Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en global kronisk sjukdom.  I Sverige har cirka en halv miljon av befolkningen sjukdomen och ungefär 350 miljoner i hela världen. Sjukdomen är allvarlig och orsakar konsekvenser såsom kardiovaskulära sjukdomar och för tidig dödlighet.  Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att belysa upplevelser av livsstilsförändringar hos patienter diagnostiserade med diabetes mellitus typ 2  Metod: Litteraturöversikten var baserad på elva vetenskapliga artiklar som har använts i resultatet. Databaser som användes var Cinahl Complete och PubMed. Artiklar var kvalitativa. Artiklarna granskades med Fribergs analysmetod (Friberg, 2022). Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i fyra teman. Negativa aspekter av livsstilsförändringar i dagligt liv, Positiva aspekter av livsstilsförändringar i dagligt liv, upplevelser av nödvändig kunskap vid livsstilsförändringar och upplevelserna av den egna motivationen av livsstilsförändringarna. Sammanfattning: Deltagarna i litteraturöversikten som blev diagnostiserade med DMT2 hade olika upplevelser samt uppfattningar av livsstilsförändringar. Olika upplevelser av fysiska hälsa och psykiska hälsa förekom bland studierna. Inom hälso- och sjukvården bör sjuksköterskor arbeta utifrån deras profession genom att omhänderta dessa individer och erbjuda evidensbaserad vård där individer blir inkluderade i sin behandling. / Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a global chronic disease. In Sweden, approximately half a million of the population have the disease and approximately 350 million worldwide. The disease is serious and causes consequences such as cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality Aim: The purpose of this literature review was to light up the experiences of lifestyle changes in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2.   Method: The literature review was based on eleven scientific articles that have been used in the results. Databases used were Cinahl Complete and PubMed. Articles were qualitative. The articles were reviewed using Friberg's analysis method (Friberg, 2022).  Results: The results were presented in four themes. Negative aspects of lifestyle changes in daily life, Positive aspects of lifestyle changes in daily life, experiences of necessary knowledge during lifestyle changes and the experiences of the own motivation of the lifestyle changes. Summary: The participants in the literature review who were diagnosed with DMT2 had different experiences and perceptions of lifestyle changes. Different experiences of physical health and mental health occurred among the studies. Within health care, nurses should work based on their profession by caring for these individuals and offering evidence-based care where individuals are included in their treatment.

published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

在全球化浪潮的影響下，世界各國紛紛開始注意到「文化延續」的重要性，使得如何保存在地文化成為各國必須面臨的課題之一，創意產業與流行文化於是成為各國首推發展的產業。台北啤酒文化園區身為啤酒產業的發源地，奠定了台北啤酒文化園區於文化創意產業中所具有之重要性，但一項成功創意產業必須有賴於適當的經營方式，才能獲得消費者的支持與肯定。故本研究結合Schmitt之「體驗行銷」理論進行實證研究，根據「體驗行銷」、「生活型態」、「顧客滿意度」以及「品牌忠誠度」等理論基礎發展觀念性研究架構及問卷，研究目的在探討消費者的人口統計變項與生活型態對台北啤酒文化園區策略體驗模組、 顧客滿意度、品牌忠誠度的之影響，並分析策略體驗模組對於台北啤酒文化園區消費者之顧客滿意度、品牌忠誠度的關係。研究調查共回收樣本330份，有效樣本為297份。研究主要發現為：（1）不同人口統計變項與生活型態消費者對策略體驗模組感受有部份差異。（2）不同人口統計變項與生活型態消費者在顧客滿意度、品牌忠誠度有部份差異。（3）策略體驗模組與顧客滿意度、品牌忠誠度具中度相關及解釋力。最後，本研究對業界與未來的研究者提出適當的行銷策略與研究上的建議。 / In the trend of Globalization, the characteristics of local culture have become more and more important. The development of cultural creativity industry is thought to be the most important factor of national economy development and the promotion of quality of life. There are many countries that are starting to pay attention to how to preserve local culture. This study is aimed at the cultural creative industry, hoping the basic background and uniqueness of local culture in Taiwan can be understood through the characteristics of local culture. “Taipei Brewery” is the birthplace of Taiwan beer's local culture, so this study took “Taipei Brewery” as a case study. This thesis is based on the theory of "Experiential Marketing" built by Schmitt(1999),to proceed to a concrete investigation on the influence of SEMs(strategies of experiential modules) on Taipei Brewery's customers. The conceptual framework of this research is based on a literature review of the “Experiential Marketing”, “Life Style”, “Customer Satisfaction” and “Brand Loyalty”. This research uses a questionnaire to survey the customers of “Taipei Brewery”. The statistical package for the social science (SPSS12.0) system was utilized for the Descriptive statistics analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation, T-test match-pair, one-way ANOVA, Regression Analysis, Scheffe multiple comparisons, and a Cronbach α.. In total, 297effective questionnaires out of 330 were collected, and the effective response rate was 90.303%. The findings of this research are as follows: （1）The different demographic variables and lifestyles of consumers have a significant contrast between strategies of experiential modules. （2）The different demographic variables and lifestyles of consumers have a significant contrast between customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. （3）There is a positive correlation between strategies of experiential modules, customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Finally, according to the results of the study we came up with a connotation for the theories and actual situations in running a business.

Den ojämlika dödligheten är en studie av främst hjärt–kärldödlighet avseende perioden 1950–2010 i tvillingstäderna Linköping och Norrköping och konsekvenserna av ojämlikhet. Skillnaderna mellan städerna i dödlighet är stora. Under 1970-talet, då jämlikheten stod i focus, minskade dessa. Efterhand som ekonomisk politik och samhällsvärderingar mera anpassades till en global monetaristisk politik ökade också den ojämlika dödligheten mellan städerna. Stora förändringar ägde rum inom respektive stad när det gäller hjärtdödligheten. Miljonprogramområdena i de båda städerna blev relativt sett fattigare och präglades allt mer av flyktinginvandring, samtidigt som städernas centra gentrifierades, inte minst i Linköping. Skillnaderna i dödlighet mellan ytterområdena och centrum ökade under 1990- och 2000-talen. Detta gäller i större utsträckning i Linköping än i Norrköping. Avhandlingen består av tre delar. I licentiatuppsatsen analyseras städernas utveckling från 1950-talet till 2006. Studien gör också ett försök att spåra orsaker till ohälsoskillnader och för tidig död. Artikel 1 handlar om vad som hände med folkhälsan på vägen från ett högindustriellt till ett postindustriellt samhälle. Ett särskilt focus har varit att studera skillnader i hjärtsjuklighet mellan olika stadsdelar i de bägge tvillingstäderna. I artikel 2 analyseras skillnader i hjärt–kärldödlighet på stadsdelsnivå under perioden 1976 till 2010. / Unequal Mortality is primarily a study of coronary heart disease mortality and its consequences during the period 1950–2010 in the twin cities Linköping and Norrköping. The difference in mortality between the two cities was great. During the 1970s, when there was a focus on equality, these differences declined. As economic policies and social values were adapted to a global monetary policy, inequality in mortality between the two cities increased. Large changes took place in the respective cities as far as mortality in coronary heart disease was concerned. In both cities the low cost housing projects became poorer and were increasingly influenced by the influx of refugees, at the same time that the city centres became gentrified, not least in Linköping. The differences in mortality between the out-lying areas and the city centres increased during the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century. This is true to a greater extent in Linköping than in Norrköping. The dissertation consists of three parts. The licentiate thesis analyses the development of the cities from the 1950s until 2006. The study also attempts to trace the reasons for the differences in health and premature death. Article 1 deals with what happened on the way from a highly industrial to a post-industrial society. It has especially focused on studying the differences in coronary heart disease morbidity among various neighbourhoods in both the twin cities. Article 2 analyses differences in coronary heart disease mortality during the period from 1976 to 2010.

(in English) Aims: The aim of the diploma thesis was to monitor the eating habits of students from chosen high school which is located in Prague. These habits were taken into consideration with regards to social aspects of food and the causes of overweight and obesity. Methods: Qualitative research was used as the default method to determine the objective of the thesis. Based on literature review the survey was created. The respondents subjectively evaluated a set of questions relating to food and eating habits. Results: According to the findings, a major impact on eating habits of high school students has a family in general or household, in which students live. Cooking trend at home plays an important role, even when talking about boom in eating at restaurants and fast foods. Regardless of household income, students are used to really eat most often at home (breakfast and dinner) and at school (lunch). As for eating habits, respondents, from the vast majority, do not pay any attention to this process. And even if the results of the research showed that a large majority of students think they eat healthily, then less than half of them is not satisfied with own weight. Household income therefore has no significant effect on the eating habits in selected high school students. According to the...

This diploma thesis deals with comparing the level of physical growth and basic motor skills of preschool children, their motion mode and the conditions for movement activities in two kindergartens located in different municipalities (in a city and in a town). The aim of the study was to determine the level of growth and motor performance of preschool children in relation to the motion mode at their residence. The study included 116 children aged 4-6. The level of physical growth was assessed by measuring somatic characteristics of children (height, weight, BMI). The data extracted from the study were compared to percentile charts. The level of motor performance was assessed by sensory tests. In the case of basic motor skills there was chosen 20 ms run with standing start for the testing of speed capability, for the evaluation of explosive strength abilities was selected jump from the spot with two legs reflection, the testing of explosive strength of the upper limbs was exercised by a ball throw by both right and left hand. At the same time, these tests show the level of motor performance of preschool children. To map the conditions of the motor development of preschool children, an analysis of the conditions of the two municipalities and an analysis of the conditions and the education plan of...

Topic of my thesis covers the analysis of programmes, related to primary prevention within the Liberec region. Theoretical part of my thesis comprises the identification of basic terms that are related to the development of socio-pathological phenomena and risk behaviour of children and youth. Furthermore, the thesis depicts the prevention system, which is focused on primary prevention of the risk behaviour. An important part of the thesis is the primary prevention as a part of the upbringing process. The theoretical part of my thesis ends with a chapter that is dealing with the community planning process of villages. By means of an empiric investigation, practical part of the thesis analyses the situation within the primary prevention at elementary schools, information on the number of providers and programmes for primary prevention are investigated in the thesis as well. Another important output lies within the needs and attitudes of the villages in the given region.

and keywords The level of movement skills and dexterity in relation to movement activities of pre- school children in their ordinary lives. The diploma thesis deals with the issue of movement activity of pre-school children. Movement activities are vital part of healthy life, especially for children. It should be an essential part of every activity, no matter if it is sport, game, relaxation or just a walk to school. It should be a common part of every pre-school child daily programme. The activities reflect the level of movement skills and dexterity, which get behind so much these days. That is why it is necessary to evolve and improve them. The thesis is focused on influence of controlled movement activities to results of elementary skills and potential of pre-school children. The theoretical part describes it in general (movement activity, skills, dexterity, movement,...) and individual meanings. The practical part deals with testing of children and questioning of their parents. The results bring information on relation between of amount of controlled activities of children and their performance in basic kinetic tests. The fundamental is to create an overview of level of movement skills and dexterity using testing of particular age groups of pre-school children Preschool age Movement skills...

Diploma thesis Fenomén labužnictví a časopisy věnující se gastronomii na území České republiky v letech 2004-2012 is devoted to the questions of publishing gastronomical magazines in Czech republic in the years 2004-2012 and describes the culinary trend which is frequent issue of the Czech media discourse in the year 2012. The first parts of the thesis deal with the sociological perspectives on food, its role within society is explained as well as its ability to produce the meanings and symbols and to express social differentition. The attitude of Czech population towards food and lifestyle is characterized. The following chapter focuses on the culinary trend in various kinds of masmedia content, it reveals the context of the trend, its impact and the way it is represented in Czech republic. The last two chapters of the thesis deal with the gastronomical magazines, which are divided into two main categories according to their content. The current situation on the Czech market with magazines is explained. The final chapter focuses on selected gastronomical magazines F.O.O.D. Apetit and Gurmet which are analyzed from the point of their sections arrangment, graphic design, advertisement and language. Short semiotic analysis of selected articles is presented.

OBJETIVO: Verificar o impacto de um programa estruturado de atividade física no local de trabalho, sobre o nível de atividade física e o estágio de prontidão para mudança de comportamento visando a um estilo de vida ativo. MÉTODOS: O programa de atividade física foi estruturado em sessões práticas e palestras de 10 minutos oferecidas no local de trabalho. De junho a dezembro de 2006, foram avaliados 46 funcionários administrativos de uma empresa da cidade de São Paulo, randomizados em 3 grupos, cuja participação sugerida no programa foi 2, 3 ou 5 vezes semanais. Como desfechos: a) o nível de atividade física foi abordado por meio de questionário (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ Longo) e pedômetros; b) o estágio de prontidão para a prática de atividade física foi estimado usando um questionário de estágios de comportamento baseado no modelo trans-teórico adaptado para a prática de atividade física. Cada variável de desfecho foi avaliada antes da intervenção, 90 e 180 dias após o início, com comparações feitas por meio de testes não paramétricos de Friedman e Wilcoxon, considerando nível de significância p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Os resultados revelaram aumento estatisticamente significante do tempo referido de atividade física desenvolvida no trabalho, ao final de 180 dias (p< 0,0001) e no tempo total de atividade física de caminhada, ao final de 180 dias (p= 0,020), porém sem impacto nos outros domínios do IPAQ (lazer, transporte, tarefas domésticas) e no tempo de atividade física total dos participantes (caminhada + moderada + vigorosa), incluindo as medidas do pedômetro. Notou-se também uma tendência a uma progressão dos indivíduos para estágios de comportamento mais avançados para a prática de atividade física, porém sem significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a intervenção foi bem sucedida em aumentar o tempo de atividade física dos trabalhadores no local de trabalho, porém não foi capaz de impactar significativamente os estágios comportamentais e o tempo dedicado à atividade física total / OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a structured program of physical activities at the workplace in terms of the workers level of physical activity and the readiness to change their behavior in order to adopt an active life style. METHODS: The physical activity program was structured in practical sessions and 10-minute lectures held at the workplace. From June to December 2006, 46 administrative employees of a company in the city of São Paulo were evaluated. These employees were randomly allocated into 3 groups and the suggested participation to each group in the program was 2, 3, or 5 times a week. The measured outcomes were: a) the level of physical activity, assessed by means of pedometers and a questionnaire (International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ Long); b) the readiness to practice physical activities, assessed by means of a questionnaire of behaviour stages based on the trans-theoretical model adapted to the practice of physical activities. Each outcome variable was evaluated at the baseline, 90 days and 180 days after the program start-up. Comparisons were made through the non-parametric tests of Friedman and Wilcoxon, considering a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: The results have demonstrated a significant statistical increase in the time dedicated to physical activity at the workplace at the end of 180 days (p< 0.0001) and in the total walking time at the end of 180 days (p= 0.020), but with no impact on other IPAQ domains (leisure, transportation, household tasks) and on the participants total physical activity time (walking + moderate + vigorous), including the pedometer readings. It was also noticed that individuals had a tendency to progress to more advanced behavior stages in the practice of physical activities, but such tendency had no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The intervention was successful in its purpose to increase the time of physical activity of workers at the workplace, but this change was not able to impact substantially the behavior stages and the total time dedicated to physical activities