The problem of this study was to test and compare the impact of two alternative educational treatments on the rate of success among high-risk students enrolled in the United States History telecourse at Richland College, DCCCD during the Spring Semester of 1980. The purposes of the study were to determine whether 1. The rate of success, that is, the proportion of students completing the course with a grade of "C" or higher, would increase among high-risk students in either experimental group; 2. The rate of success would increase among high-risk students with poor reading skills in either experimental group; 3. The rate of success would increase among high-risk students with poor academic motivation for telecourses in either experimental group; 4. The rate of success would increase among high-risk students when related to the demographic variables used as predictors and collected for the students who were in either experimental group; 5. There would be a difference in the effects of experimental treatment I and experimental treatment II in helping students with poor reading skills to complete the course with a grade of "C" or higher; 6. There would be a difference in the effects of experimental treatment I and experimental treatment II in aiding students with different levels and types of motivation to complete the course with a grade of "C" or higher; 7. There would be a difference in the effects of experimental treatment I and experimental treatment II in helping students with the various demographic characteristics used in the prediction equation to complete the course with a grade of "C" or higher.

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de vérifier si la dernière réforme de l’Académie française (1990) a changé l’orthographe des mots, afin de les rendre moins étymologiques au profit d’une orthographe plus phonétique. Au XIVème siècle, des lettres étymologiques ont été insérées dans la langue française pour lui conférer une stabilité. Dès la naissance de l’Académie française en 1694, celle-ci a voulu les préserver. Mais depuis 1990, elle est accusée d'appauvrir la langue française parce qu’elle aurait ôté ces lettres étymologiques muettes des mots réformés. Par l'intermédiaire d’un corpus dictionnairique (CNRTL, 1-9 éditions de l’Académie) nous évaluerons la véracité de ces accusations en analysant une dizaine de mots rectifiés, en guise d’exemples, pour examiner si une perte étymologique est constatée. Cette méthodologie se rapproche de celle d’André Goosse dans La « nouvelle » orthographe : Exposé et commentaires. Suite à l’analyse nous pouvons en déduire que 50% des mots étudiés ont perdu des lettres étymologiques pour une graphie plus phonétique. Étant donné que ce pourcentage est élevé et que ces lettres n’ont plus de fonction linguistique, l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’Académie s’est débarrassée d’un maximum des lettres étymologiques est plausible mais une étude sur l’ensemble des 2 400 mots réformés est nécessaire pour la vérifier. / The objective of this study is to verify whether the last reform of the French Academy (1990) changed the spelling of words in order to make them less etymological in favor of a more phonetic spelling. In the 14th century, etymological letters were inserted into the French language to give it stability and since the creation of the French Academy in 1634, it has wanted to preserve them. But since 1990 the Academy has been accused of impoverishing the French language because it would have removed these silent etymological letters from reformed words. Through a dictionary corpus (CNRTL, 1-9 éditions de l'Académie), we will assess the veracity of these accusations by analyzing ten rectified words, as examples, to examine whether an etymological loss is noted. This methodology is similar to that of André Goosse in La « nouvelle » orthographe: Exposé and commentaires Following the analysis we can deduce that 50% of the words studied have lost etymological letters for a more phonetic spelling. Given that this percentage is high and that these letters no longer have a linguistic function, the hypothesis according to which the Academy got rid of a maximum of the etymological letters is plausible but a study on all 2400 words reformed is necessary to verify it.

The subject of this paper is the experiences and observations of Lt. Edwin Best of the 618th Ordnance Ammunition Company from 1943 until 1946. This includes time in the United States, England and France. The primary sources for this paper include letters home from Lt. Best and an oral history transcript. Secondary sources have been used to place Lt. Best into the overall context of the war. He made keen observations regarding the level of training before D-Day, comparisons of life in England and the US, from the "communications zone" in Normandy, as a temporary Judge Advocate General officer, and finishing the war in Southern France. Though he may not have been on the front line, or in an HQ, his comments are valuable to the historical record.

The Swedish curriculum regarding upper secondary education defines that in 2022, “sexuality, consent and relationships”, will have a greater impact in the curriculum and in the education than earlier. It is the school’s responsibility that each student gather knowledge within this subject. Each teacher should also discuss with the students how notions regarding what is considered female and male, defines and affects individuals’ opportunities.  This study will investigate how friends during the years 1880-1920 in Västergötland, communicated norms and values regarding gender, sexuality, marriage, and relationships. The results are based on four collections of letters, written by young adults to their friends. The sources are analysed through discourse analysis and discussed with Connell’s gender theory and earlier research within the field.  The results show that the young letter writers give expression to norms regarding marriage, and most of them claim that marriage is a natural way of life. The result also show that marriage is not always the purpose of relationships among the young adults, and that life can be enjoyed without a partner. The letters show how norms regarding what is considered male, and female are defined and redefined through interaction among the friends and that power relations regarding gender are quite equal among the youth during this time.

Работа посвящена изучению прагмастилистических особенностей деловых писем, в частности писем-рекламаций на английском и французском языках, их принципам составления и функционально-прагматической специфики. Материалом исследования выступают 50 писем-рекламаций на английском языке и 40 писем-рекламаций на французском языке. Аутентичные письма-рекламации привлекаются из документооборота компании «Белл'Ю», образцы оригинальных писем-рекламаций от физических лиц привлекаются из интернет-источников, также отобраны образцы писем специализированных сайтов. Результаты исследования и собранная коллекция писем-рекламаций могут быть использованы в преподавании ряда курсов и дисциплин по деловому английскому и французскому языкам: «Стилистика английского языка», «Стилистика французского языка», «Прагмалингвистика», «Практикум по культуре речевого общения (западный иностранный язык)», «Язык бизнеса», «Основы бизнес-коммуникации в полиязычной среде», «Межкультурная коммуникация» и др. в процессе подготовки будущих лингвистов, филологов, специалистов по ВЭД. Также результаты анализа могут быть использованы в исследовательской и переводческой практике при написании образцов писем-рекламаций. / The research is devoted to study of pragmatic features of business letters, in particular letters of complaint in English and French, their principles of composition and functional and pragmatic features. The material of the research includes 50 complaint letters in English and 40 complaint letters in French. Authentic letters of complaint are extracted from the document flow of the "Белл'Ю" company, samples of original letters of complaint from individuals are extracted from Internet sources, and samples of letters from specialized websites are also selected. The research results and the assembled collection of letters of complaint can be used in teaching courses and disciplines in business English and French: "The stylistics of the English language", "The stylistics of French language", "Pragmalinguistics", "Practical training on the culture of speech communication (Western foreign language)”, “Language of business”, “Fundamentals of business communication in a multilingual society”, “Intercultural communication”, etc. in training of future linguists, philologists, specialists in foreign economic activity. Also, the research results can be used in research and translation practice in writing sample letters of complaint.

Margaret Bayard Harrison Smith was a prominent member of early Washington City society from the time she and her husband, Samuel Harrison Smith, moved to the blossoming capital in 1800 until her death in 1844. As a longtime resident of Washington, Margaret spent most of her adult life navigating the unique socio-political waters of the capital and developing friendships with many of the most prominent politicians of her time. Mrs. Smith's writings provide firsthand accounts of several important political events including Congress' role in the election of 1800, Jefferson's first inauguration, Madison's first inauguration, and the destruction left by the British after the siege of Washington. Her writings also provide a picture of early undeveloped Washington City, where grand public buildings were largely surrounded by wilderness and connected by muddy roads. While this work looks at the social and political environment that Margaret Smith experienced, it also examines many of the personal concerns that frequented Mrs. Smith's writings. Margaret's views on educating her children, interacting with servants, interacting with the enslaved population of Washington, and dealing with feelings of isolation, due to the distance from her family, are frequently addressed in her letters. Focusing on these aspects of Mrs. Smith's writings allows for a greater examination of the societal norms of her day about gender, class, and race. While Margaret's letters and commonplace books have often been used to examine Washington society and the lives of her prominent friends, there is no biography of Mrs. Smith herself. This dissertation provides the first biography of Margaret Bayard Harrison Smith from her birth until the end of the War of 1812.

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