Nothing has influenced and affected the Lutheran Church in the U.S.A. in the past century more than the doctrine of the Church and its Ministry. When the first Norwegian immigrants entered the U.S. in the middle of the 19th century, there were not enough Lutheran pastors to minister to the spiritual needs of the people. Some of these immigrants resorted to a practice that had been used in Norway, that of using lay-preachers. This created problems because of a lack of proper theological training. The result was the teaching of false doctrine. Some thought more highly of the lay-preachers than they did of the ordained clergy. Consequently clergy were often viewed with a discerning eye and even despised. This was one of the earliest struggles within the Norwegian Synod. Further controversies involved whether the local congregation is the only form in which the church exists. Another facet of the controversy involves whether or not the ministry includes only the pastoral office; whether or not only ordained clergy do the ministry; whether teachers in the Lutheran schools are involved in the ministry; and whether or not any Christian can participate in the public ministry. Is a missionary, who serves on behalf of the entire church body, a pastor? If only the local congregation can call a pastor, then a missionary cannot be a pastor because he serves the entire church body in establishing new congregations. Is a seminary professor, who trains future pastors, a pastor? If only the local congregation can call a pastor, a seminary professor cannot be a pastor because he is called by the seminary board of control and not one particular congregation. In seeking to develop a statement that clearly defines the doctrine of the Church and its Ministry, a controversy exists within the church body known as the Evangelical Lutheran Synod (ELS), the successor synod to the Norwegian Synod. The reason for the controversy is that two different views of how to develop a doctrinal statement exist in the ELS. Some go directly to Scripture and set forth a position. Others follow an example found in C.F.W. Walther's theses on Church and Ministry. They misunderstand and misuse this approach that was developed only for use in a controversy against an erring Lutheran pastor, Johannes Grabau of the Buffalo Synod. Many of those who utilize this approach are former members of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod (LCMS), of which Walther was one of the founders. As a result of the two distinct approaches, there has been an inability to unanimously agree on the wording of the statements on the doctrine of the Church and its Ministry. It is the conclusion of the author that it is this reliance on statements made by individuals in previous centuries regarding particular situations that has caused the struggle to develop and serves to prolong it. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)

Federação Luterana Mundial / En el presente trabajo se destacan los logros alcanzados en la praxis educativa de los colegios Luteranos de Colombia en lo referente a la formación vocacional y el arraigo de valores cristianos en los estudiantes como guía para su desarrollo y desempeño personal y comunitario. El objeto de este estudio parte de la narrativa de vida del docente directivo y teólogo JOSE BENJAMÍN OJEDA GUAJE, estudiante de uno de los colegios pioneros CELCO y posteriormente docente, pastor y presidente de la IELCO, mantenedora de los colegios. El desarrollo del trabajo se plantea, en primera instancia, en un primer capítulo con la justificación de la selección de la historia de vida, para luego presentar la autobiografía que fue escrita exclusivamente por el exponente para esta pesquisa y donde se puede identificar cómo la influencia de la educación recibida lo llevó, durante todos los procesos de su trabajo con la iglesia, a ser un pilar fundamental en la creación de nuevos colegios luteranos en Colombia y su proyecto institucional en función de cumplir con la misión de la iglesia en esta área. La disertación hace una reflexión teológica-pedagógica sobre las dimensiones de la fe cristiana y estudia de manera general la influencia de la reforma en la educación protestante iniciando con el contexto inmediato de Lutero, para luego ver su trascendencia en América del Norte y Latinoamérica partiendo de los escritos pedagógicos de Lutero y retomando sus redescubiertas teológicas que le sirvieron para fundamentar un nuevo concepto de educación. Un último capítulo parte de esta influencia educativa de la reforma en Latinoamérica y específicamente en Colombia, iniciando con un panorama general de los inicios del protestantismo en este país, para luego pasar por el proceso de desarrollo de la iglesia Luterana en Colombia y su ministerio educativo durante los 70 años de vida de la IELCO.y su horizonte institucional. / The following thesis presents the results achieved by the Colombian Lutheran schools educational system based on religious and Christian values by showing how these values benefit the performance and development of its students in their personal and community life. The basis for this study is the life story of Educational Director and Theologian, JOSÉ BENJAMÍN OJEDA GUAJE, a former student of one of the first schools (CELCO), who later became a teacher, then pastor and finally IELCO president. IELCO is the parent church in charge of this school system. The first chapter explains why JOSÉ BENJAMÍN OJEDA GUAJES life story was chosen, followed by his autobiography, exclusively written by the author for this research project. It describes how the education received was essential to his becoming a fundamental pillar of the creation of new Lutheran schools in Colombia as well as their institutional projects based on the Lutheran Churchs mission in the education field. This dissertation is a theological pedagogical analysis of the Christians faith dimensions and a general study of the reformations influence on protestant education. It begins with Luthers immediate context, followed by its widespread transcendence in North and Latin America. This momentous spreading was based on Luthers pedagogical writings and his theological discoveries that helped him to form his new concept on education. A last chapter describes the reformations influence on Latin Americas education system and especially of Colombia. It starts with a panorama of the beginning of the protestant movement beginnings in Colombia, followed by the development of the Lutheran Church in Colombia and its education ministry during IELCOs 70 years of existence and ends with its present institutional horizon.

Esta dissertação quer discutir a presença da confessionalidade luterana numa escola da Rede Sinodal de Educação, vinculada à IECLB (Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil). A escola em foco é o Instituto Superior e Centro Educacional Luterano Bom Jesus/IELUSC que, desde dezembro de 2006, teve seu nome mudado para Associação Educacional Luterana Bom Jesus/IELUSC. O Bom Jesus/IELUSC tem sua origem em 1866, com a construção da Deutsche Schule (Escola Alemã). Esta é fechada em 1938 e seu prédio é alugado para abrigar o Instituto Bom Jesus, iniciado em 1926, de propriedade da professora Ana Maria Harger. Em 1963, a Comunidade Evangélica de Joinville, dona do imóvel da antiga Deutsche Schule, compra o Instituto Bom Jesus, que passa a ser uma escola da Comunidade e, portanto, com identidade confessional luterana. A forma como essa confessionalidade se expressa, desde 1963 até hoje, é o tema deste trabalho. A partir da aquisição da escola pela CEJ, essa passa a chamar-se Colégio Bom Jesus. A união do pátio da escola com o da Comunidade, e seu conseqüente uso partilhado, tornou-se representativo das novas configurações e relações de poder. Há remodelações, disputas, ampliações e tentativas de novas criações. Esses movimentos geraram tensões e revelaram diferenças entre os objetivos de uma escola confessional e os de uma escola privada/particular. A aparência de uma escola comunitária/confessional nem sempre consegue esconder os valores e prioridades presentes em uma escola privada. Na busca por uma aparência e essência confessionais no Instituto Bom Jesus/IELUSC, foram criados o pastorado escolar e o universitário, que contribuíram para o diálogo entre a teologia luterana e a pedagogia, conforme previsto nas Diretrizes da Política Educacional da IECLB. Contudo, tanto um pastorado quanto o outro foram extintos de forma brusca e conflituosa. A tensão provocada pelos processos de extinção dos pastorados contribuiu também para revelar limites e disputas entre a essência e a aparência do Instituto. / This dissertation seeks to discuss the presence of Lutheran confessionality in a school of the Rede Sinodal de Educação, linked to the Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil (IECLB). The Associação Educacional Luterana Bom Jesus/IELUSC, which prior to December 2006 was called Instituto Superior e Centro Educacional Luterano Bom Jesus/IELUSC, is the school discussed in this paper. Bom Jesus/IELUSC began in 1866, with the building of the Deutsche Schule (German School). This school was closed in 1938. The building was rented to the Instituto Bom Jesus, which was founded in 1926 by a teacher, Ana Maria Harger. The Comunidade Evangélica de Joinville (CEJ), who owned the Deutsche Schule building, bought the Instituto Bom Jesus in 1963 and started a Church-school based on lutheran confession identity. This paper will describe the affects of introducing Lutheran confessionality from 1963 to the present on this school. Comunidade Evangélica de Joinville changed the name of the school to Colégio Bom Jesus. The union of the school yard with the yard of the Congregation, and its consequent common use, became representative of the new configurations and relationships of power. It has undergone remodelings, disputes, enlargement and attempts at new creations. These developments have produced tensions and disclosed conflicts between the objectives of a confessional school and a private school. The appearance of a confessional/congregational school is not always able to hide the values and priorities present in a private school. In order to present a confessional appearance and meaning, the Institute created a ministry for a School Pastor and a ministry for a College Pastor. Both ministries contributed to the dialogue between Lutheran theology and pedagogy as understood in the objectives of the Educational Politics of the IECLB. Both ministries were closed abruptly and in a conflictive manner. The tension provoked by the procedure used for closure of these ministries continues to reveal limits and disputes between the essence and the appearance of the Institute.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil / Federação Luterana Mundial / A presente tese estuda o fenômeno migratório para a Amazônia a partir da migração de luteranos provenientes do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil e da atuação da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB). A área geográfica corresponde às fronteiras do Sínodo da Amazônia. O recorte temporal é delimitado pela migração dos primeiros luteranos para a região em 1967 e pela incorporação da região à estrutura eclesiástica em 1997. Neste ano, foi instituído o Sínodo da Amazônia. O estudo está subdividido em dois capítulos e é feito a partir da história social e cultural. No primeiro, aborda a iniciativa migratória com base em estudos sociológicos e antropológicos, buscando por causas e motivos da migração. Nesse primeiro capítulo, também é ressaltado o processo de encontro cultural com outros migrantes, com as populações caboclas que viviam na região e com a população indígena, uma vez que os migrantes luteranos entraram em competição com esses grupos pela posse do território. No segundo capítulo, a tese aborda a atuação da igreja para montar estruturas e acompanhar esses migrantes. A IECLB incentivou a migração e a permanência de luteranos na Amazônia. Criou e manteve projetos que atraíram e ajudaram os colonos a se fixarem. Esse trabalho visava favorecer os migrantes em geral e também a população cabocla. Durante este período a IECLB, também, começou a atuar junto aos povos indígenas da região. A idéia era atender a pessoa como um todo e todas as pessoas, como se dizia na época. Assim, nesse novo contexto, a igreja tentou ensaiar novos jeitos de ser igreja. A tese procura analisar esses diferentes jeitos e os atritos e conflitos que decorrem do embate entre eles. / This dissertation studies the migratory phenomenon to the Amazon area focusing on the migration of Lutherans coming from Southern and Southeastern Brazil and on the action of the Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) [The Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil]. The geographical area corresponds with the boundaries of the Amazonia Synod. The time frame limits are the migration of the first Lutherans to the region in 1967 and the incorporation of the region into the ecclesisatical structure in 1997. The Amazonia Synod was instituted in that year. The study is subdivided into two chapters and is based on social and cultural history. In the first, the migratory initiative is approached through sociological and anthropological studies, seeking the causes and motives for the migration. In this first chapter the process of the cultural encounter with other migrants, with the cabocla (mixed Black, Indian, European) populations who had colonized and lived in the region and with the indigenous population is also highlighted since the Lutheran migrants entered into competition with these groups for the possession of the land. In the second chapter, the dissertation talks of the action of the church in mounting structures and accompanying these migrants. The IECLB encouraged the migration and the permanence of the Lutherans in the Amazon area. It created and maintained projects that attracted and helped the settlers to stay on the land. The goal of this work was to favor the migrants in general and also the cabocla population. During this period the IECLB also began to work with the indigenous peoples of the region. The idea was to tend to the person as a whole and tend to all people as the saying went at the time. Thus, in this new context, the church practiced new ways of being a church. The dissertation seeks to analyze these different ways and the friction and conflicts that result from the clash between them.

Este trabalho faz uma análise sobre o envolvimento, desde o início da confessionalidade luterana, com a educação escolar das crianças em Angola. A primeira parte faz uma abordagem educacional das crianças sob princípio da cultura e tradição dos povos Bantu em Angola. Esta parte inclui a gestação, a infância, a adolescência, e os ritos de passagem para meninas e meninos. A implantação da Igreja em Angola decorre em simultâneo com a fixação do colonialismo. Por isso os planos da Educação da Igreja eram subordinados às pretensões do sistema colonial. A segunda parte analisa o quanto a Missão Evangélica Luterana em Angola valorizou a educação da criança, começando com a própria tradição luterana. Nesta parte fala-se alto a catequese desde a Reforma na Alemanha até ao surgimento da Igreja Luterana em Angola. Esta é a parte do trabalho que é emocionante no ponto de vista histórico. Porque traz à tona histórias de pessoas que morreram pela implantação da Igreja Luterana em Angola. Aqui percebe-se que o sistema colonial ofereceu ao povo angolano, principalmente àqueles que tinham como opção a confissão Luterana uma igreja, uma língua para o ensino escolar e prisão ou morte aos reticentes. A terceira e última parte fala da Igreja Evangélica Luterana de Angola, em sua relevância para a Educação escolar das crianças a partir da grande comissão de Jesus Cristo em Mateus 28.19-20. Aborda sobre a criança na Bíblia e as relações das crianças com a família moderna em Angola, mostrando o quanto a confessionalidade luterana valoriza a educação da criança e termina com o delineamento de um projecto educativo da IELA que é um desafio. O trabalho começa com uma introdução sucinta e encerra com uma conclusão sintética. / This work makes an analysis on involvement from the beginning of the Evangelical Lutheran confession with childrens education school in Angola. The first part makes an education approach of children, starting from the traditional and culture of Bantu people in Angola. This part includes gestation, childhood, adolescence and rites of passages for girls and boys. The implantation of the church in Angola elapses in simultaneous with the fixation of the colonialism system. Therefore the education plan of the church was subordinated under pretensions of colonialism system. The second part analysis how, the Evangelical Lutheran mission in Angola, valued the childrens school education. In this part, is spoken loudly about the catechism from the reform of the church in Germany until the appearance of the Lutheran Church in Angola. This is, also, a part of the work that is touching in the historical point of view, because it brings to the unstressed histories of people, that were arrested and another died because of the implantation of the Lutheran Church in Angola. It is noticed that the colonial system offered to the Angolan people mainly to those that had as eclesial option the Lutheran confession a church, a language for teaching and prison or death for the reticent. The third part and the last one speeches on the evangelical Lutheran church of Angola in its relevance for childrens education. It is showing that Christian Education starts from Jesus Christs Great Commission in Mathew 28.19-20. It approaches on the children in the Bible, the childs relationships with the modern family in Angola, showing how the Lutheran confession values the childrens school education and finishing with a proposal of an education project of IELA that is a challenge. The work starts with a brief introduction and ends with a synthetic conclusion.

O presente trabalho intenta analisar as estratégias missionárias de caráter luterano que vêm sendo desenvolvidas no contexto da Igreja Evangélica Luterana de Angola (IELA) desde seu surgimento até os dias atuais. As condições sociais e políticas, as dificuldades econômicas e os conflitos bélicos têm se caracterizado como uma atmosfera de muitas limitações para o trabalho missionário da IELA, pois as condições vêm se apresentando sempre em meio a dificuldades geopolíticas muito limitadoras para a ação missionária e o cuidado pastoral. A IELA busca caminhos que apontem na direção da autonomia em sentido amplo. Para tanto, a pesquisa quer ajudar na compreensão do contexto em que a mesma se encontra, permitindo assim certa percepção dos limites e das possibilidades do trabalho missionário luterano em Angola. / This paper attempts to analyze the missionary strategies of Lutheran character that have been developed in the context of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Angola (ELCA) since its inception to the present day. The social and political conditions, economic difficulties and armed conflicts have been characterized as an atmosphere of many limitations to the missionary work of the ELCA, because the conditions are always presenting themselves in the midst of very limiting geopolitical difficulties of missionary work and pastoral care. The ELCA search paths that toward autonomy in the broad sense. To this end, the research wants to help in understanding the context in which it is allowing certain perception of the limits and possibilities of a lutheran missionary action in Angola.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-31T20:32:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 elvioneifigur.pdf: 2651084 bytes, checksum: 2772677f0539e39c525d652067a83802 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-01T11:52:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 elvioneifigur.pdf: 2651084 bytes, checksum: 2772677f0539e39c525d652067a83802 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T11:52:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elvioneifigur.pdf: 2651084 bytes, checksum: 2772677f0539e39c525d652067a83802 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Para Søren Kierkegaard, a vida exige o encontro de uma verdade pela qual se possa viver e morrer. Segundo ele, a incerteza objetiva, sustentada na apropriação da mais apaixonada interioridade é a verdade, a mais alta verdade que há para um existente. Essa definição de verdade como subjetividade é, ainda, uma paráfrase da fé. Para o filósofo da religião, a verdade do cristianismo está, não na objetivação de doutrinas, mas na apropriação de seu(s) paradoxo(s) com a paixão da interioridade; no salto da fé. Decorre daí que a verdade religiosa, essencialmente subjetiva, só é efetivamente comunicada de forma indireta; por e para o indivíduo livre em sua existência. Muitas vezes, entretanto, a verdade religiosa é transformada em verdade objetiva, absoluta. É o que acontece em instituições religiosas, caso da Igreja Evangélica Luterana do Brasil (IELB), em que o ideário de proclamação baseia-se na premissa de que o erro precisa ser corrigido e a verdade proclamada. Tal realidade, observada claramente na atuação comunicacional midiática, revela forte tendência à racionalização da fé em detrimento da subjetividade do existente em busca de sentido último. / For Søren Kierkegaard, life demands the encounter of a truth one can live and die for. According to him, the objective uncertainty, sustained by the appropriation of the most passionate inwardness, is the truth, the highest existent truth for a person. This definition of truth as subjectivity is also a paraphrase of faith. For the philosopher of religion, the truth of Christianity does not lie in the objectification of doctrines, but in the appropriation of its paradox(es) with the passion of inwardness; In the leap of faith. Religious truth, essentially subjective, is only effectively communicated indirectly; by and for the free individual in their existence. Often, however, religious truth is transformed into absolute, objective truth. This is what happens in religious institutions like the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil, where the idea of proclamation is based on the premise that the error has to be corrected and the truth proclaimed. This reality, clearly observed in the media communication, reveals a strong tendency towards rationalization of faith at the expense of the subjectivity of the existing person in search of ultimate meaning.

En 1697, Auguste le Fort, électeur de Saxe, est élu et couronné roi de Pologne : c'est le début de soixante-six ans d'union personnelle de la Saxe et de la Pologne. Cette période est caractérisée par l'ascension et le changement de l'identité de la dynastie des Wettin albertins. Celle-ci est désormais royale et catholique, elle peut mener une politique de grande envergure grâce à la situation géopolitique de la Pologne et elle s'insère dans le réseau des grandes familles souveraines d'Europe (Habsbourg, Bourbons) ainsi que dans l'Église d'Empire. Tout cela, les Wettin l'expriment par leur investissement dans leur ville-résidence et capitale, Dresde : ils y bâtissent des palais, des jardins en signe de leur splendeur royale, ils y restaurent l'Église catholique, ils y rassemblent de prestigieuses collections et y organisent de somptueuses fêtes. Toutefois, la dynastie n'est pas le seul acteur de la ville-résidence et elle n'est pas le seul moteur des transformations qui affectent Dresde dans la première moitié du xviiie siècle. Outre la noblesse proche de l'électeur par sa position dans l'État ou à la cour, il faut tenir compte des bourgeois (au sens juridique du terme) et des institutions communales, qui profitent de la présence de la dynastie, de son administration et de sa cour, qui en sont fiers, mais qui mettent en avant l'identité luthérienne de Dresde. Cependant, les Wettin travaillent à l'embellissement de tout l'espace urbain, parce que toute la ville-résidence est à la fois le miroir et l'écrin de l'électeur de Saxe et roi de Pologne. / In 1697, Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony, was elected and crowned King of Poland : the event marked the beginning of the personal union of Saxony and Poland, which lasted sixty-six years. The characteristics of this period were the rise of the House of Albertine Wettin and a considerable dynastic change. The dynasty was henceforth catholic and of royal dignity ; the Wettin could lead a large-scale politics thanks to the geopolitical position of Poland, join the network of the great European sovereign families (Habsburg, Bourbons) and the Imperial Church. The Wettin expressed this change in Dresden, their residence and capital in Saxony : here, they built palaces and gardens which gave evidence of their royal magnificence, they restored the Catholic Church, gathered prestigious collections and organized great ceremonies. However, the dynasty was neither the only actor of the residence, nor the only factor of the changes which affected Dresden in the first half of the eighteenth century. Besides noblemen who owed their nearness to the Elector to their political position, we have to take in account the burgers (in the legal sense of the term) and the communal institutions : they took advantage and were proud of the presence of the dynasty, its administration and its court, but insisted on the Lutheran identity of Dresden. Nevertheless, the Wettin aimed at the beauty of the urban space, since all the residence and capital was at once the mirror and the case of the Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.

The topic of my study is: Becoming a missional church- the case of Evangelical Lutheran Church in South Africa (ELCSA). The lack of missional astuteness and intelligence emanating from Christendom mind-sets and agendas is detrimental to the growth of the church and is creating missional chaos and paralysis; this is what I am struggling with in my study. The challenge I am grappling with is that the ELCSA as a church has been exposed to a variety and multiplicity of missional cultures and mission settings through a diversity of missionaries operating from different missional landscape and backgrounds. The various and differing missional histories has created inconsistencies in the theological foundations that underpin and add force to her missional outlook and maturity. As the church considers becoming a missional church, there is an imperative need to radically revisit her traditional ecclesiologies in order to develop a clearer understanding of her missional vocation. The missional direction of the church is in quandary, partly because of the leadership failure to manage the contradictory and inconsistent missional attempts and missional immaturity within the ELCSA. Leadership development and formation within the Lutheran training institutes in Southern Africa, which are crucial in church life seems inadequate from a curriculum perspective. Failure to understand and appreciate the current missional language will inadvertently confuse the church’s understanding of God’s mission in the world (missio Dei). The challenge facing the ELCSA will therefore be an imperative and absolute need to move from a church with mission to a missional church. The study seeks to further explore and investigate insights from the ELCSA’s mission history with a view of determining the missional health and checking whether the church has a comprehension and understanding of the concept and language of a missional church and missional leadership. In this study I will also attempt to answer two possible sub-problems of the study viz. How does the ELCSA create a missional leadership aptitude environment and how does the ELCSA implement the missional conversation(s) to the operating landscape of the church? This study will also contrast the attractional and incarnational mindsets I reflect in the conclusion the significance and importance of a missional church and highlight the characteristics or indicators of such a church by applying it to the ELCSA. Recommendations are indicated for consideration by the ELCSA and are not presented as an answer or solution to the challenge that the church is facing. / Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted

The following research explores female authority's experiences with gender roles in faith and church and the subsequent handling of gender sensitivity in confirmation work. The qualitative study is conducted based on empirical data to answer the research questions. The chosen feminist standpoint theory assists in identifying the sampling consisting of female authorities as participants who are in charge of the confirmation work. The theory examines resources to create a standpoint through feminist experiences as knowledge, creating feminist solidarity and agency. The constructionist thematic analysis identifies and establishes repeating patterns in combination with the participant's answers and the theory. The lived experiences are gathered through online questionnaires and analyzed and interpreted through the lens of the feminist standpoint theory. The qualitative study shows that women make various experiences based on gender roles in faith and church. Majorly challenging is the normalization of male-dominated structures and concepts. Still, the participants form standpoints concerning the significance of gender-sensitive confirmation work. The study's outcome shows that mainstream knowledge can be opposed by creating feminist knowledge, solidarity, and agency. A broad audience is addressed because the result can be generalized into several fields.