The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding cotton co-products with different gossypol concentrations on reproductive development of lambs close to puberty and also on carcass traits and fatty acid profile of meat. Twenty four 5-months old ram lambs (20.6 ± 1.9 kg BW) were used. These were housed in individual pens and received four diets: 20% of dry matter intake (DMI) of whole cottonseed (WCS), 20%DMI of cottonseed meal (CSM), 20%DMI of high oil cottonseed meal (CSC) and a control group without cottonseed co-products (CTL). Free gossypol intake was 0, 16.32, 6.98 and 5.47 mg/kgBW for CTL, WCS, CSC and CSM, respectively. At each 15 days, the animals were weighted, and blood and semen samples were collected. Sperm motility, vigor, mass movement, concentration and pathologies were evaluated. The free testosterone and cortisol concentrations in serum were determined. After 95 experimental days, the lambs were slaughtered and carcass traits were measured. Meat samples of Longissumus dorsi muscle were taken for fatty acid profile analysis. And testis samples were collected to analysis in light and transmission electron microscopes. The treatments did not differ in average daily weight gain, sperm volume, motility, vigor and concentration. The CTL group had higher testosterone concentration than CSC at the end of trial and had lower total sperm defects and higher mass movement than others. The number of mitochondrial sheath aplasia increased with increasing gossypol level in diet. There was no relation between the other variables evaluated and gossypol level in diets; however the groups that received cottonseed co-products showed worse reproductive parameters than CTL. Therefore, these co-products had negative impact on reproductive system of puberal lambs. In relation to fatty acid profile, meat from CSM and CSC groups had higher levels of conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) than others and yet CSC group showed higher vaccenic acid than others. Meat from animals that received whole cottonseed had less unsaturated fatty acids, CLA and vaccenic acid. Therefore, between cotton co-products, the processed (CSM and CSC) must be preferred for use in ruminant feed rather than whole cottonseed. The meat from animals that did not receive cotton co-products had higher n-3 fatty acid, and also better n-6 to n-3 ratio compared to others. This can impair the use of these co-products due to current great importance given to these fatty acids in human nutrition / Com este estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da alimentação com co-produtos do algodão tendo diferentes concentrações de gossipol no desenvolvimento reprodutivo de cordeiros no período próximo a puberdade e também nas características de carcaça e no perfil de ácidos graxos da carne. Vinte e quatro cordeiros com 5 meses de idade (20.6 ± 1.9 kg PV) foram utilizados. Estes foram alojados em baias individuais e receberam quatro dietas: 20% da ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) de caroço de algodão (CAROÇO), 20%IMS de farelo de algodão (FARELO), 20%IMS de torta de algodão (TORTA) e um grupo controle (CONTROLE) sem o uso de co-produtos do algodão. A ingestão de gossipol livre foi de 0, 16,32, 6,98 e 5,47 mg/kgPV para CONTROLE, CAROÇO, TORTA e FARELO, respectivamente. A cada 15 dias, os animais foram pesados, e amostras de sangue e sêmen foram coletadas. O sêmen foi analisado quanto a motilidade, vigor, turbilhão, concentração e patologias. Foram determinadas a concentração de testosterona livre e cortisol no soro sanguíneo. Após 95 dias de experimento, os cordeiros foram abatidos e as características de rendimento de carcaça e composição da 12ª costela foram mensuradas. Amostras do músculo Longissumus dorsi foram coletadas para a análise do perfil de ácidos graxos. Amostras dos testículos foram coletadas para análise em microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os tratamentos não diferiram em ganho em peso diário, volume ejaculado, motilidade, vigor e concentração espermática. Os animais do grupo CONTROLE apresentaram concentração de testosterona maior que os do grupo TORTA no final do período experimental. E ainda os animais do grupo CONTROLE tiveram menor número de defeitos totais e maior turbilhão que os outros. O número de lesões de aplasia da bainha mitocondrial aumentou com o aumento do teor de gossipol livre na dieta. Para as outras variáveis avaliadas, não houve relação com o nível de gossipol livre na dieta, no entanto os animais que receberam co-produtos do algodão apresentaram piores parâmetros reprodutivos do que os animais do grupo CONTROLE. Por isso, pode-se concluir que estes co-produtos tiveram um impacto negativo no sistema reprodutivo dos cordeiros durante a puberdade. Em relação ao perfil de ácidos graxos, a carne dos animais dos grupos TORTA e FARELO apresentaram maiores valores de ácido linolênico conjugado (CLA) que os outros dois tratamentos e ainda os animais do grupo TORTA apresentaram maior teor de ácido vacênico que os outros. A carne dos animais que receberam caroço de algodão mostrou menor quantidade de ácidos graxos insaturados, CLA e ácido vacênico. Portanto, dentre os co-produtos do algodão, os processados (FARELO e TORTA) devem ser preferidos para uso na nutrição de ruminantes em detrimento ao caroço. A carne dos animais do grupo CONTROLE apresentou maior teor de n-3, e ainda melhor proporção entre n-6 e n-3 comparado com as demais dietas, o que pode dificultar o uso desses co-produtos devido a grande importância dada atualmente a este grupo de ácidos graxos na nutrição humana

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-01T14:21:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Santos De Oliveira.pdf: 3269879 bytes, checksum: 09ed535c5a81984aed10645fbbdb3f79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T14:21:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Santos De Oliveira.pdf: 3269879 bytes, checksum: 09ed535c5a81984aed10645fbbdb3f79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-07 / It is important that the machining processes are continually improved in order to provide competitive advantages and economic conditions for manufacturing companies. A very used manufacturing process, mainly because it is one of the few that allow obtaining small diameter internal thread, is the thread tapping with thread cutting taps. As such, thread tapping is one of the last process to be carried out and any failure can influence in production costs. One way to reduce costs is by increasing the useful life of the thread tap through the use of surface treatments, coatings or cutting fluids. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of the application of a dry impregnated lubrication on the surface of thread taps, with a focus on conventional tapping process improvement concerning tool useful life and, consequently, costs reduction. For this purpose, tests in the tapping process were performed using high speed steel taps in two conditions, i.e., treated or not with a dry impregnated lubrication. The results obtained allow to conclude that the procedure employed was appropriate, because it increased the tool useful life, reduced the tool wear, and maintained the thread quality, promoting a reduction in manufacturing costs. / É importante que os processos de usinagem sejam continuamente melhorados, de forma a oferecer vantagens competitivas e condições econômicas para as indústrias manufatureiras. Um processo de fabricação muito empregado, principalmente por ser um dos poucos a permitir a obtenção de roscas internas de pequeno diâmetro, é o processo de rosqueamento interno com machos. Tal processo, normalmente é um dos últimos a ser realizado e qualquer falha pode influenciar os custos de produção. Uma forma de minimizar os custos no processo de rosqueamento interno é a utilização de abordagens que visam otimizar a vida útil do macho de roscar por meio do uso de tratamentos superficiais, revestimentos ou fluidos de corte. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar o desempenho da aplicação de um condicionador de metais na superfície de machos, com foco na melhoria do referido processo em relação à vida útil da ferramenta e, consequentemente, na redução de custos. Para tanto, ensaios foram realizados utilizando-se de machos de aço rápido em duas condições: tratados ou não com condicionador metálico. Os dados coletados foram analisados com apoio de recursos estatísticos para se verificar o nível de confiança das amostras. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o procedimento utilizado foi adequado, pois aumentou a vida útil do macho, reduziu o nível de desgaste das ferramentas, mantendo-se a qualidade das roscas e, consequentemente, promoveu uma redução nos custos de fabricação.

Byggbranschen är mansdominerad och präglas av bristande mångfald. Undersökningar visar att machokultur och hård jargong leder till att många lämnar branschen.NCC är en av de största aktörerna på den svenska byggmarknaden och syftet med arbetet var att undersöka hur NCC Building Örebro/Värmland arbetar med mångfaldsfrågor och vilka resultat det gett. Som en del av arbetet har även medarbetarnas inställning till mångfald samt skillnader mellan länen vad gäller mångfald bland de anställda undersökts.Datainsamling har skett genom litteraturstudier, intervjuer och en enkätundersökning. Intervjupersoner valdes ut utifrån deras roll i företaget eller specifika projekt.En kvantitativ undersökning genomfördes för att undersöka den etniska mångfalden inom avdelningen och för att undersöka medarbetarnas uppfattning om arbetsmiljön och inställning till mångfald och jämställdhet.Undersökningen visar att NCC arbetar aktivt med frågor rörande mångfald, jämställdhet och inkludering vilket med stor sannolikhet bidragit till en bättre psykosocial arbetsmiljö. Det framgår dock att machokultur och hård jargong fortfarande existerar på arbetsplatserna. Resultatet av undersökningen tyder även på att en majoritet av medarbetarna är positivt inställda till mångfald och jämställdhet i branschen samt att de är villiga att arbeta med frågorna.Det finns tydliga skillnader mellan länen beträffande mångfald bland de anställda. Undersökningen visar att en större andel kvinnor inom produktionen i Värmland sannolikt bidragit till en positiv kulturförändring och bättre psykosocial arbetsmiljö i jämförelse med Örebro. / The construction industry is male-dominated and suffers from a lack of diversity. Studies have shown that macho culture and a rough jargon leads to people leaving the industry.NCC is one of the biggest actors on the swedish construction market and the purpose of this study was to research how NCC Building Örebro/Värmland works with questions regarding diversity and what results it has generated. Attitudes towards diversity among the employees and differences in diversity between the counties have also been researched as a part of this study.Data was collected through literature studies, interviews and a survey. The interviewees were chosen for their function in the company or their part in a specific project.A quantitative survey was performed to research the ethnic diversity in the division and to research the employees perception of the working environment and attitudes towards diversity and gender equality.The research shows that NCC are working actively with questions regarding diversity, gender equality and inclusion and that it most probably contributed to a better psychosocial work environment. However, it’s clear that macho culture and rough jargon still exists at the workplaces. The results of the research also indicates that a majority of the employees have a positive attitude towards diversity and gender equality and that they are willing to work with the issue.There are clear differences between the counties regarding diversity among the employees. The research shows that there is a larger proportion of women among the employees in the construction phase in Värmland and that it probably have contributed to positive cultural change and an improvement of the psychosocial work environment.

This paper has aimed to investigate and interpret how widespread macho culture is at Thorén framtid junior high school in Växjö and to investigate what kind of relevant criminological consequences a widespread macho culture can have. The material analyzed has been collected through interviews with staff at the school. The results showed that the macho culture exists, which is primarily shown through an idealization of physical strength and the use of words that allude to a person's gender or sexuality. The criminological consequencesthat were identified were primarily the risk of exclusion which in turn could lead to criminal acts. It turned out that there was a strong awareness of the problems with macho culture and early efforts were requested to counteract the problem.

No description available.

The unequal gender distribution in the construction industry is a verifiable truth and previous research indicates that there may be a connection between this inequality and the work environment. Therefore, this report will address gender equality and its correlation with the work environment in the construction industry. The questions of the report aims to further investigate the said connection and understand which factors may need to be improved in the areas of gender equality, gender distribution and work environment. These are further investigated with a survey poll and interviews, conducted at five of the larger construction companies in Sweden, alongside with a literature study which in turn serves/function as the basis for the survey. the five interviewed companies consist of JM AB, JME, NCC Sverige AB, Skanska Sverige AB and Peab Sverige AB.The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to explore and illustrate the current problems linked to gender distribution within the construction industry and thus investigate the benefits of a more equal gender distribution. This is in conclusion completed from a work environment point of view. The goal of the project is hence to gain increased knowledge regarding gender equality related to the work environment at a construction site. Furthermore, this report is limited to examining the subject within construction sites and mainly with gender equality from a gender distribution point of view.The results of the surveys indicate that there is a connection between gender distribution and the work environment. It is, furthermore, indicated that the work environment can be improved with a more equal gender distribution. There is also a desire for a more equal treatment between both genders which some of the correspondents are not currently experiencing. Additionally, it is believed that current norms and macho cultures can affect the work environment and safety work in a negative way to a large extent. This can also have an impact on women ́s propensity to apply to the construction industry. Furthermore, these results indicate that there are several factors that need to be improved in the construction industry linked to gender equality, gender distribution and the work environment. One factor is thus to include both men and women in the gender equality work, which in turn can lead to an overall improvement of the industry for everyone involved. In conclusion, the framework of this report provides an industry perspective, although not allowing for a conclusion to be drawn from it. To do so a more comprehensive investigation would be required and therefore the result of this project only gives an indication on the branch perspective.

Machokulturen och dess konsekvenser är mycket omtalade i dagens samhälle. Detta område är särskilt relevant inom ishockeyn, då det är en idrott som präglas av ett hårt klimat och som följer manliga ideal. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur kvinnliga och manliga ishockeyspelare upplever machokulturen som existerar inom idrotten samt leta efter likheter och skillnader i upplevelser hos könen. Studien har även som syfte att undersöka på vilket sätt machokulturen utspelar sig i praktiken samt vilka potentiella förändringar som skulle kunna minska den. Dessa frågeställningar undersöks genom kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med utgångspunkt i ett målstyrt urval där deltagarna har tidigare erfarenheter och kunskaper kring ämnet som kommer att undersökas.  Huvudresultaten i studien är att machokulturen finns hos både kvinnor och män, men tar sig i uttryck på olika sätt. Hos kvinnor utspelar sig denna kultur mer psykiskt, och hos män mer fysiskt vilket kan ha att göra med de maskulina normerna som finns inom idrotten och i samhället. Åtgärder för att minska machokulturen kan vara att prata med dom aktiva i tidig ålder samt även högre upp i åldrarna för att motverka en fortsatt spridning av den hårda jargongen. Machokulturen kommer däremot aldrig försvinna helt eftersom det är ett problem som sitter djupt rotat i samhället och idrottsutvecklingen, men det går att minska dess uttryck och uppmärksamma fler gällande de konsekvenser machokulturen kan leda till. / Macho culture and its consequences are frequently talked about in today's society. This is particularly relevant in ice hockey, which is a sport characterized by a harsh climate and which follows masculine ideals. This study aims to investigate how female and male ice hockey players experience the macho culture that exists within the sport and to look for similarities and differences in the experiences of the sexes. The study also aims to investigate how macho culture plays out in practice and which potential changes could decrease it. These issues are investigated through qualitative semi-structured interviews based on a goal-directed sample where the participants have previous experience and knowledge of the subject that will be investigated. The main results of the study are that the macho culture exists in both women and men but expresses itself in separate ways. In women, this culture plays out more psychologically, and in men more physically, which may have to do with the masculine norms that exist in sports and in society. Measures to reduce the macho culture can be talking to those active at an early age and higher in age to counteract a continued spread of the harsh jargon. However, all interviewees agree that macho culture will never completely disappear because it is a problem that is so deeply rooted in society and sports development, but it is possible to reduce its expression and draw more attention to the consequences macho culture can lead to.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse and develop a deeper understanding of how the construction industry analyse and describes the gender segregation within the construction industry. Method: To answer the study's research questions, two qualitative methods were used. The first method was a qualitative text analysis and was used to find information and analyze what the male dominance means for the construction industry, what more women can mean to the industry and why the companies want to bring more women into the industry. The second method was phenomenography and was used as semi-structured interviews to create an understanding of what motivates women to work in a male dominated industry.  Empiricism and Analysis: The basis used for this study’s text analysis is 25 industry related texts from various companies and organisations in the construction industry. In addition to these, five semi structured interviews with female craftsmen in the construction industry have been made and used as supplementary documentation for the text analysis. Conclusions: The conclusions that could be made is that the male dominance contributes with a macho culture in the workplaces. This is usually seen as something negative but not always. More women in the construction industry have contributed with a better balance and a better atmospheare at the workplaces. If women in young ages are encouraged to start construction related education or to start working in the construction industry, the norm about the "masculine" industry will begin to disappear. The existing women in the industry are motivated, among other things, by different and challenging tasks, good colleagues and the safety of having a steady income. / Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att analysera och skapa en djupare förståelse för hur byggbranschen analyserar och beskriver frågan om genusarbetsdelning inom byggbranschen. Metod: För att besvara studiens frågeställningar användes två kvalitativa metodansatser. Den första var en kvalitativ textanalys och användes för att finna information och analysera vad mansdominansen innebär för byggbranschen, vad fler kvinnor i branschen kan innebära samt varför företagen vill få in fler kvinnor i branschen. Den andra metodansatsen var fenomenografi och användes i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer för att ur ett medarbetarperspektiv skapa förståelse för vad som motiverar kvinnor i byggbranschen att arbeta där. Empiri och analys: Det underlag som använts till studiens textanalys är 25 stycken branschrelaterade texter från olika företag och organisationer inom byggbranschen. Utöver dessa har fem stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnliga hantverkare i byggbranschen genomförts och använts som kompletterande underlag till textanalysen. Slutsatser: De slutsatser som kunde dras är att mansdominansen i byggbranschen bidrar med en machokultur på arbetsplatserna. Denna ses oftast som något negativt men inte alltid. Fler kvinnor till byggbranschen har bidragit till en bättre balans och stämning på arbetsplatserna. Om kvinnor tidigt uppmuntras att börja på byggrelaterade utbildningar eller att börja arbeta i byggbranschen, kommer normen om det “manliga” yrket att börja försvinna. De befintliga kvinnorna i branschen motiveras bland annat av varierande och utmanande arbetsuppgifter, bra kollegor och tryggheten med att ha en fast inkomst.

Student Number : 0413402D - MA research report - Faculty of Humanities / This research report focuses on how Kekelwa Nyaywa, a Zambian novelist has represented Zambian women within a span ranging from the colonial up to the independence period. Within the first chapter, a brief history of the Zambian nation is highlighted and a theoretical framework established. Chapter two engages with Nyaywa’s use of romance to make a commentary on the idea of nationalism. By so doing she redefines the concept of romance which has invariably been associated with ‘frivolity’. The third chapter revolves around Chipembi boarding school which the author uses to feminize key issues in the Zambian society. The pivot of the chapter is that this space is a metaphor for women’s liberation in Zambia. HIV/AIDS fueled by a ‘macho syndrome’ emerges in the fourth chapter as the single biggest threat to Zambian women’s lives. Finally, the conclusion investigates the trends of feminism that the author foregrounds in the book.

Följande studie har undersökt hur kvinnliga kriminalvårdare upplever att de behandlas på klass 1-anstalter för manliga klienter i Sverige. Studien undersökte även hur kvinnliga kriminalvårdare behandlades av sina manliga kollegor och klienter. Materialet samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta kvinnor i åldrarna 21 till 25, som är eller har varit anställda vid en klass 1-anstalt i Sverige. Utifrån deltagarnas berättelser kunde det urskiljas att en tydlig machokultur präglade de berörda anstalterna. Deltagarna beskrev bland annat anstalterna som ojämställda, i form av att de kunde uppleva sig underordnade männen. En sexistisk och nedvärderande jargong riktat mot deltagarna framkom mellan både manliga klienter och manliga kriminalvårdare. Vissa egenskaper hos deltagarna visades dock medföra en upplevd trygghet i rollen som kriminalvårdare. En högre ålder och längre erfarenhet ansågs som två trygghetsfrämjande faktorer som förenklade deltagarnas arbete. Som slutsats visade sig resultatet av denna studie till stor del överensstämma med tidigare forskning som finns kring området. Förvånande var att machokulturen på anstalterna utmärkte sig i så pass hög grad, trots att Sverige visat sig vara ett av världens mest jämställda länder. Resultatet bekräftade att Kriminalvården är i behov av utbildning, för att förebygga den ojämställdhet som råder. / The following study examined how female correctional officers in class 1 prisons for male inmates in Sweden perceive how they are being treated based on their femininity. Furthermore, the study examined how female correctional officers are being treated by their male colleagues and inmates. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eight women between the ages of 21 to 25, who are or have been employed at a class 1 prison. The participants described themselves as subordinate to the men. Moreover, the male inmates as well as the male colleagues used a sexist and degrading jargon against women. Some characteristics, however, were shown to lead to higher perceived safety as a prison officer. A higher age and longer experience were considered factors that simplified the participants' work. In conclusion, the results were largely consistent with previous research in the area. Surprisingly, the results showed that the macho culture in the prisons distinguished itself to such a high degree, even though Sweden has been proven to be one of the most equal countries in the world. The results confirmed that the Prison and Probation Service is in a need of education, in order to prevent the inequality that prevails.