published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

本研究以台北市為範圍，旨在探討國民中學校長與教師對組織氣氛的知覺是否因某些 人口變項和環境變項不同而有顯著差異，以期對教育行政提出建言，供有關單位參考 。因此，本研究從文獻探討著手，希望了解下列問題： （一）、理論方面 １•組織氣氛的性質、形成與內涵，及類型為何？ ２•組織氣氛的測量途徑及工具為何？ ３•組織氣氛的有關研究為何？ （二）、調查分析方面 １•台北市國民中學組織氣氛的開放情形。２•不同性別、年齡、到職年數，和教育 背景的校長對組織氣份知覺是否有顯著差異。３•不同性別、年齡、任教年資、科目 、職務，及教育背景的教師對組織氣氛知覺是否有顯著差異。４•校長與教師對學校 組織氣氛的知覺是否會因校長到校任職年數的長短而有顯著差異。５•校長與教師對 學校組織氣氛的知覺是否會因學校班級數的不同而有顯著差異。６•校長與教師對學 校氣氛的知覺是否會因校長、教師、學生三者性別組成的不同而有顯著差異。 為求有效測量學校組織氣氛，本研究採調查研究法，編製「國民引學組織氣氛描述問 卷」為調查工具，以台北市六十一所國民中學為研究對象，抽取６１位校長，及６０ ８位教師進行問卷調查。回收結果，計有效樣本為校長５３位，教師３６３位。然後 將所得資料經編碼、登錄處理後，利用Ｔ考驗與單因子變異數分析法進行ＳＰＳＳＸ 統計分析，以求歸納結論，形成建議。 本文計分五章撰寫。依序為「緒論」、「文獻探討」、「研究設計與實施」、「調查 結果的分析與討論」、「結論、檢討與建議」。

本研究以台北市為範圍，旨在探討國民中學校長領導型式和學校行校人員工作滿意的 情形，並分析學校行政人員個人因素與其工作滿意度的關係及求證校長領導型式與學 校行政人員工作滿意的相關情形，以期就「增加領導效能」與「提高學校行政人員工 作滿意度」兩方面提出建議，以供有關方面參考。 本研究從文獻探討著手，瞭解校長領導型式的理論基礎、測量、及其相關研究與發現 ，及影響學校行人員工作滿足之個人因素；然後從事實際調查。 研究對象是以台北市國民中學之學校行政人貝為範圍，依據班級數大小分為三級，每 級抽取大校，共計三十所，發出問卷９２２份，計得有效問卷６４６份，合計回收率 是７０•０６％。經將所得資料依編號、登錄處理後，利用Ｔ考驗與單因子變異數分 析法進行ＳＰＳＳx 套裝程式的統計分析，以求歸納結論，提出建議。 本研究共計五章。第一章緒論，旨在闡述研究動機與目的，提出研究問題與假設，確 定範圍與步驟等。第二章為文獻探討，分別就工作滿足、領導型式、與個人因素等三 方面詳加探討，作為本研究理論依據。第三章為研究設計與實施，分別就研究樣本的 選取、使用工具和資料處理方式提出說明。第四章結果與討論。第五章結論與建議， 乃就研究結果發現，提出結論與建議，俾供參考。 研究結果發現：（１）學校行政人貝工作滿意確因校長領導型式之不同而有所差異； （２）學校行政人員工作滿足確因其個人因素不同而有所差異。 據此本研究建議：１•為提高學校行政人員之工作滿意度，應從工作環境、薪資調整 、升遷管道、工成本身在職進修等方面加以改善，２•校長身為一校之長，應定時施 以新觀念，使校長能以「高關懷、高領導」的領導型式來治理學校，使領導不只要達 到組織目標，更要兼顧到個人需求。

本研究首先經由文獻探討瞭解學校行政組織結構的意涵、學校組織再造的相關概念及臺北縣國民中學行政組織的現況，復以臺北縣國民中學校長、現任行政人員及曾兼行政現為教師的候用校長爲研究對象，並以自編之「臺北縣國民中學行政組織再造調查問卷」進行問卷調查，以瞭解其對臺北縣國民中學組織再造之各種策略實施的意見，最後再訪問九十二學年度臺北縣四所試辦國中的校長或承辦主任，以明瞭其試辦動機、執行過程及遭遇之困境等。期能透過問卷調查及訪談方式蒐集相關資料，以提供有價值的資訊，作為主管教育行政機關對於國民中小學進行組織再造之法令修訂與制度規劃，或學者進行相關研究之參考。 本研究根據文獻探討、問卷調查與訪談結果，歸納以下結論： 壹、 對學校行政組織各處組及基本職掌之調整意見 一 建議於教務處增設「研究發展組」或「課研組」等。 二 認同訓導處之設置，但建議更名為「學生事務處」。 三 認同「維持」總務處之設處分組。 四 除有建議將輔導處更名為「諮商中心」、「學生諮商中心」、「輔導事務處」外，亦有建議將其廢除，而將所屬各組業務分別依業務性質轉移至相關處室或併入相關組。 貳、 五成以上的受試者認同設備組長、資訊組長、註冊組長可由「專任學校行政人員擔任」。 參、 七成以上受試者認同「各校在總員額不變的前提下，彈性調整專任、兼任、委外與聘僱人力」。 肆、 五成以上的受試者認同學校在實施組織再造時，可以「檢視工作項目、精簡行政流程」、「依據學校需求，調整行政組織」、「爭取社會資源，改善辦學環境」、「依照教學需要，聘用支援人員」、「善用資訊網路，建構網路平台」之策略為之。 伍、 大多數受試者認同「與教學無關的行政工作，採勞務外包處理」。 陸、 約七成六的受試者不認同主計、人事合署辦公。 柒、 約八成受試者認同遴聘兼任教師；約六成九的受試者不認同遴聘巡迴教師；約五成二的受試者不認同數校共聘教師。 最後，根據上述研究結論，提出具體建議，以供教育行政機關、學校行政及未來研究之參考。 / First all, this research adopts literature review to probe into the condition of school administrative structure, relevant concepts of school organizational reconstruction, and the current situation of administration of Taipei County junior high schools. Then research objects are school principal, incumbent administrators and people who were ever being concurrently administrative teachers before, and use author’s compilation, “Taipei County Administrative Organization Reconstruction Questionnaire” for survey to figure out relevant opinions of Taipei County junior high school organization reconstruction. Finally, visiting headmasters or directors of four testing Taipei County junior high schools in the academic year 2003 can try to understand the motivation of trial, the process of execution, and difficulties they have experienced etc. It expects that questionnaire and interview method of collecting the related data can provide valuable information to chief education administrative organization as a reference for revising regulation and system planning of junior high school organizational reconstruction, or scholar’s relevant research. According to literature review, questionnaire, the result of interview, conclusion are summarized as the followings: 1. Adjustment opinion for each location and section of school administrative organization and basic duty a. Suggest Dean's Office to add “Research Development Team” or “Course Research Team” etc. b. Recognize Education Guidance Section set up, but suggest changing name as “Student Affair Section”. c. Recognize to “keep” disciplinary section of general administration section. d. Besides suggestion of changing name as “Consultation Center”, “Student Consultation Center”, and “Guidance Affair Section”, it also suggests that abolishes it and transfers to the related section which bases on business character or merge into the related section. 2. There is more than 50% of interviewers cognize facility section director, information section director, registration office director that can replace by full-time school administrative personnel. 3. There is more than 70% of interviewers who think that “under the unchanged of total prescribed number in each school, it can be flexible to adjust as full time, part time, subcontracting, and hiring human resource”. 4. There is more than 50% of interviewers who recognize can “Evaluate task item, simplified administrative process”, “Adjust administrative organization according to school requirement”, “Get social resource and improve school establishment environment”, “Hire assistants according to teaching requirement”, “Cherish information network and set up network platform” etc policies when executing organizational reconstruction. 5. The majority interviewers recognize “Administrative task which is not related to teaching and apply labor service a process of contract”. 6. The majority interviewers don’t recognize that auditing department and human resource department shall be together in an office. 7. There is more than 80% of interviewers recognize to select or hire part-time teachers; around 69% of interviewers don’t think to select circulating teachers; and around 52% of interviewers don’t think to hire teachers together in several schools. In short, according to the above research result, it proposes concrete suggestions to provide education administrative organization, school administration, and the future research as a reference.

本研究旨在探查台灣國中基本學力測驗英語科之內容效度，以期了解國中基本學力測驗英語科之試題內容是否達到出題者宣稱之目的，進而對英語教師、教育學者、學生、及社會大眾能有啟示作用。 本研究兼採質及量的分析方法。質的研究取自51位現任國中英語教師之專業判斷，以2003年第一次國中基測英語試題為例，從課本的符合程度、學校教學、學校評量、試題難易度等四方面逐題審視國中基測與教學之相關程度，及問卷調查此51位教師對國中基測與課程標準之總目標、分項目標、基測命題原則、及學力指標之看法，透過Aiken之效度指數檢測是否達到顯著。量的研究取自台灣四所國中共1204位畢業生在校三年之英語段考平均成績分別與國中基測英語原始分數之相關。 研究結果顯示：國中基本學力測驗英語科具有內容效度。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the content validity of Basic Competence Test (BCT) in English, hoping to verify whether or not the test reaches what the tester claims to test, and further promote a better understanding of BCT toward teachers, students, educators and the public. This study adopts both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Fifty-one qualified junior high school teachers examine the relationship between BCT’s items and curricular instruction from textbook coverage, instruction, evaluation, and item difficulty. They also offer their perceptions toward BCT from the content domain the tester claims to test, i.e. the general and specific objectives of Curriculum Standards, test principles from the BCT Center, and Core Competence Indicators. Aiken’s Validity Index checks if items are significantly content valid. Computing the correlation coefficient between 1204 students’ academic scores of monthly tests for three years at four schools and BCT’s raw scores does the quantitative analysis. The result of this study indicates that first BCT items have high accordance with curricular instruction. Second, students’ performance at school correlates highly to that on BCT. Third, what the BCT Center claims to test is highly acclaimed by the junior high school teachers. In other words, BCT’s content validity is established.

校長是學校的掌舵者，也是形塑學校組織文化的導引者。研究想透過四大研究問題（一）榮獲六項特優之校長如何擬定校務發展計畫及學校願景。（二）榮獲六項特優之校長主要的領導理念、如何帶領學校同仁達成預期發展目標。（三）榮獲六項特優之校長如何促使學校行政、教師會及家長會良性互動，共創三贏。（四）榮獲六項特優之校長的用人哲學。瞭解校務評鑑榮獲六項特優學校校長領導之特性。 本研究採深度訪談法，以榮獲臺北市國中校務評鑑六項皆特優之校長為訪談對象，輔以研究者自行設計之開放式問卷，請六所學校各一位主任、組長、教師與家長，分別就其所觀察校長領導之作為，協助填答，研究結論如下： 一、校長高瞻遠矚，都把學校願景與校務發展目標弄清楚，所有問題看短程、中程及長程三個方向。 二、學校組織的控制與管理，有了願景與校務發展目標、有人員、有組織，要如何控管？問題來了要怎麼解決？都能列出問題的先後緩急，並提出解決之道，達成預期目標。 三、 要了解學校組織結構文化，並與社區家長建立良好關係。學校組織注重的就是團隊合作，整合協調團體的力量，才能共創三贏。 四、 要知人善任，激勵同仁，充分了解學校同仁努力及所獲得的成果，多鼓勵、多獎賞，提供資源，支持同仁改革創新。 本研究建議如下： ㄧ、以校長評鑑制度及提供師傅校長的支持系統，促進校長專業成長與獲得應有的協助。 二、建立正確領導理念，要有好的領導績效，可從願景、品格、人性、學習、影響力等方向努力。 三、努力修練成為第五級領導人，除堅持教育專業理念外，應以人性關懷的謙和態度，耐心傾聽與接納同仁、家長意見。 四、堅守用人唯才原則，盡心盡力，無愧良知。 / A principal is the head of a school and a director who shapes the school culture. This study attempts to understand the characteristics of the leadership of principals of six Taipei municipal junior high schools evaluated as excellent in school affairs. This study explores four research questions: 1. How do these principals devise their plans of school affairs development and their school vision? 2. What are the main leading concepts of these principals and how do these principals achieve their goals with their staff? 3. How do these principals encourage good interaction among the school administration, the Teachers Association, and the Parents Association? 4. What are the employment concepts of these principals? The in-depth interviews are used as the research method in this study. Six principals are interviewed. Their junior high schools are evaluated as excellent in school affairs. In addition, an open questionnaire devised by me is answered by one office director, one section chief, one teacher, and one parent of each school. Through their observation of their principal’s leadership, they filled out the questionnaires. The conclusions are as in the following: 1. These principals see far and think big. Their school visions and school development goals are very clear. They see everything in three directions: the short-term, mid-term and long-term. 2. With the visions and school development goals, with employees and organizations, these principals know exactly how to control and manage the school organization, and they know how to solve problems. They can always solve problems according to their priority and achieve their goals. 3. These principals understand the school culture. They establish good relationship with parents and the community. Team work is the focus of their school organizations. Good integration and coordination is the key to win-win situation. 4. These principals know how to choose the right person for the right position. They understand how hard the staff works and how great are their efforts. With appreciation and encouragement, they know how to inspire the staff, how to provide resources to the staff, and how to support the staff to try something new. The suggestions of this study are as in the following: 1. The principal evaluation system and the support system of “the master principal” should be established to help principals’ professional development. 2. Good leadership effects come from correct leadership concepts. Principals can try to improve their visions, characters, personality, learning, and influences. 3. Principals should try hard to be the fifth-grade leaders. In addition to their professional concepts, they should listen to and accept opinions from staff and parents with modest attitude. 4. Principals should employ the right person for the right position. They should always try their best and follow their conscience.

本研究旨在瞭解北部五縣市國民中學總務主任工作壓力及因應策略的現況。以北部五縣市公立國民中學總務主任為問卷普查對象，共回收214份有效問卷，以SPSS12.0視窗中文版進行資料分析，再施以半結構式訪談，以輔助調查研究之不足，根據分析結果與訪談所得，提出建議。本研究之結論： 一、北部五縣市國民中學總務主任整體的工作壓力感受，屬於中等程度以上，對因應策略的使用狀況偏高。 二、在不同背景變項與工作壓力的關係上： （一）「30歲以下」的總務主任其工作壓力感受較強。 （二）「30歲以下」的總務主任其工作壓力感受較強。 （三）未婚總務主任所感受到的壓力，高於已婚的總務主任。 （四）「任總務主任年資未滿1年」的總務主任工作壓力感受較強。 （五）教育背景不同的總務主任工作壓力有差異。 （六）「偏遠地區」的總務主任工作壓力感受較強。 （七）「12班以下」的總務主任工作壓力感受較強。 三、不同背景的國民小學總務主任壓力因應策略分析： 壓力因應策略的使用上，不因性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育背景、任總務主任年資、學校所在地以及學校班級數等因素不同而有所差異。 四、不同壓力感受的總務主任壓力因應策略的分析： 　　工作壓力各層面感受高壓力組的總務主任在因應策略使用的得分顯著高於低壓力組。 最後依據上述的發現與結論，提出對國中總務主任、校長、教育行政主管機關的建議，以供參考。 一、對國中總務主任的建議 （一）增長專業知能，加強專業進修。 （二）落實權責分明，明確職務代理。 （三）強化工友技能，提昇工作績效。 （四）善用壓力對策，化壓力為助力。 二、對校長的建議 （一）訂定輪調制度，增進凝聚力量 （二）建立領導風範，加強溝通授權。 （三）運用獎勵措施，激發工作潛能。 （三）營造優質環境，減少雜務干擾。 三、對教育行政主管機關的建議 （一）修定相關法令，合理配置人力。 （二）加強知識管理，提升行政品質。 （三）成立營繕機構，專責辦理採購。 （四）建立人力資源，因應人力精簡。 （五）精簡公文報表，強化統合視導。 （六）開辦知能研習，增長專業知能。 / A Study on the Job Stress and Coping Strategy of the junior high Schools’ Directors of General Affairs in Northern Taiwan county . ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the job stress and coping strategy of the high schools’ directors of general affairs in Northern Taiwan county. This study adopted both of the questionnaires and interviews to achieve the purposes stated above. The focus group included 214 junior high schools’ directors of general affairs in Northern Taiwan county . Four major conclusions of this study were as follows: 1.Perception of job stress of the junior high schools’ directors of general affairs was above average. The coping strategies were used more frequently. 2.the connection between different background and job stress: (1) There were no significant difference about sensitivity with job stress between directors in gender (2) In “ job stress”, the directors of less 30 years old had higher sensitivity than the directors of 41-50 years old . (3) In “ job stress”, the directors of less one year experience had higher Sensitivity than the directors of 5-8 years experiences. (4) In “ job stress”, the single directors had higher sensitivity than the married directors. (5) The job stress that junior high schools’ directors of general affairs differs from different educational background (6) In “ job stress”, the directors of remote districts had higher Sensitivity than the directors of towns and villages . (7) In “ job stress”, the directors of less12 numbers of classes of the school had higher Sensitivity than the directors of over 60 numbers of classes of the school . 3. Analyzing coping strategy of the junior high schools’ directors of general affairs with different background: There were no significant differences about ways of coping between junior high schools’ directors of general affairs in gender,age,marriage,educational backgrounds,years of service,service area,size of school enrollment. 4.Analyzing coping strategy of the directors with different perception of job stress: In coping strategy, the groups with higher sensitivity about “job stress ” got higher point than the groups with lower sensitivity.

本研究旨在探討國民中學校長透明化優勢領導與學校混沌動力系統之間的關係。除探討國民中學校長透明化優勢領導、學校混沌動力系統的內涵及現況，瞭解教育人員人口變項及學校背景變項在校長透明化優勢領導及學校混沌動力系統得分的差異情形外，亦分析校長透明化優勢領導與學校混沌動力系統之相關程度，並探討校長透明化優勢領導對學校混沌動力系統的預測情形。 本研究係以台灣地區之國民中學教育人員為研究對象，以「國民中學校長透明化優勢領導與學校混沌動力系統調查問卷」為工具進行研究，內含基本資料、國民中學校長透明化優勢領導問卷及學校混沌動力系統問卷三部分，具有良好的信度、效度。正式施測有效樣本502位，分別以描述分析、t考驗、變異數分析、積差相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析，並得到以下數項結論： 一、國民中學教育人員在知覺「校長透明化優勢領導問卷」的總得分上，屬於中上程度，在各向度之得分中，以「誠實至上」最高，最低則是「勇於認錯」。國民中學教育人員在「學校混沌動力系統問卷」的總得分上，亦屬於中上程度，在各向度之得分中，以「回饋機制」最高，最低則是「亂中求序」。 二、教育人員人口變項與學校背景變項中，性別、年齡、服務年資、職務及區域在校長透明化優勢領導問卷上，均具有顯著差異，僅學歷無顯著差異。 三、教育人員人口變項與學校背景變項中，性別、年齡、服務年資、職務及區域在學校混沌動力系統問卷上，均具有顯著差異，僅學歷無顯著差異。 四、教育人員知覺校長透明化優勢領導問卷之得分中，低、中、高三組在整體學校混沌動力系統及學校混沌動力系統各向度上，均有顯著差異；同時，不論在整體學校混沌動力系統或各向度的得分上，高分組均顯著優於中、低分組；中分組顯著優於低分組。 五、校長透明化優勢領導及各向度，與學校混沌動力系統及各向度間呈現出顯著的正相關，亦即教育人員知覺校長透明化優勢領導行為愈高，則校長經營學校混沌動力系統之能力也愈佳。 六、在探討校長透明化優勢領導各向度中，以鼓勵讚賞、傳達警訊、信守承諾、勇於認錯、卸下防禦及沈著鎮靜等六者對學校混沌動力系統之聯合預測力最佳，尤以鼓勵讚賞最具有預測力。 最後，本研究擬根據上述研究結果進行分析討論，以形成結論及建議，並提供教育行政機關、國民中學校長及未來相關研究之參考。 / The purposes of this study were to explore relationships between principal's transparency edge leading and chaotic dynamical system in junior high school. The fist were to explore the reality for principal's transparency edge leading and chaotic dynamical system in schools. Secondary, the researcher also investigated the differences of school staff’s demographic variables and schools' background variables among principal's transparency edge leading and chaotic dynamical system in schools. Thirdly, to analyze the relationships among principal's transparency edge leading and chaotic dynamical system in schools. Finally, to explore predictive power of principal's transparency edge leading on chaotic dynamical system in schools. This study employed the survey method. The subject were 502 educational staff randomly sample from 70 junior high schools in Taiwan island. Data were analyzed using the method of descriptive and inferential statistics, included Frequencies, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation analysis, and Multiple stepwise regression analysis. The major findings were： 1. There is above average perception for principal's transparency edge leading and chaotic dynamical system in schools among the junior high school staff. 2. Significant difference existed among the gender, age, seniority, position, and district for principal's transparency edge leading. 3. Significant difference existed among the gender, age, seniority, position, and district for chaotic dynamical system in schools. 4. Significant difference existed among low, middle, and high teachers' perception of principal's transparency edge leading for chaotic dynamical system in schools. 5. Significant positive correlation between principal's transparency edge leading and chaotic dynamical system in schools. 6. In regression forecast of principal's transparency edge leading to chaotic dynamical system in schools, especially the variable of “encouragement and applause” has the biggest predictability. Based on the results of this study, to make some suggestions for educational administration, the junior high school principals and future study.

本研究旨在瞭解屏東縣國民中學家長會之運作，並分析不同規模與所在地學校其家長會運作情況，最後依據研究結果，提出建議，做為學校經營者辦學之參考。 本研究的目的為：一、探討「學校家長會」組織的功能。二、瞭解屏東縣國民中學家長會運作的現況。三、瞭解屏東縣國民中學家長會運作的問題。四、分析影響屏東縣國民中學家長會運作因素及改進之道。五、根據研究結果提出建議，供教育行政機關、學校行政人員、家長及相關人員參考。 本研究以屏東縣國民中學家長會為研究範圍，針對家長會運作的現況做深入的探討，以問卷為研究的方法，分析不同規模類型學校家長會異同及其影響因素，藉以瞭解屏東縣國民中學家長會運作之概況。問卷題目為研究者自編，依據本研究需要，將樣本背景變項設定為性別、學校規模、學校所在地區、家長會職務、學校職務等五項。研究對象採普查方式調查屏東縣38所國民中學學校家長會，每校寄發學校人員專用問卷三份，請學校校長、負責家長會業務處室主任、家長會幹事填答；家長會成員專用問卷三份，請家長會會長、家長委員2員填答；總計學校人員部分寄發114份問卷，家長會成員部分寄發114份問卷，共計228份問卷。所得資料經整理後，以次數分配與百分比、卡方考驗及複選題分析等統計方法分析資料。 本研究主要結論如下： 一、屏東縣國民中學家長會的運作，多數未能完全依照「屏東縣各級學校家長會設置辦法」行事。 二、屏東縣國中學家長會組織運作之正面功能，多於負面功能。 三、屏東縣國民中學不同規模的學校家長會運作差異：（一)每年家長會召開會議的次數有達到法定標準者，除30班以上學校高達83.3%，其他學校，均未達一半。（二)不論學校規模大小，其家長費經費來源多依靠「學生繳交的家長會費」、「家長的捐款」及「家長委員的捐款」，其三者佔的比例均相當。 四、屏東縣國民中學不同所在地(屏東市、鄉鎮、原住民地區)的學校家長會運作的差異：（一)每年家長會召開會議的次數有達到法定標準者，屏東市學校，則高達100%。（二)經費來源，屏東市學校，均以「家長委員的捐款」比例最高，鄉鎮及原住民學校則以「學生繳交的家長會費」、「家長的捐款」及「家長委員的捐款」為主，三者佔的比例均相同。（三)原住民學校有很高的比例，完全沒有捐款。 五、屏東縣國民中學家長會運作面臨的困難主要有：「經費不足」、「學校安排活動的時間，常常不利家長的參與」、「家長委員熱心不足」及「家長委員不熟悉運作模式及教育理念不足，無法有效參與。」 六、屏東縣國民中學家長會組織的改善之道主要有：「建立一套具體可行之法令，做為家長會運作之依據」、「地方教育局與家長會共同辦理家長委員訓練」、「家長會成員應不限於家長，可加入熱心的社區人士」、「成立地方性，全國性家長會團體組織，成為支持體系」。 七、屏東縣國民中學家長會運作的改善之道主要為：「配合家長時間，提升家長委員參與校務的出席率」為主，其次為「辦理家長委員研習，提升其參與校務的知能」，其餘依序為：「辦理教育訓練，提高家長會成員素質」、「營造支持家長會參與校務的氣氛」及「建立家長會獎勵辦法，獎勵推動家長會有功人員」。 八、調查結果顯示：多數贊成屏東縣各國民中學共同成立聯合家長會與建議訂定「家長參與教育法」做為家長會運作的法源基礎。 最後依據研究結論提出建議以供教育行政、學校以及家長會相關人員參考，並對未來後續研究等方面提出具體建議。 關鍵字：屏東縣國民中學、家長會、家長會運作 / The aim of this research is to understand the operation of junior high school parents’ association of Pingtung County, to analyze the function of it in different school varied in scale and location, and, ultimately, to put forth the conclusion as a reference for principle executive decision, which is routed in the research. The purpose of this research is to: A, inquire into the function of “parents’ association” organization, B, understand how the current conditions that the junior high school parent of Pingtung County operate, C, understand what the problem will the junior high school parent of Pingtung County come across, D, analyze which of the factors influence the parents’ association and how to improve it, and, E put forth a suggestion based on the research as a guide line for educational administration organization, the administrative personnel of the school, and the parents and related personnel. This research covered all the junior high school parent of Pingtung County and did a deep survey aiming at understanding the operating situation of parents’ association in Pingtung County by questionnaire and influencing factors analyzing debate on types and scales of parents’ association, try to understand the system function of parents’ association in Pingtung County. The questionnaire the oriented from researcher, which is designed for fitting the purpose of this research, set the variable of the sample background into: sex, school scale, school place region, parents’ association duty, and school duty. The research object adopts a census method to investigate 38 junior high school parents’ association in Pingtung County, by mailing 3 copies of questionnaire for 3 school personnel, which are principle, the chairman of the parents’ association affairs of school, and executive officer of parents’ association of school, and 3 copies for members of parents’ association, which are the chairman of parents’ association and 2 other members. We collect 114 questionnaires from each party and have 228 copies totally. After sorting and calculating, we analyze the data with number of times allotment, percentage, Chi-Fung square test, the indirect election analysis, and the covariance method. The main conclusions are as follows: First of all, the majority of the operation of association of junior high school parent in Pingtung County can not completely obey the “rule for all levels of school parents of Pingtung County”. Second, Pingtung County parents’ association is much more positive function than negative. Third, there is difference between parents’ association of levels of junior high school in Pingtung County. (A) the number of times of meeting the parent will convene every year have already reached the legal standard, the rate of more than 30 classes schools are up to 83.3%, others have not reach a half. (B) In spite of scale size of the school, its parent fee budget source depends on “parents’ membership dues that the student hands in”, contributing money of parent”, and “contributing money of parents’ member of committee”, each of them is equally one third. Fourth, the school parent of junior high school location (ex. Pingtung City, village, or the region of aborigine) in Pingtung County will make huge difference. (A) The number of times of meeting the parent will convene every year have already reached the legal standard in Pingtung City School, and then be up to 100%. (B) the budget, source, Pingtung City school, all” parent the number of committee contribute money” rate is the highest, village and the school of aborigine then take “the membership dues of the parent whom the student hands in”, “the parent contribute money”, and “parent the member of committee contribute money” as majority source, each of them is equally the same. (C) There is very high rate of aboriginal school didn’t collect any money. Fifth, the junior high school parent of Pingtung County will face the difficulty such as” budget shortage”,” time arrangement of school enabling the participation of the parent”,” low enthusiasm parent association member”, and” not acquaint with the operating mode or short in foresight to effectively participate”. Sixth, the ways to improve the organizational defect are” build up a set of ordinance that concretely working as a basis of parent association guide line”,” local bureau of education and parent altogether held the parent association training”,” parent association members could be selected from non-parent and open for warmhearted neighbor”, and”fund a local or national parents’ association to be a strong back-up system”. Seventh, the ways to improve the operational defect are” first of all, fix the school schedule to fit the parents’ leisure time to enhance the participation of parents”,”second,carry out a parent association member study to improve their ability to participate in school administration”,and”carry out a training to enhance the quality of parents’ association”,then”try to support and encourage the parents to participate the school affair”,finally”build a reward system to praise the enthusiastic parents”. Eighth, the research shows that: the majority of all approve to co-establish “parent participation education rule” by both school personnel and parents to be the legal basis for parent to participating school affaire and parent association in Pingtung County. Finally, here I present some concretely advice for educational administration, school personels,amd parents to be some guide line, and also direct some possible suggestion as future survey direction. Key word:Pingtung County junior high school, parent’s association, working of parents’ association

本研究旨在探討台北市國中生的家庭背景與民主價值的關連性研究，希望藉由政治社會化相關理論來瞭解不同家庭背景的政治文化差異是否影響國中生的政治社會化行為。 本研究是採分層及立意抽樣法，同時是研究者自行抽樣，礙於經費以及人力 的限制，所以根據研究者所研擬的研究架構自行抽樣，施測總人數為795人。依 據研究假設，筆者自行設計一份「臺北市國中生政治社會化問卷」，依本研究設 計，除於問卷開頭說明本問卷的調查目的、作答原則以及隱私之保密外，第一部 份為「政治興趣」、「家庭民主程度」、「家庭決策模式」、「家庭政治化程度」； 第二部分為「政治信任感」；第三部份為「國家認同」；第四部分為「民主價值」； 第五部分為「基本資料」。使用的統計方法採用描述性統計分析、信度分析、單 因子變異數分析、相關係數分析、迴歸分析等統計方法處理。 本研究共有以下幾點發現: 一、國中生家庭的民主程度及家庭的政治化程度與其政治興趣及民主價值有統計上的顯著相關。 二、國中生的年級高低會影響其政治興趣：在「年級」這個測量指標當中，高 年級的學生的政治興趣與低年級的學生的政治興趣具有顯著的差異，其中 高年級的政治興趣明顯高於低年級的政治興趣。 三、政治興趣與民主價值的關聯性:國中生的政治興趣高低會影響其民主價值高 低，國中生的政治興趣與民主價值兩者具有顯著的關聯性，而且在相對上 是對民主價值較具影響力的因素。 / The research aims at dealing with the relation between family background and democratic values of junior high school students in Taipei City. And hope to use the political socialization theory to understand whether the behaviors of political socialization of junior high school students will be influenced by different family backgrounds with political and cultural differences. The stratified and cluster sampling are applied, and purposive sampling sampling is conducted as well because of the limited budget and manpower. According to the research hypotheses, a questionnaire is designed and 705 valid questionnaires are returned out from 795 questionnaires. At the beginning of the questionnaire, the purpose of the research, the principles of answering questions and the promise of secrecy are explained. The first part focuses on “political interest,” “the level of democracy within the family,” “family strategy model,” “the level of politicization within the family; ” the second part focuses on “sense of political trust;” the third part focuses on“national identification,” and the fourth and fifth part focus on “democratic values” and “background information” respectively. The research uses the following analytical methods: the description covariance, reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and the regression analysis. Major findings from the research are as follows: First, statistics show that there is a positive relationship among the level of democracy within the family, the level of politicization within the family, political interest and democratic values for junior high school students. Second, among junior high school students, seniors have more intense political interest than juniors. Third, for junior high school students, there is a positive correlation between political interest and democratic values. Relatively speaking, political interest will be a more influential factor to democratic values.