Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Furtado Gomes Riet Vargas_Dissertacao.pdf: 2928114 bytes, checksum: c3ca4bdc9e120162c0bc9e03e6ab6568 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / This research developed at the Program of Post-Graduate in Education, Federal University of Pelotas, in the field of Philosophy and History of Education, focuses on libertarian education in the early twentieth century, in Rio Grande. This was analyzed the actions of anarchists as social actors of a singular education, proposed to the workers. For both, there is the Report of the Municipality of Rio Grande, the anarchist newspaper O Nosso Verbo (The Our Word) and the Minutes, Cash Books and Reports Workers' Union Society. Take as the main basis for this study the texts produced by the militant workers of Rio Grande on education. To study the expressions of libertarian education, since its onset more consistent on the topic of education, newspaper Our Word. Just as the moment which takes advantage of the practical application of his ideas in the period of hegemony in the anarchist Workers Union Society and, therefore, the school maintained by that company. This work uses is the leading scholars of anarchism as George Woodcock and Silvio Gallo. Still seen as the most prominent educators classical anarchists (prior and contemporaneous our time delimitation), global and regional. / Esta pesquisa, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, na linha de Filosofia e História da Educação, enfoca a educação libertária, no início do século XX, na cidade de Rio Grande. Neste foi analisado a atuação dos anarquistas como atores sociais de uma educação singular, proposta para os trabalhadores. Para tanto, observa-se os Relatórios da Intendência Municipal de Rio Grande, o jornal anarquista O Nosso Verbo e as Atas, Livros-Caixa e Relatórios da Sociedade União Operária. Toma-se como base principal para este estudo os textos produzidos pelos militantes operários de Rio Grande sobre educação. Visando analisar as expressões libertárias sobre a educação, desde de suas primeiras manifestações mais consistente sobre o tema da educação, no jornal O Nosso Verbo. Assim como o momento que oportunizou a aplicação prática de seu ideário, no período de hegemonia anarquista na Sociedade União Operária e, por conseguinte, na escola mantida por esta sociedade. Este trabalho usa-se dos principais estudiosos do anarquismo como George Woodcock e Silvio Gallo. Ainda observa-se os mais destacados educadores anarquistas clássicos (anteriores e contemporâneos a nossa delimitação temporal), mundiais e regionais.

Ce travail s’intéresse au Mouvement anarchiste en Algérie pendant la période coloniale, attesté par la constitution de groupes politiques organisés et de la publication de journaux libertaires. Cette thèse souhaite renouveler l’approche historique de la colonisation française en Algérie. En effet, l’étude de l’anarchisme est capitale pour une compréhension totale du socialisme, des socialismes en situation coloniale. La première partie concerne l’histoire de l’anarchisme dans la durée par les différents groupes locaux attestés entre 1887 et 1962 (leur composition, leur militantisme, les trajectoires organisationnelles et personnelles ainsi que la répression étatique subie). La deuxième s’intéresse à l’ensemble des journaux publiés par les anarchistes d’Algérie entre 1890 et 1926 (l’analyse de la presse militante, les thématiques abordées dont les fondamentaux de l’anarchisme et la question coloniale). Enfin, la dernière partie tente d’établir un bilan de l’anarchisme politique en Algérie (la réception au sein de la population européenne et algérienne et la conséquence de cette présence politique sur ce territoire). A cet effet, les archives policières, la presse coloniale et les journaux anarchistes ont été consultés. / This work concerns the anarchist movement in Algeria during the period of colonial occupation, as manifested in organized political groups and published anarchist newspapers. It aims to expand the historical approach to French colonization in Algeria. In effect the study of anarchism is essential for understanding fully the nature of socialism and socialisms in the colonial context. The first part concerns the history of anarchism, as composed by different local groups between 1887 and 1962 (their composition, their activism, their organization, their membership, and the state repression they suffered). The second part concerns all anarchist newspapers published in Algeria between 1890 and 1926 (analysis of the militant press and themes about anarchist fundamentals and the colonial question). The last part seeks to present a balance sheet of anarchist politics in Algeria (reception among Europeans and Algerians and the result of its political presence in the territory). For this purpose, police archives, the colonial press, and anarchist newspapers were consulted.

No description available.

The author explores the traditional approaches to interpretation in a constitutional democracy, with specific emphasis on Bill of Rights interpretation. The approaches adopted by the court in India and Canada, are briefly outlined with a view to gleaning from the experience of these countries, a theory which will inform a proper approach to interpretation in a South African context. He concludes that the value-based approach is most appropriate to concretise the rights entrenched in the Bill of Rights, and specifically the so-called second and third generation rights. Addressing the fear that this may lead to an undisciplined judiciary, he concludes that there are sufficient disciplinning mechanisms to ensure that the courts do not encroach upon the other branches of government. / Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law / LL.M.

Les discours tenus aujourd’hui sur Georges Darien restent, pour une large part, associés à l’anarchisme. Pour en saisir les limites, la thèse remonte aux sources biographiques. La lecture de son œuvre− aussi riche que méconnue− prendra acte d’un moment fondateur : l’expérience des camps disciplinaires, en 1883. A partir de là, les fictions s’inscrivent dans une démarche contestataire. Le destin littéraire devient spéculaire, véritable miroir d’une âme entrée en résistance. Tenant à la fois de Balzac, Vallès ou encore Mirbeau, l’écrivain dénonce et engage sa responsabilité d’auteur. Combinant avec originalité des personnages et des situations, Darien revisite les problématiques de son époque : rapport à la bourgeoisie, à l’argent, aux institutions, à l’individu. A ce titre, sa littérature est un vaste territoire à explorer. Les pratiques d’écriture et les stéréotypies particulières de la « fin de siècle » font l’objet d’une analyse très critique. L’homme de lettres écrit sa contestation sous toutes les formes : roman, poésie, théâtre, pamphlet, journal, discours. Enfant perdu de la bourgeoisie, livré à la Grande Muette, assiégé par des visions cauchemardesques ; Darien a de quoi nourrir sa résistance scripturaire. Rien ne manquera à la parole libertaire qu’il exerce. Bagnes et armées connaîtront une satire des plus violentes. Famille et instances tutélaires délivreront des idéologies souvent ridicules. Nations et littérateurs donneront l’occasion de discuter la place de l’artiste et de forger un individualisme féroce. Sous le couvert de récits détonants, l’écrivain donne ainsi à voir matière, mais aussi manière. Surenchère, image, caricature, raisonnement par l’absurde, fondent une esthétique originale. La fiction ne fait jamais allégeance à un système de pensée, quel qu’il soit. Le continent littéraire sur lequel nous posons notre regard impose de revoir nos certitudes. Aller à la rencontre de Darien, c’est repenser la question de l’adhésion à l’anarchisme, au naturalisme ou encore au symbolisme. La littérature devient le laboratoire d’une pensée qui n’est jamais partisane, mais toujours soucieuse de décrypter. La démarche comparatiste comme la sociologie permettent d’engager ce décryptage. Finalement, lire ou relire Darien, c’est passer du singulier d’un destin littéraire au pluriel de nos destinées. Le texte retrouve son étymologie de « textus », ce fil qui se fait et défait au gré des écritures et des heurts de l’Histoire collective comme personnelle. / The speeches today Georges Darien remain largely associated with anarchism. To grasp the limits, the thesis goes back to biographical sources. Reading his œuvre− as rich as méconnue− take note of a founding moment: the experience of disciplinary camps, in 1883. From there, fictions are part of a protest action. The literary destiny becomes specular true reflection of a resistor input soul.Holding both Balzac Vallès or Mirbeau, the writer denounces and engages its copyright liability. Combining with original characters and situations, Darien revisits the issues of his time compared to the bourgeoisie, to money, to institutions, to the individual. As such, its literature is a vast territory to explore. Writing practices and specific stereotypes of the “end of century” are the subject of a highly critical analysis. The man of letters wrote his challenge in all forms: novel, poetry, theater, pamphlet, newspaper, speech. Lost child of the bourgeoisie, comes to the Great Muette, besieged by nightmarish visions; Darien has enough to feed his scriptural resistance. Nothing missed libertarian speech he exercises. Bagnes and armies will experience more violent satire. Family and guardianship bodies shall issue often ridiculous ideologies. Nations and writers will provide an opportunity to discuss the place of the artist and forge a fierce individualism. Under the cover of detonating stories, the writer gives to see and matter but also fashion. Increment, picture, cartoon, reductio ad absurdum, founded an original aesthetic. Fiction never pledged allegiance to a system of thought, whatever it is. The literary continent on which we lay our eyes means reviewing our certainties. Go to the meeting of Darien, is rethinking the issue of accession to anarchism, naturalism or symbolism. Literature becomes the laboratory of a thought that is never partisan, anxious to decrypt. The comparative approach such as sociology allow it to engage decryption. Finally, read or reread Darien is spend a singular literary destiny plural of our destinies. The text finds its etymology of “textus” this thread is done and undone at the discretion of the scriptures and clashes of collective history as personal.

Les discours tenus aujourd’hui sur Georges Darien restent, pour une large part, associés à l’anarchisme. Pour en saisir les limites, la thèse remonte aux sources biographiques. La lecture de son œuvre− aussi riche que méconnue− prendra acte d’un moment fondateur : l’expérience des camps disciplinaires, en 1883. A partir de là, les fictions s’inscrivent dans une démarche contestataire. Le destin littéraire devient spéculaire, véritable miroir d’une âme entrée en résistance. Tenant à la fois de Balzac, Vallès ou encore Mirbeau, l’écrivain dénonce et engage sa responsabilité d’auteur. Combinant avec originalité des personnages et des situations, Darien revisite les problématiques de son époque : rapport à la bourgeoisie, à l’argent, aux institutions, à l’individu. A ce titre, sa littérature est un vaste territoire à explorer. Les pratiques d’écriture et les stéréotypies particulières de la « fin de siècle » font l’objet d’une analyse très critique. L’homme de lettres écrit sa contestation sous toutes les formes : roman, poésie, théâtre, pamphlet, journal, discours. Enfant perdu de la bourgeoisie, livré à la Grande Muette, assiégé par des visions cauchemardesques ; Darien a de quoi nourrir sa résistance scripturaire. Rien ne manquera à la parole libertaire qu’il exerce. Bagnes et armées connaîtront une satire des plus violentes. Famille et instances tutélaires délivreront des idéologies souvent ridicules. Nations et littérateurs donneront l’occasion de discuter la place de l’artiste et de forger un individualisme féroce. Sous le couvert de récits détonants, l’écrivain donne ainsi à voir matière, mais aussi manière. Surenchère, image, caricature, raisonnement par l’absurde, fondent une esthétique originale. La fiction ne fait jamais allégeance à un système de pensée, quel qu’il soit. Le continent littéraire sur lequel nous posons notre regard impose de revoir nos certitudes. Aller à la rencontre de Darien, c’est repenser la question de l’adhésion à l’anarchisme, au naturalisme ou encore au symbolisme. La littérature devient le laboratoire d’une pensée qui n’est jamais partisane, mais toujours soucieuse de décrypter. La démarche comparatiste comme la sociologie permettent d’engager ce décryptage. Finalement, lire ou relire Darien, c’est passer du singulier d’un destin littéraire au pluriel de nos destinées. Le texte retrouve son étymologie de « textus », ce fil qui se fait et défait au gré des écritures et des heurts de l’Histoire collective comme personnelle. / The speeches today Georges Darien remain largely associated with anarchism. To grasp the limits, the thesis goes back to biographical sources. Reading his œuvre− as rich as méconnue− take note of a founding moment: the experience of disciplinary camps, in 1883. From there, fictions are part of a protest action. The literary destiny becomes specular true reflection of a resistor input soul.Holding both Balzac Vallès or Mirbeau, the writer denounces and engages its copyright liability. Combining with original characters and situations, Darien revisits the issues of his time compared to the bourgeoisie, to money, to institutions, to the individual. As such, its literature is a vast territory to explore. Writing practices and specific stereotypes of the “end of century” are the subject of a highly critical analysis. The man of letters wrote his challenge in all forms: novel, poetry, theater, pamphlet, newspaper, speech. Lost child of the bourgeoisie, comes to the Great Muette, besieged by nightmarish visions; Darien has enough to feed his scriptural resistance. Nothing missed libertarian speech he exercises. Bagnes and armies will experience more violent satire. Family and guardianship bodies shall issue often ridiculous ideologies. Nations and writers will provide an opportunity to discuss the place of the artist and forge a fierce individualism. Under the cover of detonating stories, the writer gives to see and matter but also fashion. Increment, picture, cartoon, reductio ad absurdum, founded an original aesthetic. Fiction never pledged allegiance to a system of thought, whatever it is. The literary continent on which we lay our eyes means reviewing our certainties. Go to the meeting of Darien, is rethinking the issue of accession to anarchism, naturalism or symbolism. Literature becomes the laboratory of a thought that is never partisan, anxious to decrypt. The comparative approach such as sociology allow it to engage decryption. Finally, read or reread Darien is spend a singular literary destiny plural of our destinies. The text finds its etymology of “textus” this thread is done and undone at the discretion of the scriptures and clashes of collective history as personal.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aracely Mehl.pdf: 4292284 bytes, checksum: f0324f346441d413f14f0fc1ffb14f8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-10 / This study examines the libertarian educational thought propagated in Brazil by the anarchists at the end of the XIX century and beginning of the XX one and analyzes the anarchic periodical "A Plebe" within 1917 to 1919, once the press was considered a tool to the diffusion of their ideals. The theoretical reference that endorsed the research was the historical materialism through readings of Marx and Engels’s works. The bibliographical resources that supported the analysis carried out from this referential was constituted by authors who make references to the educational theory developed by Francisco Ferrer y Guardia; author who was adopted by the anarchists in their schools, as well as his own writings and works of Marxists authors who contextualized the passage of the economical agro exporter model to the industrial one in Brazil. The primary sources which are referent to the analyzed periodical were collected at Edgard Leuenroth Archives at UNICAMP, and at Fundación Francesc Ferrer y Guardia in Barcelona, Spain. The study was divided in three chapters: the first one presents and points out the figure of Francisco Ferrer y Guardia in XIX century Europe, the organization and foundation of his Modern Schools as well as his educational thought known as Rationalist Teaching Education. The second chapter deals with the coming of the European immigrants to Brazil, the conditions of work and life that they found here and to which they were submitted to and also the strike movements organized by the anarchosyndicalists who, besides fighting for working improvements also established schools where the educational theory of Francisco Ferrer y Guardia became the pedagogical thought that represented them. On the third chapter an analysis of the referring articles on education found in the periodical "A Plebe” was carried out, within the period cited before, in order to verify whether Ferrer’s pedagogical thought appears in it and if this periodical took the defense of the proletarian education. In general terms, it was concluded that the periodical "A Plebe” contributed to the unveiling of the ideology imposed by the dominant class during the studied period and was an instrument of propagation of Ferrer’s theory in Brazil, as well as an organizer of laboring struggles and opening of libertarian schools. The research demonstrated that the organization of the libertarian schools by the anarchists, the revolutionary speech of their periodicals as well as the organization of strikes and of unions by them, were acts that led to a modification in the work and study conditions of the population, once , fearful that the common people could lead a revolution, the government hurries and organizes laws to prescribe the working activities and creates schools to the working class , thus suffocating the shout and the laborer anarchist organization in all its aspects. / Este estudo examina o pensamento educacional libertário propagado no Brasil pelos anarquistas no final do século XIX e início do século XX, e, também, analisa o jornal anarquista “A Plebe” nos anos de 1917 a 1919, uma vez que a imprensa era considerada por estes uma ferramenta de difusão de suas ideais.O referencial teórico – metodológico que respaldou esta pesquisa foi o do materialismo histórico através das leituras das obras de Marx e Engels. As fontes bibliográficas que deram suporte as análises feitas a partir deste referencial constituíram-se de autores que se referem à teoria educacional desenvolvida por Francisco Ferrer y Guardia ; autor adotado pelos anarquistas em suas escolas, bem como escritos dele próprio e os trabalhos de autores marxistas que contextualizam a passagem do modelo econômico agro exportador ao modelo industrial no Brasil As fontes primárias, referentes ao jornal analisado, foram coletadas no Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth na UNICAMP, e na Fundación Francesc Ferrer y Guardia em Barcelona , Espanha.O estudo foi dividido em três capítulos, sendo que o primeiro apresenta e situa a figura de Francisco Ferrer y Guardia na Europa do século XIX ,a organização e fundação de suas Escolas Modernas bem como o seu pensamento educacional conhecido como Ensino Racionalista.O segundo capítulo aborda a vinda dos imigrantes europeus ao Brasil, as condições de trabalho e de vida que encontram e as quais se submeteram;assim como os movimentos grevistas organizados pelos anarco-sindicalistas que, além de lutarem por melhorias trabalhistas, também fundaram escolas onde a teoria educacional de Francisco Ferrer y Guardia se tornou o pensamento pedagógico que os representava.No terceiro capítulo, foi feita uma análise dos artigos referentes à educação encontrados no jornal “ A Plebe”, no período já referenciado, a fim de se verificar se o pensamento pedagógico de Ferrer aparece naqueles e se este jornal fazia a defesa da educação proletária. Em termos gerais, concluiu-se que o jornal “A Plebe” contribuiu para o desvelamento da ideologia colocada pela classe dominante durante o período estudado e foi um instrumento de propagação da teoria de Ferrer no Brasil , além de ter sido um organizador de lutas operárias e abertura de escolas libertárias. A pesquisa demonstrou que a organização das escolas libertárias pelos anarquistas , aliada ao discurso revolucionário de seus jornais e a organização de greves e de sindicatos, foram atos que levaram a uma modificação nas condições de trabalho e de estudo da população;porquanto receosos de que o povo fizesse uma revolução , o governo se apressa e organiza leis para regulamentar o trabalho e cria escolas para a classe trabalhadora, abafando assim o grito e a organização operária anarquista em todos os seus aspectos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Gramani Hipolide.pdf: 4472166 bytes, checksum: 0daee78ca7dc1096d784138a561820ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This master dissertation is about the Anarchist Theater in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, between 1901 and 1922. The main objective to conduct this study is to analyze theater as a social practice of the libertarian movement occurred in those important Brazilian cities. The clip shown here chronologically covers the period when libertarian segments of the working class directly influenced the labor movement. In an attempt to reconstruct the trajectories of different amateur groups who played in worker s parties, we seek in this research to find out about some of the subjects involved in those dramatic activities. Sure that the anarchist theater established dialogues with numerous libertarian segments in the working class, we analyze the relationships between the activities of amateur theater groups with other social practices of the anarchist labor movement trend, or socialist revolutionary, who also constituted the movement in that period. The focus of the approach to the plays that were staged in the worker s parties was not confined to mere structural analysis of that. Our focus was to face the political meaning of such plays and the possible resonance of the specific content of these texts on the pages of the Press Working. In addition to the theater texts, we also investigate the fragmentary evidences of what the Press working brought about the theater practices and about the ideas-images conveyed by the works that comprise the corpus of this research. Our continuous effort was not to lose sight of the focus in this research that is the analysis of Anarchist Theater as constituent part of the complex labor movement in the early 20th Century. From this perspective, the activities around that theater acquired a dynamic and active character. Thus, both, scenarios and plays were discussed here as direct interventions within the organized movement of the working class / Esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo analisar o teatro anarquista como prática social do movimento libertário nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. Utilizamos como recorte cronológico os anos entre 1901 e 1922, quando os segmentos anarquistas e sindicalistas revolucionários da classe trabalhadora influenciaram diretamente o movimento operário. Além de tentar reconstituir as trajetórias dos diferentes grupos amadores que atuaram nas festas operárias, buscamos conhecer melhor alguns dos sujeitos sociais envolvidos nas atividades daquela dramaturgia. Convencidos de que aquele teatro estabelecia inúmeras interlocuções com os segmentos libertários da classe trabalhadora, pretendemos analisar as atividades dos grupos amadores em suas relações com outras práticas sociais que também constituíam o movimento operário de cunho anarquista e/ou sindicalista revolucionário. Portanto, a abordagem que fizemos das peças encenadas nas festas operárias buscou sempre ir além de um enfoque meramente estrutural. Nosso objetivo foi encarar o sentido político daquelas obras e as possíveis ressonâncias de seus conteúdos específicos nas páginas da imprensa operária. Além dos textos teatrais, tivemos de investigar os indícios fragmentários que aquela imprensa traz sobre as práticas teatrais e sobre as ideias-imagens veiculadas pelas obras que compõem o corpus de nossa pesquisa. Buscamos o tempo todo analisar o teatro anarquista como parte constituinte do complexo movimento libertário no início do século XX. Nessa perspectiva, as atividades em torno daquele teatro adquiriram um caráter ativo e dinâmico. Sendo assim, tanto as peças quanto as encenações foram aqui abordadas como intervenções diretas no seio do movimento organizado da classe trabalhadora

Les discours tenus aujourd’hui sur Georges Darien restent, pour une large part, associés à l’anarchisme. Pour en saisir les limites, la thèse remonte aux sources biographiques. La lecture de son œuvre− aussi riche que méconnue− prendra acte d’un moment fondateur : l’expérience des camps disciplinaires, en 1883. A partir de là, les fictions s’inscrivent dans une démarche contestataire. Le destin littéraire devient spéculaire, véritable miroir d’une âme entrée en résistance. Tenant à la fois de Balzac, Vallès ou encore Mirbeau, l’écrivain dénonce et engage sa responsabilité d’auteur. Combinant avec originalité des personnages et des situations, Darien revisite les problématiques de son époque : rapport à la bourgeoisie, à l’argent, aux institutions, à l’individu. A ce titre, sa littérature est un vaste territoire à explorer. Les pratiques d’écriture et les stéréotypies particulières de la « fin de siècle » font l’objet d’une analyse très critique. L’homme de lettres écrit sa contestation sous toutes les formes : roman, poésie, théâtre, pamphlet, journal, discours. Enfant perdu de la bourgeoisie, livré à la Grande Muette, assiégé par des visions cauchemardesques ; Darien a de quoi nourrir sa résistance scripturaire. Rien ne manquera à la parole libertaire qu’il exerce. Bagnes et armées connaîtront une satire des plus violentes. Famille et instances tutélaires délivreront des idéologies souvent ridicules. Nations et littérateurs donneront l’occasion de discuter la place de l’artiste et de forger un individualisme féroce. Sous le couvert de récits détonants, l’écrivain donne ainsi à voir matière, mais aussi manière. Surenchère, image, caricature, raisonnement par l’absurde, fondent une esthétique originale. La fiction ne fait jamais allégeance à un système de pensée, quel qu’il soit. Le continent littéraire sur lequel nous posons notre regard impose de revoir nos certitudes. Aller à la rencontre de Darien, c’est repenser la question de l’adhésion à l’anarchisme, au naturalisme ou encore au symbolisme. La littérature devient le laboratoire d’une pensée qui n’est jamais partisane, mais toujours soucieuse de décrypter. La démarche comparatiste comme la sociologie permettent d’engager ce décryptage. Finalement, lire ou relire Darien, c’est passer du singulier d’un destin littéraire au pluriel de nos destinées. Le texte retrouve son étymologie de « textus », ce fil qui se fait et défait au gré des écritures et des heurts de l’Histoire collective comme personnelle. / The speeches today Georges Darien remain largely associated with anarchism. To grasp the limits, the thesis goes back to biographical sources. Reading his œuvre− as rich as méconnue− take note of a founding moment: the experience of disciplinary camps, in 1883. From there, fictions are part of a protest action. The literary destiny becomes specular true reflection of a resistor input soul.Holding both Balzac Vallès or Mirbeau, the writer denounces and engages its copyright liability. Combining with original characters and situations, Darien revisits the issues of his time compared to the bourgeoisie, to money, to institutions, to the individual. As such, its literature is a vast territory to explore. Writing practices and specific stereotypes of the “end of century” are the subject of a highly critical analysis. The man of letters wrote his challenge in all forms: novel, poetry, theater, pamphlet, newspaper, speech. Lost child of the bourgeoisie, comes to the Great Muette, besieged by nightmarish visions; Darien has enough to feed his scriptural resistance. Nothing missed libertarian speech he exercises. Bagnes and armies will experience more violent satire. Family and guardianship bodies shall issue often ridiculous ideologies. Nations and writers will provide an opportunity to discuss the place of the artist and forge a fierce individualism. Under the cover of detonating stories, the writer gives to see and matter but also fashion. Increment, picture, cartoon, reductio ad absurdum, founded an original aesthetic. Fiction never pledged allegiance to a system of thought, whatever it is. The literary continent on which we lay our eyes means reviewing our certainties. Go to the meeting of Darien, is rethinking the issue of accession to anarchism, naturalism or symbolism. Literature becomes the laboratory of a thought that is never partisan, anxious to decrypt. The comparative approach such as sociology allow it to engage decryption. Finally, read or reread Darien is spend a singular literary destiny plural of our destinies. The text finds its etymology of “textus” this thread is done and undone at the discretion of the scriptures and clashes of collective history as personal.

A Escola Moderna n.1 (São Paulo), sob a direção do professor libertário João Penteado, ofereceu uma alternativa de formação para os filhos da classe trabalhadora, inspirando-se na Pedagogia Libertária que, desde os primeiros debates da Internacional dos Trabalhadores até as experiências educacionais de Paul Robin, inseriu a luta de classes no espaço da escola. Assim, promoveu a interface entre educação e revolução social com base nos conceitos de Demopedia e Instrução Integral, desenvolvidos respectivamente por Pierre-Joseph Proudhon e Mikhail Bakunin. O presente estudo pretende desvelar como o espaço da Escola Moderna se converteu em ação revolucionária dos sindicatos operários, colaborando para os objetivos dos anarquistas que elegeram o sindicalismo revolucionário como a tática mais adequada para o estabelecimento da sociedade livre com a qual sonharam. Deste modo, entre os anos de 1912 a 1919, quando foi sumariamente fechada pelo Departamento de Instrução Pública do Estado, a Escola Moderna promoveu a ação direta e o mutualismo entre seus estudantes, tanto para que contribuíssem com o futuro da classe trabalhadora, de acordo com suas necessidades e conforme suas condições, como também para que os organismos de classe ultrapassassem as lutas mais imediatas.