of professors. While I was a researcher, I participated several times as observer of the development of the activities purposed by the research. Small interventions were made as collaborating with the endorsement of the professors in the execution of the project of reading work, in attendance to the requests of the operating group itself. Questionnaires, comments, colloquies and registers in a daily notebook had been used. Pictures and graphs were elaborated as synthesis of the gotten data. Photos were annexed to clarify what was made in the projects of reading work. The participants of this research were a Pedagogical Coordinating Teacher and twenty two professors of a public school of Cycle I of Basic School, located in the city of Presidente Prudente, in the interior of São Paulo State. The research development demonstrated that it is essential to the Pedagogical Coordinator to contribute for the improvement of the Pedagogical practice of those that are under your coordination, being a strategies researcher that allows to auxiliate your subordinates to review, to understand and to transform their way, either in the classroom or in another environment of work. It is necessary the professional to be the one worried in reflecting on its proper work and constantly search to invest in its own qualification. It is necessary that this coordinator makes frequents studies in the area of professors formation and education and learning. The execution of a project of reading work collaborated with the searched group in the improvement of the continued formation in the school and compelled the reflection about the projects elaboration and the practices of reading until then, with results in the learning of the students. At the same time, it assisted the searched group in the necessary theoric basis to the reflection, organization and evaluation of actions that contemplated the necessities of the pupils. / A presente pesquisa, focalizou a formação continuada dos professores pela capacitação em serviço promovida por uma professora coordenadora. Analisou como foram planejadas e executadas essas ações na escola - nas reuniões semanais do Horário de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo e no acompanhamento cotidiano da execução do trabalho docente, em sala de aula. Um projeto de trabalho em leitura foi executado como oportunidade de acompanhar a capacitação dos professores pela coordenadora, ao mesmo tempo em que atendeu às necessidades educativas dos alunos daquele grupo de educadores. A investigação foi definida numa abordagem quanti-qualitativa como pesquisa colaborativa e permitiu verificar a prática adotada pela coordenação pedagógica junto ao grupo de professores. Enquanto pesquisadora, participei diversas vezes como observadora do desenvolvimento das atividades propostas pela pesquisa. Pequenas intervenções foram realizadas como colaboradora com o aval dos docentes na execução do projeto de trabalho em leitura, em atendimento às solicitações do próprio grupo atuante. Questionários, observações, conversas informais e registros num diário de bordo foram utilizados. Quadros e gráficos foram elaborados como síntese dos dados obtidos. Fotos foram anexadas para aclarar o que foi feito nos projetos de trabalho sobre leitura.Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram uma Professora Coordenadora Pedagógica e vinte e dois professores de uma escola pública do Ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental, localizada na cidade de Presidente Prudente, no interior do Estado de São Paulo. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa demonstrou que é essencial o Coordenador Pedagógico contribuir para o aprimoramento da prática pedagógica daqueles que se encontram sob sua coordenação sendo pesquisador de estratégias que lhe permita auxiliar seus coordenados a rever, entender e transformar sua prática, seja em sala de aula, seja em outro ambiente de trabalho. É preciso que ele seja, antes de tudo, um profissional preocupado em refletir sobre o seu próprio trabalho e buscar constantemente investir em sua própria capacitação. È necessário que esse coordenador faça constantes estudos na área de formação de professores e de ensino e aprendizagem. A execução de um projeto de trabalho em leitura colaborou com o grupo pesquisado no aprimoramento da formação continuada realizada na escola e obrigou a reflexão sobre a elaboração de projetos de trabalho e às práticas de leitura existentes até então, com resultados na aprendizagem dos alunos. Ao mesmo tempo, auxiliou o grupo pesquisado no embasamento teórico necessário à reflexão, organização e avaliação de ações que contemplaram as necessidades dos alunos.

La producción de alimentos de consumo masivo trae consigo tanto amenazas como oportunidades, ya que la falla de un proceso operativo impacta a millones de consumidores, por ello, es importante asegurar la elaboración de productos inocuos y de calidad. En este proceso el recurso humano interviene directamente en toda la cadena de producción desde la materia prima hasta la distribución al consumidor. En el rubro industrial de la empresa en estudio, el personal operativo representa más del 50% de los colaboradores, los mismos que deben estar constantemente capacitados en temas especializados en su rama industrial, por ejemplo: Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM), Inocuidad y calidad, HACCAP (Análisis de puntos críticos), etc., con el objetivo de generar en ellos hábitos, habilidades y destrezas que contribuyan a la eficiencia en la producción. La normativa peruana e internacional exige altos estándares de calidad a todos los que intervienen en esta cadena de producción que son: los proveedores (los que proporcionan la materia prima), los fabricantes (las industrias de procesamiento) y los clientes (las grandes cadenas de supermercados, distribuidoras, y las mismas industrias de procesamiento) generando auditorías e inspecciones para garantizar el cumplimiento. Siendo la plana operativa importante en este rubro, el plan de formación debe ser diseñado teniendo en cuenta las características de este perfil, el programa debe ser lúdico, innovador, motivador, dinámico, experimental, vivencial, simple y claro que garanticen el aprendizaje aplicado a su actividad, contribuyendo a la sostenibilidad y el crecimiento del negocio. / The production of food for mass consumption brings with it both threats and opportunities, since the failure of an operational process impacts millions of consumers, therefore, it is important to ensure the production of safe and quality products. In this process, human resources intervene directly in the entire production chain from raw material to distribution to the consumer. In this industrial area of ​​the company under study, the operational staff represents more than 50% of the collaborators, the same ones who must be constantly trained in specialized topics in their industrial branch, for example: Good Manufacturing Practices (BPM), Safety and quality, HACCAP (Critical Point Analysis), etc., with the aim of generating habits, abilities and skills that contribute to production efficiency. International and Peruvian regulations require high quality standards from all those involved in this production chain, which are suppliers (those who provide the raw material), manufacturers (processing industries) and customers (large chains of supermarkets, distributors, and the same processing industries) generating audits and inspections to ensure compliance. Being the important operational plan in this area, the training plan must be designed taking into account the characteristics of this profile, the program must be playful, innovative, motivating, dynamic, experimental, experiential, simple and clear that guarantee the learning applied to its activity, contributing to the sustainability and growth of the business. / Trabajo de investigación

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edneia Regina Burger.pdf: 1431516 bytes, checksum: a00d8a5cf08ab7b120db84d0f0e985ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to identify whether the Pedagogic-Political Project for public children-daycare services presents proposals for training activities that are intended to produce conscious action of non-teaching staff in education, analyzing the intentionality of these proposals when published, and the role of the school manager in front of what is laid in them. For this, a literature review was performed, searching in theory the necessary articulation between theory and practice, and document analysis, by means of which an assessment of six public children-daycare units' pedagogic-political projects was done as main reference. The studies and analysis in this research indicated what is the on-the-job training foreseen and the possibility for non-teaching staff to act intentionally in the education of children inpublic daycare, complementing and reassuring the importance of non-teaching staff action to achieve the educational objectives set out in the Pedagogic-Political Project. However, the need and importance of school management to conduct formation of these professionals are present in order for non-teaching staff to know the specifics of work in daycare, the characteristics of the age group assisted and the importance of each person's work the achieve the main objective of public daycare, namely the childrens' learning, in regard of the inseparability between children-daycare and education and the need and importance that on-the-job training is foressen in the Pedagogic-Political Project / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal identificar se o Projeto Político Pedagógico de creches apresenta propostas de ações formativas que tenham como finalidade a atuação consciente do pessoal não docente, analisando a intencionalidade dessas propostas quando anunciadas, bem como o papel do gestor escolar diante daquilo que está posto. Para isso, utilizou-se de levantamento bibliográfico, buscando nos teóricos a necessária articulação entre teoria e prática e análise documental por meio da qual se realizou a análise de projetos políticos pedagógicos de seis creches como principal referência e documento de apreciação. Os estudos e análises realizadas na pesquisa indicaram quais as formações em serviço previstas nos projetos políticos pedagógicos e possibilidades do pessoal não docente atuar de forma intencional na ação educativa dos alunos das creches, complementando e afirmando a importância da ação do pessoal não docente para a consecução dos objetivos previstos no Projeto Político Pedagógico. Todavia, a necessidade e importância do gestor escolar em realizar formações com esses profissionais para que conheçam as especificidades do trabalho na creche, as características da faixa etária atendida, a importância do trabalho de cada um para a consecução do objetivo maior da creche, a aprendizagem dos alunos, no que se refere à indissociabilidade entre o cuidar e o educar se fizeram presentes, assim como a necessidade e importância de que essas formações em serviço estejam previstas no momento da elaboração do Projeto Político Pedagógico

本研究係針對五十四期刑事警察在職訓練作成效評估，為求評估的準確，將訓練有關之利害關係人（stakeholder）都納入作為研究調查的對象，包含訓練承辦機關刑事警察局、訓練實際執行機關台灣警察專科學校教務處暨學生總隊人員、參訓學員、學員服務機關的長官與同事、授課教師等。而蒐集資料方法係以量化問卷及質化訪談兩者相輔並行，若研究對象超過三十人以上則採問卷調查，其他則以訪談深入探求對訓練辦理的意見；為因應不同對象的需求，各設計出甲、乙、丙三種問卷及訪談表，其主要目的係能兼取量化調查能迅速蒐集大量的資料，而質化的訪談研究能深入探求研究對象的意見等兩種調查方法的優點。 　　研究架構乃經探討相關文獻後，以訓練之規劃、執行、影響三階段之設計作為本研究之評估流程，除瞭解訓練承辦，以及實際執行機關於規劃、執行該訓練時的決策內容外，對第三階段的影響評估亦採用Kirkpatrick所提出的「訓練方案評估技術」，其中最負盛名且運用最廣的是四層次評估理論，分別是反應（Reaction）、學習（Learning）、行為（Behavior）及結果（Result）。本研究嘗試以Kirkpatrick訓練評估四層次理論作基礎，由接受基層刑事警察訓練的刑警人員從事「自我追蹤評估」，及受訓學員長官、同事的「他人追蹤評估」，來瞭解學員受訓後是否能將訓練所學確實移轉到工作情境之中。而依據Wart等學者認為，受訓者個人特質（trainee characteristics）、原機關任職工作環境（work environment）皆會影響訓練成效。因此本文將此兩因素作為控制變數，以探討具有不同個人特質及工作環境的學員，其訓練成效是否會有差異存在。為證明各變數間是否有關聯或差異存在，因此以虛無假設（null hypothesis）方式提出，期望研究結果能拒絕虛無假設，進而接受對立假設。 　　研究結果如下： 　　一、受訓學員於訓練規劃、執行的過程中，對課程編排、教師授課情形、訓練機關的設備、教材及環境等整體訓練安排的「滿意度」良好（反應層次顯著）。 　　二、受訓學員於參加「訓練」前後，對專業講習「知識學習」的程度有明顯差異存在（學習層次顯著）。 　　三、受訓學員回到原服務機關後，其長官、同事覺得其參加「訓練」前後的「行為改變程度」明顯（行為層次顯著）。 　　四、受訓學員回到原服務機關後，其長官、同事覺得其參加「訓練」前後，對「組織貢獻程度」明顯（結果層次顯著）。 　　五、受訓學員對參加訓練「滿意度」的高低，與訓練後回原機關的「行為改變程度」多、寡之間有關係存在（反應層次會影響行為改變層次）。 　　六、受訓學員於參加訓練期間及訓練後，其工作環境中「長官、同事的環境支持程度」高低，與訓練後回原機關的「行為改變程度」大、小有關係存在（工作環境支持程度會影響行為改變層次）。 　　七、受訓學員於結訓回原機關後，其工作「行為改變程度」大、小，與其對「組織貢獻程度」多、寡有關係（行為改變層次會影響組織貢獻層次）。 　　八、受訓學員的「工作環境」差異（其長官、同事對本訓練的支持程度）與其「訓練成效」間有顯著差異存在。 　　九、受訓學員參加本「訓練」前後，其所表現的「整體訓練成效」顯著。 　　十、不同「人口統計變項」的受訓學員，個人資料中「服務機關」、「工作性質」、「年齡」、「刑警年資」等變數，其與「訓練成效」間有顯著差異存在。 　　綜上運用規劃、執行、影響（包括Kirkpatrick訓練評估四層次理論）三階段評估，驗證本訓練成效良好，且證明不同「人口統計變項」及「工作環境」的受訓學員，其「訓練成效」間有顯著差異存在。而質化訪談內容除驗證上述結果外，並於調查規劃、執行過程時，發現訓練制度的改進方向，在結論時提出現階段可行及未來改進的具體建議，使訓練評估結果完整且具可行性。 / This research is the effect evaluation of the on-the-job training of the 54th criminal investigators who were trained in Taiwan Police College. In order to make sure of the accuracy of the estimating, the stakeholders who are related to this on-the-job training are all involved in survey, including course staffs, students who were trained, students' colleagues, professors in this program and trainers who work at Criminal Investigation Bureau and Taiwan Police College. Quantitative questionnaire and qualitative interview are both adopted in this research. The former was used, and the latter was used for the population less than 30. Different questionnaires are designed according to the different populations. 　　Framework is based on literature review, which was used as the planning estimation, implementing estimation, and effect estimation of training. In addition to understand the content of training planning and implementing decision, the third stage-- effect estimation is based on Kirkpatrick Four-level evaluation theory with reaction, learning, behavior and result that is used. The application of Kirkpatrick Four-level evaluation theory in this research includes “self-estimation” by detectives under training and “others-estimation” by the trainees and colleagues to realize that transformation from training to work. And according to Wart's viewpoint, trainee characteristics and work environment have effect upon training. Whereas the controlled factors, trainee characteristic and work environment are provided for difference on training effects. In order to prove the relation or the difference exist on the aforementioned factors, the hypothesis comes up in the follow. The finding expected negation from the null hypothesis or the alternative hypothesis will stands. 　　After by planning, implementing and effect three process evaluation（Including Kirkpatrick Four-level evaluation theory）, the result is nice to the 54th criminal investigators training. And have found the difference on these trainees under the trainee characteristics and work environment. The result was be proved by the content of qualitative interview and find the improvement of training. The feasible suggestion of the present and the future improvement came up in the conclusion. The result of the training evaluation is success and feasible.

<p>This thesis contains four different studies on the dynamics of gender in households and workplaces. The relationship between family life and work life is in focus, particularly in the paper on labour market outcomes after divorce.</p><p>In the introductory chapter, the Swedish context is briefly described. The description focuses on gender differences in the labour market and in the home. Theories concerning the division of work in the household are discussed, as are two theories on labour market discrimination, viz. taste discrimination and statistical discrimination. The theory part is concluded with a discussion of social closure processes and gendered organizational structures.</p><p><i>The Reproduction of Gender. Housework and Attitudes Towards Gender Equality in the Home Among Swedish Boys and Girls.</i> The housework boys and girls age 10 to 18 do, and their attitudes towards gender equality in the home are studied. One aim is to see whether the work children do is gendered and if so, whether they follow their parents’, often gendered, pattern in housework. A second aim is to see whether parents’ division of work is related to the children’s attitude towards gender equality in the home. The data used are taken from the Swedish Child Level of Living Survey (Child-LNU) 2000. Results indicate that girls and boys in two-parent families are more prone to engage in gender-atypical work the more their parent of the same sex engages in this kind of work. The fact that girls still do more housework than boys indicates that housework is gendered work also among children. No relation between parents’ division of work and the child’s attitude towards gender equality in the home was found. </p><p><i>Dependence within Families and the Household Division of Labor – A Comparison between Sweden and the United States.</i> This paper assesses the relative explanatory value of the resource-bargaining perspective and the doing-gender approach in analysing the division of housework in the United States and Sweden from the mid-1970s to 2000. Data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) were used. Overall results indicate that housework is truly gendered work in both countries during the entire period. Even so, the results also indicate that gender deviance neutralization is more pronounced in the United States than in Sweden. Unlike Swedish women, American women seem to increase their time spent in housework when their husbands are to some extent economically dependent on them, as if to neutralize the presumed gender deviance.</p><p><i>Divorce and Labour Market Outcomes. Do Women Suffer or Gain?</i> In this paper, the interconnected nature of work and family is studied by looking at labour market outcomes after divorce. The data used are retrospective work and family histories collected in LNU 1991. A hazard regression model with competing risks reveals that women’s chances of improving their occupational prestige appear to be better after divorce compared to before. Increased working hours and perhaps also increased energy invested in the job may pay off in better occupational opportunities. Worth noting, however, is that the outcome among women with a less firm labour market attachment is more often to a job of lower prestige than one of higher prestige. Hence, the labour market outcome for women after divorce is to some extent conditioned by their labour market attachment at the time of divorce. Men, on the other hand, in most cases seem to suffer occupationally from divorce. For separated men the risk of negative changes in occupational prestige is greater than for cohabiting men.</p><p><i>Formal On-the-job Training. A Gender-Typed Experience and Wage- Related Advantage?</i> Formal on-the-job training (FOJT) can have a positive impact on wages and on promotion opportunities. According to theory and earlier research, a two-step model of gender inequality in FOJT is predicted: First, women are less likely than men to take part in FOJT and, second, once women do get the more remunerative training, they are not rewarded for their new skills to the same extent as men are. Pooled cross-sectional data from the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions (ULF) in the mid-nineties were used. Results show that women are significantly less likely than men to take part in FOJT. Among those who do receive training, women are more likely to take part in industry-specific training, whereas men are more likely to participate in general training and training that increases promotion opportunities. The two latter forms of training significantly raise a man’s annual earnings but not a woman’s. Hence, the theoretical model is supported and it is argued that this gender inequality is partly due to employers’ discriminatory practices.</p>

This thesis contains four different studies on the dynamics of gender in households and workplaces. The relationship between family life and work life is in focus, particularly in the paper on labour market outcomes after divorce. In the introductory chapter, the Swedish context is briefly described. The description focuses on gender differences in the labour market and in the home. Theories concerning the division of work in the household are discussed, as are two theories on labour market discrimination, viz. taste discrimination and statistical discrimination. The theory part is concluded with a discussion of social closure processes and gendered organizational structures. The Reproduction of Gender. Housework and Attitudes Towards Gender Equality in the Home Among Swedish Boys and Girls. The housework boys and girls age 10 to 18 do, and their attitudes towards gender equality in the home are studied. One aim is to see whether the work children do is gendered and if so, whether they follow their parents’, often gendered, pattern in housework. A second aim is to see whether parents’ division of work is related to the children’s attitude towards gender equality in the home. The data used are taken from the Swedish Child Level of Living Survey (Child-LNU) 2000. Results indicate that girls and boys in two-parent families are more prone to engage in gender-atypical work the more their parent of the same sex engages in this kind of work. The fact that girls still do more housework than boys indicates that housework is gendered work also among children. No relation between parents’ division of work and the child’s attitude towards gender equality in the home was found. Dependence within Families and the Household Division of Labor – A Comparison between Sweden and the United States. This paper assesses the relative explanatory value of the resource-bargaining perspective and the doing-gender approach in analysing the division of housework in the United States and Sweden from the mid-1970s to 2000. Data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) were used. Overall results indicate that housework is truly gendered work in both countries during the entire period. Even so, the results also indicate that gender deviance neutralization is more pronounced in the United States than in Sweden. Unlike Swedish women, American women seem to increase their time spent in housework when their husbands are to some extent economically dependent on them, as if to neutralize the presumed gender deviance. Divorce and Labour Market Outcomes. Do Women Suffer or Gain? In this paper, the interconnected nature of work and family is studied by looking at labour market outcomes after divorce. The data used are retrospective work and family histories collected in LNU 1991. A hazard regression model with competing risks reveals that women’s chances of improving their occupational prestige appear to be better after divorce compared to before. Increased working hours and perhaps also increased energy invested in the job may pay off in better occupational opportunities. Worth noting, however, is that the outcome among women with a less firm labour market attachment is more often to a job of lower prestige than one of higher prestige. Hence, the labour market outcome for women after divorce is to some extent conditioned by their labour market attachment at the time of divorce. Men, on the other hand, in most cases seem to suffer occupationally from divorce. For separated men the risk of negative changes in occupational prestige is greater than for cohabiting men. Formal On-the-job Training. A Gender-Typed Experience and Wage- Related Advantage? Formal on-the-job training (FOJT) can have a positive impact on wages and on promotion opportunities. According to theory and earlier research, a two-step model of gender inequality in FOJT is predicted: First, women are less likely than men to take part in FOJT and, second, once women do get the more remunerative training, they are not rewarded for their new skills to the same extent as men are. Pooled cross-sectional data from the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions (ULF) in the mid-nineties were used. Results show that women are significantly less likely than men to take part in FOJT. Among those who do receive training, women are more likely to take part in industry-specific training, whereas men are more likely to participate in general training and training that increases promotion opportunities. The two latter forms of training significantly raise a man’s annual earnings but not a woman’s. Hence, the theoretical model is supported and it is argued that this gender inequality is partly due to employers’ discriminatory practices.

This study was the foundation for an evaluation of an employment project in Sweden. The project offers occupations in carpentry as well as kitchen work for people with psychiatric disorders, substance abuse and other social difficulties. This studies purpose was to analyze the projects significance to its participants and also to distinguish weather the project influences the participant’s life in a professional or private way. The methodological tool was five qualitative interviews with the participants and three qualitative interviews with the employees. The theoretical framework was Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of human development.  Results of the study showed that the employment project has had a notable value for its participants, in a professional as well as in a private way. By using the bioecological model of human development, we have also gained an understanding of how the project creates new roles for the participants. We found that interpersonal relationships emerged throughout the project. These relationships, which had a positive influence on the participants, were established between the participants and the employees as well as among the members themselves. In conclusion, the support given by the employees has had a deep impact on the participants’ developmental processes.