Denna uppsats har undersökt vilka förmågor som är centrala för en chef att besitta för att bli en effektiv chef inom manöverkrigföringen. Förmågorna som denna uppsats identifierat som centrala är: Kreativitet, initiativkraft/handlingskraft, självständighet, god utbildningsståndpunkt inom taktik och stridsteknik samt förmåga i att tillämpa uppdragstaktik. Dessa förmågor anses av litteraturen som studerats i denna uppsats som de mest centrala för chefen att besitta. Vidare så har uppsatsen undersökt vilka utbildningsmetoder som kan användas för att utveckla de ovannämnda förmågorna hos elever. Det finns en mängd metoder som rekommenderas men de som anses som mest effektiva är dubbelsidiga övningar och muntliga stridsövningar under förutsättningen att elevernahar en grundlagd utbildning i taktik och stridsteknik. Oavsett vilken metod som används så får det aldrig finnas ett facit för vilken lösning som är den rätta utan det som är centralt är att utvärdera beslutsfattarens tankeprocess. Det vikiga är att tankeprocessen har en sammanhängande logik med spårbarhet från tilldelad uppgift vidare till en analys och slutligen till agerandet. Utefter de centrala förmågorna samt vilka utbildningsmetoder som anses effektiva så analyserades sedan Grundkurs plutonchef i insatsorganisationen (amfibie), 1OP090. Analysen visade att utbildningen har använt många av de utbildningsmetoder som anses som effektiva. Det som identifierades som brister var att lärarna måste ändra sitt synsätt från att försöka få fram den bästa lösningen när t ex muntliga stridsövningar genomfördes och istället ge feedback på elevernas tankeprocess. Samt att de bör låta eleverna få tillämpa sina planer på något vis för att på så sätt lära sig vad som var bra och vad somvar mindre bra med dem. Önskvärt vore också att en dubbelsidig övning hade genomförts då detta anses som den mest effektiva utbildningsmetoden. / This essay has examined the abilities that are essential for a commander to possess in order to become effective in maneuver warfare. The central abilities that this essay has identified are the following; creativity, initiative, decisiveness, autonomy, high standards in tactics, military technology and the application of mission type tactics. These abilities were identified as essential capabilities for commanders. Furthermore, the essay has studied the training methods that can be used to develop the previously mentioned abilities of students. There are numerous methods that are recommended, but those which are considered most effective are two-sided combat drills and oral exercises on the assumption that students have training in tactics and military technology. Regardless of training methods used, the tactical solution is less important to evaluate than the decision-maker's thought process. It is important that the thought process has coherent and logic traceability from the assigned task to analysis and action. Along the core capabilities and the training methods that are considered effective, as analyzed in Grundkurs plutonchef i insatsorganisationen (amfibie), 1OP090, the analysis showed that the training has used many of the training methods that are considered effective. It identified that the teachers must change the approach from trying to obtain the best solution when, for example verbal combat drills were carried out and instead provide feedback on students' thought processes. Furthermore, they should allow students to apply their plans, and make them learn by their mistakes. It would also be desirable that the double-sided exercise had been carried out to the fullest since this is considered as the most effective training method.

Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003 ses ofta som det första tydliga exemplet på amerikansk manöverkrigföring. Under Andra Världskriget hade den amerikanska 4. Pansardivisionen hade en chef i Generalmajor John S. Wood som studerat Liddell Hart, de Gaulle, Fuller och von Seeckt under mellankrigstiden. Kan detta ha renderat i att divisionen stred enligt manöverkrigföringsteorier före 2003? För att analysera detta har ett enkelt teoretiskt perspektiv i form av William S. Linds referenspunkter uppdragstaktik, schwerpunkt och ytor och luckor från Maneuver Warfare Handbook applicerats på fallet som utgörs av 4. Pansardivisionens strider i Lorraine i september 1944 eftersom dessa omfattar både anfall och försvar. 4. Pansardivisionen anföll inledningsvis över floden Moselle och inneslöt en tysk division i staden Nancy med en dubbel omfattning för att därefter föra ett framgångsrikt försvar mot upprepade motanfall från tyska Femte Pansararmén. Tyvärr har inte några källor avseende processer och resulterande order vid 4. Pansardivisionen kunnat säkras. Dock har källor som omfattar generella tankesätt och doktriner vid divisionen studerats. Analysen visar att 4. Pansardivisionen nyttjade Linds referenspunkter i olika stor omfattning. Tydligast är att divisionen använde sig av referenspunkten ytor och luckor i striden. 4. Pansardivisionen nyttjade regelmässigt kombinerade vapen i form av direktriktad och indirekt eld samt flygunderstöd i striden vilket fick en tysk chef att hävda att normala principer för pansarkrigföring inte var tillämpbara på västfronten. Divisionen avdelade sällan reserver men lyckades ändå sätta in motanfall vid ett flertal tillfällen för att använda tyskarnas rörelse mot dem själva. / In Sweden Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 is often viewed upon as the first clear example of American maneuver warfare. During the Second World War the commander of the American 4th Armored Division was initially Major General John S. Wood. He had studied Liddell Hart, de Gaulle, Fuller and von Seeckt during the interwar years. Could this have rendered in the 4th Armored Division fighting according to maneuver warfare theories before 2003? To analyze this, a simple theory in the shape of William S. Lind´s reference points: mission-type orders, schwerpunkt and surfaces and gaps from the Maneuver Warfare Handbook have been applied to a case. The case chosen is the fighting that the 4th Armored Division conducted in September of 1944 in the province of Lorraine since this battle includes both offensive and defensive action. Initially the 4th Armored Division penetrated the German defensive line along the Moselle to encircle the city of Nancy and a German division by a double envelopment. Thereafter the division successfully fought of the repeated counterattacks conducted by the German Fifth Panzer Army.  No sources include the processes with resulting orders that the division’s commanders gave during the battles have been available for this study. To make up for this sources regarding the doctrine of the 4th Armored Division as a whole have been studied.   The results indicate that the 4th Armored Division used Lind’s reference points to varying degrees. The division clearly used the reference point called surfaces and gaps. The 4th Armored Division regularly used combined arms in the shape of direct and indirect fire as well as air-support. This was to such a degree that one German commander wrote that the normal principles of armored warfare did not apply to the western front. The division seldom had reserves available for counter-attacks but often managed to assemble enough units to counter-attack and to use the movement of the Germans against themselves.

Influences from military theory are a part of the development of military doctrines. This thesis has, by using a method with three different dichotomies, traced and classified influences from William S Lind’s theories regarding manoeuvre warfare in the Swedish military doctrine, for land operations. The purpose has been to discuss the connection between military theory and how the Swedish doctrine for land operations (DMarkO) has been formulated. It has also been to show what this influence depends on and what consequences it will present. The examination has shown that William S. Lind’s theory regarding manoeuvre warfare has a great impact and influence on the content of DMarkO. This used through direct literal use of the theory and also through an indirect influence. It has, however, been difficult to reconstruct and to show awareness from the authors’ perspective that William S. Lind has been a deliberate choice to use regarding what to write in the doctrine. On the other hand, the parts that together constitute the theory are known as classical military maxims, and they are therefore as such, hard to relate only to Lind and his theory regarding manoeuvre warfare. “Main effort” or “Schwerpunkt” is such an example, used by Lind as a part of his theory but also known as a military maxim. / I denna uppsats avhandlas hotuppfattningar och strategier för maritim säkerhet i Östersjön ur ett svenskt perspektiv. Ökade varuflöden, oljetransporter och handel inom östersjöregionen har tillsammans med den snabba omvärldsutvecklingen bidragit till ett nationellt och transnationellt intresse för bibehållen maritim säkerhet i Östersjön. Syftet med uppsatsen är att med kunskap om av regering och riksdag identifierade hot under perioden 1998-2009, analysera vilka strategier Sverige valt för att hantera hoten och bibehålla den maritima säkerheten. För att identifiera hoten mot svenska intressen i Östersjön har teorin om det vidgade säkerhetsbegreppet använts för att med sektorerna; politik, ekonomi, samhälle, miljö samt militär identifiera de hot som regering och riksdag lyfter fram i propositioner och försvarsberedningar. Strategierna som har analyserats har fokus både på svenskt nationellt såväl som transnationellt samarbete och berör både nutid och framtid. Resultatet av uppsatsen visar att Sverige lägger allt mer fokus på transnationellt samarbete med bl.a. EU och de nordiska länderna men att även instruktioner till svenska myndigheter betonar ökat behov av samarbete för att hantera de identifierade hoten.

Jenny Lind was an opera singer in the years 1838–49. During this time she was given the status f an icon mainly due to her image. She was almost sanctified by the press. Her “private personality” was assigned a saintly purity, and she became a stereotype symbol of femininity. This dissertation investigates what factors interacted that made this possible, and highlight the importance of Lind’s voice for her image. Jenny Lind’s voice was a high soprano, but not very powerful. By positioning herself in a singing tradition that corresponded to her voice’s advantages, she managed to develop an equilibrium, which she used well. Lind’s voice was often perceived as unusual; she had a particular voice timbre. She also had a vocal defect. Her tones from f’–a’ are described as “husky”, and sometimes hoarse. This means that her voice let through more air than her vocal cords could use. My argument is that it was the voice damage that created unique timbre that the contemporary critics perceived as particularly “feminine”. Lind’s weak and damaged voice corresponds to the nineteenth century’s female ideal: fragile and weak. Moreover, Lind needed to adept her roles to her damage voice and the consequence was that also her interpretations were perceived “feminine”. In other words, Lind exerted a gender performative voice processing. All of Jenny Lind’s roles became representatives of femininity, regardless of whether it was the role’s purpose or not. Lind adapted all her interpretations to her weak voce, it's strength being high notes, pianissimo dynamics and equilibrism, and gave all her roles a genderstereotyped voice.

William S. Lind och Robert Leonhard har båda givit ut skrifter som behandlar begreppet manöverkrigföring. Försvarsmakten skall vid operationer använda sig av manövertänkandet som enligt doktrinen har sin grund i manöverkrigföring. Den svenska doktrinen avser att ta utgångspunkt i teorin men lämnar fåtalet referenser till detta i sin utformning. Uppsatsen syftar till att studera likheterna mellan William S Lind och Robert Leonhards teorier om manöverkrigföring, och det manövertänkande som finns i Doktrin för gemensamma operationer. Författaren har genom en kvalitativ textanalys tagit ut ett antal indikatorer från teorierna som sedan har analyserats i doktrinen för att finna liknelser dessa emellan. Resultatet visar att Lind och Leonhards teorier om manöverkrigföring i vissa avseenden kan liknas vid doktrinen, samt att fler liknelser till Linds teori har funnits i doktrinen. Dock är det överlag få liknelser som har påträffats. / William S. Lind and Robert Leonhard have both published papers that explain how they look on maneuver warfare. Swedish Armed Forces during operations make use of maneuver thinking that is based on maneuver warfare according to the doctrine. The Swedish doctrine refers to the basis of the theory, but provides few references to this in their design.The paper aims to study the similarities between William S. Lind and Robert Leonhard's theory of maneuver warfare, and the wordings which are in Doctrine for joint operations.The author has through a qualitative textual analysis made a number of indicators from the theories that have been analyzed in the doctrine to find similarities between them.The results show that Lind and Leonhard's theory of maneuver warfare are in some respects similar to the doctrine, and more similarities has been found in Lind's theory than in Leonhard's. But it is overall few similarities that have been found.

Univ., Diss--Porto, 2000.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-06T13:11:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Edivan Rodrigues de Souza (1).pdf: 935002 bytes, checksum: 814ab3406904eb74d9b9815203ca58d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T13:11:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edivan Rodrigues de Souza (1).pdf: 935002 bytes, checksum: 814ab3406904eb74d9b9815203ca58d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Due to environmental and economic impacts of salinity and sodicity in soils, forms of recovery of theses soils contribute to improving the productivity and sustainability of farming systems and techniques for recovering theses soils is phytoremediation, using efficient plants at extracting of salts from soils. This study aims to evaluate the growth, production and extraction of salts by Atriplex nummularia grown on saline-sodic soil under water stress conditions, to compare soil properties before and after their cultivation, and to evaluate the osmotic potential of soil solution and morphoanatomy of vesicular cells accumulation of salts. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse for 134 days, by growing Atriplex nummularia in pots with 20 kg of saline sodic with four levels of soil moisture (35, 55, 75 and 95% of field capacity) with a control (soil without plant). The experiment was performed in a randomized block with eight replications. The height, diameter and yield of dry leaf, stem and root were sensitive to soil moisture, and humidity corresponding to 75 and 95% of field capacity which resulted in better results. The vesicular cells of Atriplex nummularia were sensitive to variations in water content in soil. The variables of the exchangeable cations (Ca2+,Mg2+, K+, sum of bases) and total organic carbon remained stable between the beginning and end of the experiment in all treatments, while Na+ and exchangeable sodium percentage decreased after cultivation of the plant. In the soil solution the dynamics of the elements was evidenced by observing increases in Ca2+ Mg2+, Na+, Cl- and osmotic potential at the end of the cycle. The measurement of osmotic potential can be indicated as a good attribute for evaluating responses to treatments with hidric stress and saline water in plant and soil. The high concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and especially Na+ and Cl- in leaves of Atriplex nummularia, associated with high dry matter production characterizes this species as plant phytoextraction of salts. / Devido aos impactos ambientais e econômicos da salinidade e sodicidade em solos, formas de recuperação desses solos contribuem sobremaneira para a melhoria da produtividade e sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas e uma das técnicas de recuperação destes solos é a fitorremediação, com a utilização de plantas eficientes na extração de sais dos solos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento, a produção e extração de sais pela Atriplex nummularia Lindl. cultivada em solo salino sódico sob condições de estresse hídrico, comparar propriedades do solo antes e após seu cultivo, além de avaliar o potencial osmótico da solução do solo e das folhas e analisar a morfoanatomia das células vesiculares acumuladoras de sais. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação durante 134 dias, cultivando-se Atriplex nummularia em vasos com 20 kg de solo salino sódico em quatro níveis de umidade (35, 55, 75 e 95% da capacidade de campo), com um tratamento controle (sem cultivo), montados em blocos casualizados, com oito repetições. A altura, o diâmetro e as produções de massa seca de folha, caule e raiz foram sensíveis à umidade do solo, sendo as umidades correspondentes a 75 e 95% da capacidade de campo as que possibilitaram os melhores resultados. As células vesiculares de Atriplex nummularia foram sensíveis a variações do teor de água no solo. As variáveis do complexo sortivo do solo (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, soma de bases) e o carbono orgânico total permaneceram estáveis entre o início e final do experimento em todos os tratamentos, enquanto o Na+ e a percentagem de sódio trocável diminuíram após o cultivo da planta. Na solução do solo a dinâmica dos elementos foi evidenciada, observando aumentos de Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl- e potencial osmótico ao final do ciclo. A medida de potencial osmótico pode ser indicada como um bom atributo para avaliar as respostas de tratamentos com estesse hídrico e água salina em planta e solo. As altas concentrações de Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ e, especialmente Na+ e Cl- nas folhas de Atriplex nummularia, associadas à elevada produção de massa seca caracteriza esta espécie como planta fitoextratora de sais.

Formålet med arbeidet er å som tubaist finne metoder for et uanstrengt spillende. Jeg vil undersøke hvordan man kan systematisk arbeide mot et spillesett der tekniske utfordinger, og mentale sperrer i minst mulig grad hindrer det musikalske uttrykket. Det har skjedd gjennom studier av relevant litteratur av Peter Ralston og Kenny Werner, i kombinasjon med innstudering og analyse av Torbjörn Iwan Lundquists konsert Landskap for tuba, strykeorkester og piano. Studiens metode består av litteraturstudier og praktiske øvinger. I tillegg vil det bli gjort rede for material som utnyttes i innstuderingen og fremføringen av stykket Landskap. I studien kom jeg frem til at det kan være av stor nytte å systematisk analysere et verk, med fokus på tekniske utfordringer, og mulige løsninger. Jeg kom også frem til at man kan gjøre store forbedringer som musiker, ved å metodisk arbeide for å spille mer uanstrengt. / <p>Landskap, Torbjörn Iwan Lundquist</p><p>Medvirkende: Asuka Nakamura - piano</p><p>Sontatine, Eugène Bozza</p><p>Medvirkende: Tamás Mészáros - trompet</p><p>Adam Skogh - trompet</p><p>Amelia Fridfors - trombone</p><p>Jonas Brodin - trombone</p>

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka Siri Derkerts och Vera Nilssons betydelse för att vi har konst i tunnelbanan idag. SL kallar tunnelbanan för ”världens längsta konstutställning” och drygt 200 konstnärer har bidragit till utsmyckningen och gestaltningen av de semi-offentliga rum som tunnelbanan utgör. Den första oktober 1950 invigs den första tunnelbanesträckan och dessa nya tunnelbanestationer hade ingen konst. Debatten om konstsmyckningar i tunnelbanan tog fart redan innan den första tunnelbanestationen öppnade. 1955 tog Stockholms stadsfullmäktige beslutet att det ska vara konst i tunnelbanan. Staden och Stockholms spårvägar utlyste en tävling 1956 om vem som får smycka T-Centralen. Nilsson och Derkert, som initierat tävlingen, fanns bland de konstnärer som fick uppdraget att smycka T-Centralen som invigdes 1957: Vera Nilsson med mosaikpelaren Det Klara som trots allt inte försvinner (1957) och Siri Derkert med Linje (1958) en pelare i betong, även kallad Kvinnopelaren.

Clara Schumann’s 1850 tour of northern Germany with her husband officially ended with a successful concert in Altona where Jenny Lind made a surprise appearance. Immediately thereafter, one more concert featuring the pianist, singer, and Robert’s music was added at the last minute to take place in Hamburg. This too was a success. But a detail that made it especially memorable was Lind’s position behind the piano lid so that, as Clara recounted in her diary, many audience members could hardly catch a glimpse of her. This paper explores the rationales and implications of this singular and fleeting moment, and teases out aspects of the two star performers’ relationship both on and off the stage. In the process, the paper draws attention to hitherto neglected variables in the performance practice of Lieder and seeks to expand our lines of inquiry with regards to the 19th-century Lied as cultural practice.