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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Možnosti smluvní limitace nebo smluvního vzdání se práva na náhradu škody/újmy / Ways of Contractual Limitation or Exclusion of Liability and their Enforeability

Otčenášková, Jana January 2014 (has links)
The purpose of this theses is to analyze whether a contractual limitation of liability for damage resp. compensation for damage is acceptable in the Czech law, what are the limits of limitation and what they should be. The main focus is given on the issue of the prior limitation. The thesis is composed of an introduction, ten chapters and a conclusion. First four chapters cover the background information and terminology needed for the remaining part of the work, such as liability for damage, its division, prerequisites and scope. The many ways of limitation and basic prevailing principals of limitation are given in chapter five. Chapters six, seven and eight deal with the very possibility of compensation for damage limitation in three spheres that are: contemporary civil and commercial law and the united civil law under the law No. 89/2012, so called The New Civil Code. Chapter nine provides a short view into the German regulation before there are given the conclusions on possible practical regulation in Czech law in chapter ten. The chapter six dealing with contemporary commercial law summarizes the development of the issue and deals with the restrictions in this matter. In the chapter seven the importance and meaning of Section 574 of the Civil Code is deeply analyzed and conclusion made that the...
112

Phenotypic evolution and adaptive strategies in marine phytoplankton (Coccolithophores)

Šupraha, Luka January 2016 (has links)
Coccolithophores are biogeochemically important marine algae that interact with the carbon cycle through photosynthesis (CO2 sink), calcification (CO2 source) and burial of carbon into oceanic sediments. The group is considered susceptible to the ongoing climate perturbations, in particular to ocean acidification, temperature increase and nutrient limitation. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the adaptation of coccolithophores to environmental change, with the focus on temperature stress and nutrient limitation. The research was conducted in frame of three approaches: experiments testing the physiological response of coccolithophore species Helicosphaera carteri and Coccolithus pelagicus to phosphorus limitation, field studies on coccolithophore life-cycles with a method comparison and an investigation of the phenotypic evolution of the coccolithophore genus Helicosphaera over the past 15 Ma. Experimental results show that the physiology and morphology of large coccolithophores are sensitive to phosphorus limitation, and that the adaptation to low-nutrient conditions can lead to a decrease in calcification rates. Field studies have contributed to our understanding of coccolithophore life cycles, revealing complex ecological patterns within the Mediterranean community which are seemingly regulated by seasonal, temperature-driven environment changes. In addition, the high-throughput sequencing (HTS) molecular method was shown to provide overall good representation of coccolithophore community composition. Finally, the study on Helicosphaera evolution showed that adaptation to decreasing CO2 in higher latitudes involved cell and coccolith size decrease, whereas the adaptation in tropical ecosystems also included a physiological decrease in calcification rates in response to nutrient limitation. This thesis advanced our understanding of coccolithophore adaptive strategies and will improve our predictions on the fate of the group under ongoing climate change.
113

Invenção e artifício para formas de comunicação / Invenção e artifício para formas de comunicação

Wagner, Christiane 17 January 2007 (has links)
A capacidade inventiva é parte vital do ser humano na constante recriação de sua existência. Cada nova idéia alimenta a imaginação e o tempo é reciclado. É vista a noção do novo por meio de uma nova imagem, necessária para revigorar a expectativa de vida em cada época na sociedade. O produto da invenção e artifício é a nova mensagem como forma de comunicação, alimentando o imaginário de seus diferentes públicos. Dessa forma, nesta dissertação analisa-se a atual conjuntura social nos aspectos produtivos da industria cultural, com atenção às novas demandas por meio de novos produtos, que possibilitam a constante recriação de novas mensagens. Elas são consequência da revolução tecnológica, da convergência dos meios de comunicacão e de sua interferência nos habitos e atitudes dos indivíduos, por estarem ao alcance, a qualquer tempo para informar e ser informado. / The capacity inventive is vital part of the human being in the constant criation of its existence. Each new idea feeds the imagination and the time is recycled. The notion of the new by means of a new image, necessary is seen to revigorate the life expectancy at each time in the society. The product of the invention and artifice is the new message as communication form, feeding the imaginary one of its different public. Of this form, in this dissertation it is analyzed current social conjuncture in the productive aspects of the cultural industry, with attention to the new demands by means of new products, that make possible the constant recriação of new messages. They are consequence of the technological revolution, the convergence of the ways of communication and its interference in the custums and attitudes them individuals, for being to the reach, to any time to inform and to be informed.
114

A difusão e assimilação de CO2 em folhas C4 (Saccharum spp. e Sorghum bicolor) e suas relações com o nitrogênio foliar e o deficit hídrico / Diffusion and assimilation of the CO2 in C4 plants (Saccharum spp. e Sorghum bicolor) its relationship with leaf nitrogen and water deficit

Souza, Naiara Célida dos Santos de 15 December 2016 (has links)
O aumento para demanda na produção de alimentos associado a possíveis alterações climáticas globais tem promovido um interesse renovado em pesquisas envolvendo o metabolismo fotossintético. Acredita-se que com o melhoramento fotossintético a produtividade das culturas aumente. Para se alcançar este objetivo, além do uso de práticas biotecnológicas, ainda são necessários estudos abordando as limitações intrisecas do processo fotossintético que possam contribuir com a identificação de alvos para a engenharia genética. Neste contexto, esta tese aborda perguntas especificas sobre a regulação da fotossíntese C4 pela nutrição nitrogenada, o deficit hídrico e a interação destes dois fatores. No primeiro capítulo experimental foi desenvolvido um estudo envolvendo os efeitos da nutrição nitrogenada na difusão interna de CO2. Foi observado que o conteúdo de nitrogênio (N) foliar é determinante para a condutância interna de CO2 (? 18O-gm). Um menor conteúdo de N induz reduções iniciais em ? 18O-gm devido menor atividade das enzimas carboxilativas. Conforme o conteúdo de N reduz em folhas mais velhas alterações na antomia passaram a contribuir com a regulação de ? 18O-gm. No segundo capítulo, foi explorada a variação genotipica de cana-de-açúcar quanto a parâmetros relacionados a fotossíntese e o nitrogênio foliar, envolvendo a eficiência de uso de nitrogênio fotossintética (PNUE) e índices de herdabilidade. A variabilidade dos materiais genéticos foi explicada principalmente pelos parâmetros de trocas gasosas que contribuíram com o agrupamento dos materiais em três grupos. A partir deste agrupamento é possível verificar as diferenças entre os materiais em reposta a nutrição nitrogenada. Além disto, parâmetros de trocas gasosas como a taxa de assimilação de CO2 e condutância estomática junto com PNUE apresentaram altos índices de herdabilidade no sentido restrito. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo investigou a regulação do metabolismo de assimilação de CO2 em resposta ao deficit hídrico em folhas de cana-de-açúcar e como o metabolismo de nitrogênio está envolvido neste processo. Diferentes fatores envolvidos na regulação negativa da fotossíntese foram identicados. Interesantemente, alterações nos componentes nitrogenados só contribuíram com a inibição metabólica na fase de estresse severo. Adicionalmente foi observado que a superação da inibição metabólica durante a reidratação é mais rápida quando a cultivar apresenta decréscimos mais lentos no metabolismo de N no período de seca, associado a menores danos na capacidade fotossintética. / Increased demand for food production and the possibility of global climate change has promoted renewed interest in photosynthesis research. It is expected that with the photosynthetic improving the crop productivity increase. For this, besides of the use of biotechnological practices, further studies are needed about intrinsic limitations of the photosynthetic process that can contribute to the identification of targets for genetic engineering. In this context, this thesis discusses specific questions about photosynthesis regulation C4 by nitrogen nutrition, water deficit and the interaction of these two factors. In the chapter I, it was developed a study of the effects of nitrogen nutrition in the internal diffusion of CO2. It was observed that the leaf nitrogen (N) is essential for the internal CO2 conductance (Δ 18O-gm). A lower leaf N induces initial reductions in Δ18O-gm by lower activity of the carboxylation enzymes. With N leaf reduction in older leaves anatomy changes began to contribute to the regulation of Δ18 O-gm. In the chapter II, the genotypic variation of sugarcane to photosynthetic parameters and leaf nitrogen was explored, involving the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) and heritability analysis. The variability of the genetic material is explained mainly by gas exchange parameters that contributed to the grouping of materials into three groups. From this, it is possible examine the differences between the materials in response to nitrogen nutrition. Furthermore, gas exchange parameters such as CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance along with PNUE showed high heritability in the narrow sense. Finally, the chapter III investigated the regulation of CO2 assimilation metabolism in response to water deficit sugarcane leaves and how nitrogen metabolism is involved in this process. Different factors involved in the negative regulation of photosynthesis were identified. Interestingly, changes in nitrogen components only contributed to metabolic inhibition in severe stress. Additionally it noted that overcoming metabolic inhibition during rehydration is faster when the cultivar presents slower decreases in N metabolism during water deficit, associated with less damage to the photosynthetic capacity.
115

Habilidades funcionais e necessidade de assistência na síndrome de Rett / Functional abilities and caregiver assistance in Rett syndrome

Monteiro, Carlos Bandeira de Mello 16 March 2007 (has links)
A síndrome de Rett (SR) é um distúrbio neurológico progressivo de causa genética que afeta quase exclusivamente o sexo feminino. É causada por mutações, geralmente esporádicas, do gene MECP2, localizado no cromossomo X. Apresenta como características principais: estagnação no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, perda de comunicação, do contato visual, do interesse por pessoas e objetos e estereotipias manuais. Em conseqüência do grave comprometimento cognitivo e motor, as portadoras de SR têm muita dificuldade em realizar as tarefas do dia-a-dia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as habilidades funcionais e averiguar as necessidades de assistência do cuidador, conforme determinadas pelo Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI). Esse instrumento de avaliação, que possui 197 itens nas áreas de autocuidado, mobilidade e função social, foi aplicado em 64 portadoras de SR que preenchiam os critérios para a forma clássica da doença. Elas tinham idade entre 2 e 26 anos, com média de 10 anos. Entre as 73 atividades da área de autocuidado do PEDI, 52 (71,2%) não foram realizadas por qualquer criança; na área de mobilidade, entre as 59 atividades propostas, 8 (13,5%) não foram feitas pelas portadoras de SR; e finalmente na área de função social, nenhuma das 50 (76,9%) entre 65 atividades foi realizada. O desempenho médio ajustado em escala de 0 a 100 para a área de autocuidado foi de 8,9/100, variando de 0 a 26; para a de mobilidade, foi em média de 30,2/100, variando de 1,7 a 74,5; e a de função social foi de 5,2/100, com variação de 0 a 21,5. A necessidade de assistência foi, de forma complementar, maior nas áreas de autocuidado e função social do que na de mobilidade. Não encontramos, em nossa amostra, uma relação entre a idade e o grau de incapacidade, sugerindo que as portadoras de SR apresentam um nível de comprometimento que é, desde o início, bastante grave. Infelizmente, o menor comprometimento da mobilidade, comparado com as áreas de autocuidado e função social, não traz vantagens adaptativas ou maior independência às portadoras de SR. / Rett syndrome (RS) is a progressive neurological disturbance of genetic cause that affects females almost exclusively. It is caused by mutations, usually sporadic, of the MECP2 gene located in the X chromosome. Presented as main characteristics: stagnation in neuromotor development; losses of communication, visual contact, interest for people and objects; and manual stereotypes. In consequence to the serious cognitive and motor compromise, the RS patients have great difficulty in accomplishing day-to-day tasks. The objective of this work was to evaluate the functional abilities and to discover the needs of assistance by the caregiver, conforming to the established Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). That evaluation instrument, which possesses 197 items in the areas of self-care, mobility and social function, was applied to 64 individuals with RS that matched the criteria for the classic form of the disease. Their ages ranged between 2 years and 26 years, with an average of 10 years. Among the 73 PEDI activities in the area of self-care, 52 (71.2%) were not accomplished by any child; in the area of mobility, among the 59 proposed activities, 8 (13.5%) were not done by any RS patient; and finally in the area of social function, none of the 50 (76.9%) activities among 65 were accomplished. The average performance adjusted in a scale from 0 to 100 for the area of self-care was of 8.9/100, varying from 0 to 26; for mobility, it was an average of 30.2/100, varying from 1.7 to 74.5; and of social function was 5.2/100, with variation from 0 to 21.5. The need of attendance was, in a complementary way, greater in the self-care areas and social function than in mobility. We didn\'t find, in our sample, a relationship between the age and the degree of incapacity, suggesting that RS individual present a compromising level that is from the beginning quite serious. Unfortunately, the smallest compromise of mobility, compared with the areas of self-care and social function, doesn\'t bring adaptive advantages or greater independence to the RS patients.
116

Anemia e envelhecimento: panorama populacional e associação com desfechos adversos em saúde - estudo SABE / Anemia and aging: population overview and association with adverse health outcomes - SABE Study

Corona, Ligiana Pires 26 February 2014 (has links)
Introdução: A anemia é a disfunção hematológica mais comumente encontrada nas pessoas idosas tendo, entre os que residem na comunidade, uma prevalência próxima de 10 por cento . Associa-se a várias condições crônicas e tem significativo impacto nos desfechos de saúde como fragilidade, mobilidade comprometida e comprometimento funcional. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados à anemia e sua associação com desfechos adversos em saúde nas pessoas idosas do município de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal de base populacional, com amostragem probabilística representativa, onde foram avaliados 1256 pessoas com idade igual e superior a 60 anos em 2010. A anemia foi diagnosticada a partir da concentração sanguínea de hemoglobina, de forma contínua e categorizada segundo parâmetros estabelecidos pela OMS (mulheres:<12g/dL; homens:<13g/dL). A regressão logística hierárquica foi utilizada para avaliar os fatores associados à presença de anemia e a associação de anemia com desfechos adversos em saúde. Resultados: A prevalência de anemia foi de 7,7 por cento na população e os fatores significativamente associados após ajuste foram idade mais avançada, diabetes e câncer referidos e presença de sintomas depressivos. Em relação aos desfechos adversos, a anemia permaneceu significativamente associada à fragilidade (OR=5,19; IC95 por cento =2,41-11,20) e mobilidade comprometida (OR=2,10; IC95 por cento =1,19-3,69). Com relação à concentração de hemoglobina, quanto maiores os valores, menores as chances de fragilidade (OR=0,91; IC95 por cento =1,03;1,08) e mobilidade comprometida (OR=0,81; IC95 por cento =0,67;0,97). As probabilidades de ocorrência de desfechos adversos quando se adota os parâmetros estabelecidos pela OMS são próximas de 20 por cento . Conclusão: A prevalência de anemia em pessoas idosas residentes no Município de São Paulo se aproxima de valores encontrados em outras populações. A doença foi associada à idade avançada, presença de diabetes, câncer e sintomas depressivos. Entre os desfechos adversos, a anemia foi associada à mobilidade comprometida e fragilidade. A alta probabilidade de ocorrência desses desfechos quando se considera os parâmetros vigentes reforça a necessidade de discutir a adequação dos pontos de corte para esse grupo etário, que auxiliaria na atuação mais precoce dos profissionais de saúde no tratamento da anemia e, consequentemente, evitaria, postergaria ou reverteria os desfechos adversos associados à doença. / Introduction: Anemia is the most commonly hematologic disorder in older adults, with a prevalence of approximately 10 per cent in community-living elderly. It is associated with several chronic diseases and other adverse health outcomes, such as impaired mobility, frailty and difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL). Objective: To evaluate factors associated to anemia and its relationship with adverse health outcomes in the older adults living in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: An observational cross-sectional population-based study, with a representative sample, which evaluated 1256 elderly ( 60 years) in 2010. The hemoglobin blood concentration was considered continuous or categorized as anemia according to WHO cutoffs (women: <12g/dL; Men: <13g/dL). We used hierarchical logistic regression to assess factors associated with the presence of anemia, and to evaluate the association of anemia with adverse health outcomes. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 7.7 per cent , among older adults, and the factors that remain statistically significant after adjustment are higher age, presence of diabetes, cancer and depressive symptoms. When considering adverse health outcomes, anemia remained significantly associated with frailty (OR=5.19, 95 per cent CI=2.41,11.20) and mobility difficulty (OR=2.10, 95 per cent CI=1.19, 3.69). Hemoglobin continuous concentration showed negative effect on the probability of outcomes - the higher the blood hemoglobin, the less chance of frailty (OR=0.91, 95 per cent CI=1.03,1.08) and mobility difficulty (OR=0,81, 95 per cent CI=0.67, 0.97). The probabilities of outcomes when the current cutoffs for anemia are adopted are about 20 per cent . Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in the older adults in São Paulo is close to the values found in other populations. The disease was associated with advanced age, presence of diabetes, cancer and depressive symptoms. Among health outcomes, anemia was associated to impaired mobility and frailty.The high probability of outcomes when the current WHO cutoff are take into account reinforces the discussion of rising the cutoff points for the older population, and even if it brings a greater burden for health services, it could help health professionals in early intervention for treatment of anemia, and thus prevent, delay or reverse the adverse outcomes.
117

Avaliação da mobilidade da coluna cervical e do segmento vertebral C1/C2 com o flexion rotation test em pacientes com migrânea episódica e crônica / Evaluation of the mobility of the cervical spine and vertebral segment C1/C2 with the flexion rotation test in patients with episodic migraine and chronic

Oliveira, Ana Izabela Sobral de 13 May 2016 (has links)
Objetivo: Investigar a mobilidade cervical e do segmento C1/C2 com o Flexion Rotation Test (FRT) em pacientes com migrânea crônica e episódica, e analisar a influência da cronicidade, da incapacidade cervical e da alodinia cutânea nessa mobilidade. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 85 mulheres com idade de 18 a 55 anos divididas em três grupos: migrânea crônica (MC)(n=25), migrânea episódica (ME)(n=30) e controle (n=30). O FRT e a avaliação da amplitude de movimento cervical foram avaliados com o instrumento CROM® acoplado a cabeça. Foram realizadas três repetições de cada movimento, aleatorizadas previamente. A média das repetições foi utilizada para a análise dos dados. A incapacidade cervical foi avaliada pelo Neck Disability Index e a alodinia cutânea pelo Allodynia Symptom Checklist (ASC-12). Quanto a mobilidade, os grupos foram comparados utilizando o teste Manova com pós teste de Bonferroni. A razão de prevalência foi utilizada para identificar a associação entre o diagnóstico de migrânea e a cronicidade com a mobilidade do segmento C1/C2. A regressão linear simples foi usada para identificar a influência da incapacidade cervical e da alodinia cutânea no FRT. Resultados: Todos os grupos diferiram nos valores do FRT (MC = 25.79º e 26.81º; ME = 33.44º e 32.18º; controle= 41.98º e 40.18º; nos movimentos a direita e esquerda, respectivamente, p<0.05). Apenas o grupo MC diferiu na amplitude de movimento cervical (p<0.05) do grupo controle em todos os movimentos. Pacientes com migrânea apresentaram 2.85 vezes mais associação ao risco de apresentar hipomobilidade no segmento C1/C2 comparado aos controles. A incapacidade cervical influenciou em 19% a amplitude desse segmento independente do diagnóstico de migrânea, enquanto que a alodinia cutânea não apresentou influência significativa. Conclusão: Mulheres com migrânea apresentam reduzida amplitude de movimento cervical, especialmente no segmento C1/C2, e maior risco de desenvolver hipomobilidade cervical superior comparado a mulheres sem cefaleia, sendo este risco aumentado pela cronicidade da doença. Além disso, a incapacidade cervical influencia no resultado do FRT, contrariamente a alodinia cutânea / Objective: To investigate the cervical and C1/C2 mobility with the Flexion Rotation Test (FRT) in patients with chronic and episodic migraine, and analyze the influence of the chronicity, cervical disability and cutaneous allodynia in this mobility. Methods: Were analyzed 85 women with age between 18 and 55 years, divided in three groups: chronic migraine (CM)(n=25), episodic migraine (EM)(n=30) and control (n=30). The FRT and cervical range of motion has been applied with the CROM® device coupled to the head. Were conducted three repetitions of each movements, randomized previously. The mean of the repetitions was used for data analysis. Cervical disability was assessed by the Neck Disability Index and cutaneous allodynia by the Allodynia Symptom Checklist (ASC-12). As for mobility, the groups were compared using MANOVA test with post-hoc de Bonferroni. The prevalence ratio was used to identify the association between the migraine diagnostic and chronicity with C1/C2 mobility, and simple linear regression was used to identify the influence of cervical disability and cutaneous allodynia in FRT. Results: All groups differed in the FRT (CM = 25.79º and 26.81º; EM = 33.44º and 32.18º; control = 41.98° and 40.18º; right and left movements, respectively, p <0.05). Only, CM group differed in cervical range of motion (P <0.05) to the control group in all movements. Migraine patients shows 2.85 times more association with risk for C1/C2 hypomobility compared to controls. Cervical disability influenced by 19% the ranger of this segment independent the diagnosis of migraine, while the cutaneous allodynia has not a significant influence. Conclusion: Women with migraine have reduced cervical range of motion, especially in the C1/C2 segment, and higher risk of develop superior cervical hypomobility compared to women without headache, and this risk was increased by the chronicity. Also, cervical disability influence the FRT, in contrast to cutaneous allodynia
118

Distribuição espacial de recursos florais e efeitos de agentes antagonistas e mutualistas sobre o sucesso reprodutivo de Eriotheca gracilipes (Malvaceae): um espécie de Cerrado / Floral resource spatial distribution and the effects of antagonists and mutualists in Eriotheca gracilipes (Malvaceae) reproductive success: a Brazilian savanna species

Emerique, Sylene Del Carlo 13 December 2007 (has links)
Neste estudo, avaliamos a distribuição espacial de recursos florais de Eriotheca gracilipes e suas conseqüências para a atividade de abelhas e florívoros no sucesso reprodutivo desta espécie de Cerrado. A distribuição de flores de Eriotheca gracilipes revelou que a disponibilidade destes recursos variou espacial e temporalmente. No ano em que a floração foi mais expressiva no cerrado, estas variações afetaram de modo distinto as abelhas grandes que visitam as flores de E. gracilipes à procura de néctar e pólen, quando estas abelhas responderam positivamente ao aumento na disponibilidade de flores, tanto na escala do indivíduo, como na escala da vizinhança. Independente da fase sexual das flores de E. gracilipes, a maior parte da variação na produção de energia do néctar é determinada pela variação entre flores e esta variação é determinada pela variação na produção de energia das flores na fase masculina. A maior produção de néctar na fase masculina das flores de Eriotheca gracilipes pode ser resultado de pressões seletivas distintas entre as funções sexuais. A incidência de florivoria em E. gracilipes diferiu entre os agentes e as fisionomias. As maiores taxas de sobrevivência das estruturas reprodutivas no cerrado e a correlação positiva entre o número de botões produzidos e o número de frutos formados nesta fisionomia reforçam a hipótese de que variações espaciais nas interações entre species, sejam elas mutualistas ou antagonistas, poderiam afetar diferentemente a reprodução sexuada de E. gracilipes, de acordo com as espécies antagonistas envolvidas. / In this study we evaluated the spatial distribution of Eriotheca gracilipes floral resources and its consequences for the bee foraging behavior, florivores and the reproductive output of this Cerrado species. Spatial and temporal variations were detected for Eriotheca gracilipes flower availability. At the cerrado physiognomy in 2005, this variation affected differently the large bees that visit E. gracilipes flowers, looking for pollen and nectar. Under this situation, we detected positive pollinator responses to the floral display of focal plants and also to its neighborhood. The greatest variation in energy production was explained by variation among flowers in male phase. The higher nectar production in male flowers indicated that distinct selective pressures might be occurring at each sexual function. The incidence of florivores reduced E. gracilipes flower availability and their action were different between agents and physionomies. Trigona spinipes had a major impact on buds and flowers of E. gracilipes at the campo cerrado. Our data indicate that spatial and temporal variation between plant-pollinator and plant-florivores occured even under low and almost homogeneous flower availability, affecting differently E. gracilipes reproductive success.
119

“Väldigt viktigt att den sexuella delen i livet inte glöms bort!” : En kvantitativ enkätstudie som beskriver i vilken utsträckning arbetsterapeuter inom ungdoms- och vuxenhabilitering i Sverige arbetar med sexuell hälsa samt deras uppfattning om ämnet. / “Very important not to forget the sexual part of life!” : A quantitative survey that describes the extent to which occupational therapists within habilitation in Sweden work with sexual health and what opinion they have about the topic.

Carlström, Martina, Fjäll, Hanna January 2019 (has links)
Studier visar att sexuell hälsa upplevs som ett relevant arbetsområde inom arbetsterapi men i nuläget är det många arbetsterapeuter som utesluter ämnet i sitt dagliga arbete, även inom habilitering. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva i vilken utsträckning arbetsterapeuter inom ungdoms- och vuxenhabilitering i Sverige arbetar med sexuell hälsa samt deras uppfattning om ämnet. Metod: En kvantitativ enkätstudie där deltagarna rekryterades genom ett icke slumpmässigt bekvämlighetsurval. Undersökningen bestod av 71 arbetsterapeuter som arbetar inom ungdoms- och vuxenhabilitering i Sverige. Data analyserades i statistikprogrammet IBM SPSS Statistics. Resultat: 53 deltagare hade aldrig utfört någon intervention relaterat till sexuell hälsa. 35 hade tagit upp ämnet med en patient någon/några gånger per år. 38 uppgav att deras patienter aldrig hade tagit upp ämnet med dem. 37 instämde delvis att de är bekväma med att ta upp frågor gällande ämnet. 55 ansåg att de inte har tillräckligt med kunskap för att kunna arbeta med ämnet. 42 ansåg att sexuell hälsa är en del av deras arbetsområde. Slutsats: Arbetsterapeuter inom habilitering är i behov av mer kunskap och verktyg för att kunna arbeta med ämnet på ett professionellt och tryggt sätt. Arbetsterapeuter har kompetens att arbeta med ämnet vilket kan ge patienterna möjligheten till en god sexuell hälsa. Genom tydligare riktlinjer på arbetsplatsen, mer undervisning i grundutbildningen samt utbildning via verksamheten kan arbetet för den sexuella hälsan gynnas för patienterna. / Studies indicate that sexual health is seen as a relevant work area within occupational therapy but it’s currently several occupational therapists that excludes the topic in their daily work, also within habilitation. Purpose: The purpose with this study was to describe the extent to which occupational therapists within youth and adult habilitation in Sweden work with sexual health and what opinion they have about the topic. Method: A quantitative survey where the participants were recruited through a non-probability convenience sampling. The survey consisted of 71 occupational therapists who works within youth and adult habilitation in Sweden. Data was analyzed in the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: 53 participants had never implemented any intervention related to sexual health. 35 had addressed the topic with a patient some/a few times per year. 38 stated that their patients never had addressed the topic with them. 37 partly concurred that they were comfortable with addressing questions regarding the topic. 55 considered that they did not have enough knowledge in order to work with the topic 42 considered sexual health as a part of their work area. Conclusion: Occupational therapists within habilitation need more knowledge and tools to be able to work with the topic professionally and safely. Occupational therapists have competence to work with the topic which can give patients the ability to have a good sexual health. By implementing guidelines, more training in basic education and education in the workplace, the work with sexual health can improve for the patients.
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Rendimiento físico y fuerza muscular en pacientes adultos mayores con diabetes y sin diabetes de un hospital público de Lima (Perú) / Physical performance and muscle strength in older patients with and without diabetes from a public hospital in Lima, Peru

Palacios Chávez, Milenka, Dejo Seminario, Christine, Mayta-Tristan, Percy 05 1900 (has links)
El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between physical performance (PP) and muscle strength (MS) in elderly subjects with and without diabetes in a public hospital of Lima, Peru. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional analysis of subjects aged 60 years or older with and without diabetes. MS was measured with a handheld dynamometer, and PP with the «timed get-up-and-go» test. Nutritional status was determined using body mass index, body fat percentage measured with a handheld fat loss monitor and protein intake based on the 24-hour recall. Age, sex, and history of hospitalization and supplementation were also recorded. The association was assessed using adjusted prevalence ratios. RESULTS: Overall, 139 patients with diabetes (26.6% with low PP and 13.7% with decreased MS) and 382 subjects without diabetes (36.6% with low PP and 23.0% with decreased MS) were evaluated. No association was found between T2DM and MS (aPR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.67-1.57) or PP (aPR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.84-1.52). Protein and supplement consumption was also unrelated (P>.05); however, history of hospitalization, age, sex, nutritional status, and body fat percentage were related (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between T2DM, MS, and PP. However, low PP was associated to female sex and overweight/obesity, and decreased MS was associated to high body fat percentage and underweight. Moreover, MS and PP were related to older age and history of hospitalization. / Revisión por pares

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