Esta dissertação tem como objetivo central investigar fatores que moderam a relação entre satisfação pós-recuperação e intenção de recompra no varejo online. Mais especificamente, esta pesquisa visa analisar se os construtos qualidade do relacionamento, resistência à mudança e motivo inferido moderam a relação entre satisfação com o gerenciamento de reclamações e intenção de recompra no varejo online. Para verificar tais moderações, inicialmente foi realizada a etapa exploratória de pesquisa, na qual, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, evidenciou-se que as variáveis propostas poderiam moderar a relação entre a variável independente e dependente desta dissertação, bem como foi adicionado o construto valor econômico como possível moderador da relação entre satisfação pós-reclamação e intenção de recompra. Em seguida, para testar as hipóteses propostas foi aplicada uma survey junto a consumidores norte-americanos (N=500), operacionalizada com auxílio do Qualtrics, via Mechanical Turk. Como resultado dos testes, tem-se que a qualidade do relacionamento, o motivo inferido e a percepção de valor econômico moderam a relação entre satisfação pós-recuperação e intenção de recompra no varejo online, ou seja, podem explicar, em partes, a não linearidade da relação entre a variável independente e dependente desta pesquisa. Destaca-se ainda que as dimensões da qualidade do relacionamento (a saber: satisfação, confiança e comprometimento) sugeridas neste estudo também moderaram, individualmente, a relação entre a variável independente e dependente desta pesquisa. Sendo assim, esta dissertação contribuiu para a literatura de Marketing e comércio eletrônico ao evidenciar que tanto a qualidade do relacionamento, bem como as dimensões de satisfação, confiança e comprometimento moderam a relação entre satisfação com o gerenciamento de reclamações e intenção de recompra. Além disso, evidencia-se que a elevada percepção de valor econômico, e os motivos inferidos pelos clientes (se positivos), diante da falha inicial ocorrida, também podem sinalizar intenções de recompra dos consumidores junto a sites varejistas. / This dissertation aims to investigate factors that moderate the relationship between satisfaction with complaint handling and repurchase intention in online retail. More specifically, this research aims to examine whether the quality of the relationship constructs, resistance to change and inferred motive moderate the relationship between satisfaction with complaint handling and repurchase intention in online retail. To test such moderations, was taken an exploratory research stage through in-depth interviews in which it became clear that the proposed constructs could moderate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables of this dissertation, as well as the variable economic value was added as a possible moderator of the relationships between satisfaction with complaint handling and repurchase intention. Then, to test the hypotheses was applied a survey with online consumers (N=500) from United States, through Qualtrics and Mechanical Turk. The results indicate that the relationship quality, the inferred motive and the perceived economic value moderated the relationship between satisfaction with complaint handling and repurchase intention in online retail. It is emphasized that the dimensions of relationship quality (satisfaction, trust and commitment) suggested in this study also moderated, in an individual way, the relationship between the independent and dependent variables of this study. Thus, this dissertation has contributed to the literature of marketing and e-commerce by showing that both the relationship quality as well as the dimensions (satisfaction, trust and commitment) moderate the relationship between satisfaction with complaint handling and repurchase intention. Furthermore, it is evident that the high perceived economic value, and the motive inferred by customers (if positive), facing the initial failure occurred, can also indicate repurchase intentions of consumers with online retailers.

This essay seeks to discern the motives of the aid allocation of western governments. The aim of the essay is to find differences between three highly similar aid donors: namely Denmark, Norway and Sweden, by doing a comparative case study according to the most similar case method. The research has been conducted by analyzing material from two ministers of each government, the Foreign Ministers and Ministers for International Development, by using a motive-analysis method. Social constructivism and structural realism have been used as a theoretical explanation. These two theories have been helpful in understanding how International Relations work.The results showed that although the three countries were highly similar, they showed some crucial differences in their motivation for aid allocation, especially in the case of Denmark. Theoretically, this could be explained by social constructivism, i.e. that the states have different priorities and experiences.

The compositional technique of cross partitioning is one of Luigi Dallapiccola's most used twelve-tone devices. Through a detailed analysis of three contrapuntal canonic movements from Dallapiccola's Quaderno Musicale di Annalibera, I examine his use of cross partitioning as a motivic tool and as a referential collection. The development of the BACH motive and the derivation of tone-row statements reflects on Dallapiccola's extensive use of cross partitioning and his compositional principles used to achieve a sense of polarity. Upon a preliminary analysis based on set-theory analysis set out by Joseph Straus I draw an interpretive analysis through Alegant's cross partitioning model as well as develop my own set of parameters for interpretation in regards to polarity which is based on intervallic stability.

The presence of both narcissism and social capital in the digital social networking site Facebook is altering the dynamic of relationship development. Therefore, the central research question directing this study is as follows: What role do narcissistic personality traits play in bridging social capital on Facebook? From this, two sub-questions are raised: 1) What are the motives for users to express narcissistic traits through Facebook? 2) How is narcissistic-motivated activity influencing social capital development through Facebook? Guiding this thesis are concepts of social tie relationships (as they apply to narcissism), and digital social networks. An exploratory study of in-depth interviews was utilized to conduct such research. A key objective in this thesis is understanding motive and purpose for generating social capital in an online environment. The findings from this study suggest Facebook is a facilitator for the expression of narcissistic traits. As a result, this is influencing the disconnected and questionable value of digital social capital.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo central investigar fatores que moderam a relação entre satisfação pós-recuperação e intenção de recompra no varejo online. Mais especificamente, esta pesquisa visa analisar se os construtos qualidade do relacionamento, resistência à mudança e motivo inferido moderam a relação entre satisfação com o gerenciamento de reclamações e intenção de recompra no varejo online. Para verificar tais moderações, inicialmente foi realizada a etapa exploratória de pesquisa, na qual, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, evidenciou-se que as variáveis propostas poderiam moderar a relação entre a variável independente e dependente desta dissertação, bem como foi adicionado o construto valor econômico como possível moderador da relação entre satisfação pós-reclamação e intenção de recompra. Em seguida, para testar as hipóteses propostas foi aplicada uma survey junto a consumidores norte-americanos (N=500), operacionalizada com auxílio do Qualtrics, via Mechanical Turk. Como resultado dos testes, tem-se que a qualidade do relacionamento, o motivo inferido e a percepção de valor econômico moderam a relação entre satisfação pós-recuperação e intenção de recompra no varejo online, ou seja, podem explicar, em partes, a não linearidade da relação entre a variável independente e dependente desta pesquisa. Destaca-se ainda que as dimensões da qualidade do relacionamento (a saber: satisfação, confiança e comprometimento) sugeridas neste estudo também moderaram, individualmente, a relação entre a variável independente e dependente desta pesquisa. Sendo assim, esta dissertação contribuiu para a literatura de Marketing e comércio eletrônico ao evidenciar que tanto a qualidade do relacionamento, bem como as dimensões de satisfação, confiança e comprometimento moderam a relação entre satisfação com o gerenciamento de reclamações e intenção de recompra. Além disso, evidencia-se que a elevada percepção de valor econômico, e os motivos inferidos pelos clientes (se positivos), diante da falha inicial ocorrida, também podem sinalizar intenções de recompra dos consumidores junto a sites varejistas. / This dissertation aims to investigate factors that moderate the relationship between satisfaction with complaint handling and repurchase intention in online retail. More specifically, this research aims to examine whether the quality of the relationship constructs, resistance to change and inferred motive moderate the relationship between satisfaction with complaint handling and repurchase intention in online retail. To test such moderations, was taken an exploratory research stage through in-depth interviews in which it became clear that the proposed constructs could moderate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables of this dissertation, as well as the variable economic value was added as a possible moderator of the relationships between satisfaction with complaint handling and repurchase intention. Then, to test the hypotheses was applied a survey with online consumers (N=500) from United States, through Qualtrics and Mechanical Turk. The results indicate that the relationship quality, the inferred motive and the perceived economic value moderated the relationship between satisfaction with complaint handling and repurchase intention in online retail. It is emphasized that the dimensions of relationship quality (satisfaction, trust and commitment) suggested in this study also moderated, in an individual way, the relationship between the independent and dependent variables of this study. Thus, this dissertation has contributed to the literature of marketing and e-commerce by showing that both the relationship quality as well as the dimensions (satisfaction, trust and commitment) moderate the relationship between satisfaction with complaint handling and repurchase intention. Furthermore, it is evident that the high perceived economic value, and the motive inferred by customers (if positive), facing the initial failure occurred, can also indicate repurchase intentions of consumers with online retailers.

Die Organisation von Handelsstrukturen bringt seit je her weitreichende soziale, politische sowie ökonomische Implikationen mit sich. Da die zugrundeliegenden Dynamiken von Handelssystemen a priori unbekannt sind bieten Konzepte aus der Theorie komplexer Systeme nützliche Werkzeuge, um neue Muster zu entdecken, sowie neue Hypothesen zu den Vorgängen innerhalb der Handelssysteme zu entwickeln. Einen nützlichen Ansatz stellen dabei komplexe Netzwerke dar, da Handelsströme zwischen ökonomischen Einheiten sinnvoll als Knoten und Verbindungen im Netzwerk darstellbar sind. In dieser Arbeit erweitern wir spezielle Methoden auf komplexen Netzwerken, um die Netzwerk-Topologie des Handels auf globaler und auf nationaler Ebene zu untersuchen. Auf dem Level einzelner Industriesektoren erhalten wir neue Einblicke in die topologische Struktur des internationalen Handelsnetzwerks. Dazu führen wir neue Netzwerkmaße ein, welche die Funktion von Knoten in Subgraphen unter dem Blickwinkel, dass das Gesamtsystem durch ein Netzwerk aus mehreren Subnetzwerken dargestellt wird, beschreiben. Im Zuge der Globalisierung gewinnen bilaterale Handelsabkommen bei Entscheidungsträgern an Aufmerksamkeit und werden in zunehmender Zahl verhandelt. Wir entwickeln in dieser Arbeit einen neuen Ansatz, um die Auswirkungen dieser Abkommen auf die beteiligten Ökonomien zu analysieren und zu quantifizieren. Weiterhin behandeln wir die Fragestellung, in welchem Maß Handel als ein Übermittler von Nachfrage- und Angebotsveränderungen auf andere Industrien angesehen werden kann. Schließlich betrachten wir Handelsnetzwerke auf der Ebene von einzelnen Firmen und beschreiben die Funktion von einzelnen Knoten, insbesondere deren Rolle innerhalb von 3er-Motiven. Obwohl alle Methoden und Maße, die wir im Zuge dieser Arbeit einführen, aus Fragen im Kontext des Handels motiviert sind, sind die methodischen Konzepte auf komplexe Netzwerke in anderen Forschungsrichtungen anwendbar. / The organization of trade and its patterns and structures have always had far reaching implications among social, political and economic dimensions. The underlying dynamics of trade systems are often a priori unknown and concepts from complex system theory provide useful tools to discover new patterns and to develop new hypotheses on the mechanisms of the system. Complex networks offer a particularly useful approach to trade systems, as trade flows between economic entities can be intuitively and meaningfully represented as nodes and links in a network. In this thesis, we extend specific methods of complex networks with a focus on the relations between different subnetworks to investigate the network topology of trade on both the global and national scale. On an aggregation level considering individual industries as nodes, we obtain new insights about the topological structure of the international trade network by introducing new network measures that characterize the roles of nodes in subnetworks from a network of networks perspective. During the process of globalization bilateral trade agreements have received rising attention among policy makers and have been negotiated at an increasing pace. Here, we develop a framework to analyze and quantify impacts of these agreements on the involved economies. A further question that we address is to what extent trade can be regarded as a mediator of demand and supply spillovers to other industries. Finally, we look into trade networks at the scale of individual business firms and describe the role of nodes with a focus on 3-node motifs. Although all new methods and measures introduced in this thesis are motivated by questions in the context of trade, the methodological concepts are widely applicable to complex networks of other research disciplines.

La bienveillance est un motif d'action qui vise le bien de l'autre où répond à un bienfait de l'autre ; elle constitue également un élément du contexte organisationnel, qui participe du climat éthique dans lequel chaque membre agit. Elle prend diverses formes selon l'importance donnée au bien de l'autre, au sien propre et à la relation : elle peut être gratuite, utilitariste réciproque, instrumentale, etc. jusqu'à une forme de « bienveillance mutuelle », faite de gratitude, orientée vers l'autre dans une relation. La bienveillance organisationnelle - comme bienveillance d'un agent en tant qu'il participe avec d'autres de l'expérience organisationnelle, l'influence et est influencé par elle- peut émerger et se développer dans un engagement réciproque de agents, favorisant alors la coopération et un dépassement des normes d'action : elle est efficace - et paradoxalement, elle est d'autant plus efficace qu'elle ne vise pas cette efficacité. Cette bienveillance peut être comprise dans son rapport aux règles et aux rôles organisationnels: un rapport d'interprétation ou de réinterprétation réciproque. Cette thèse comprend trois essais :-Le cynisme organisationnel comme réponse à une violation de contrat psychologique: un moindre mal ? Le cas d'un cabinet de conseil -La bienveillance organisationnelle: prescrite ou proscrite? Les parcours de bienveillance dans un cabinet de conseil. Co-écrit avec Ghislain Deslandes.-Mercier, G. & Deslandes, G. (2016). There are no Codes, only Interpretations. Practical Wisdom and Hermeneutics in Monastic Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-016-3055-4. / Benevolence is a motive for action that aims at the other's good or is an answer to the other's good deed; it constitutes also an element of the organizational context, which participates to the ethical climate within which each member acts. It takes various forms according to the importance give to the other's good, to one's own good and to the relationship: it can be gratuitous, utilitarian reciprocal, instrumental, etc. up to mutual benevolence', made of gratitude, directed at the other in a relationship. Organizational benevolence - as the benevolence of an agent in as much as he/she participates with others to the organizational experience, influences it and is influenced by it - can emerge and develop in a agents' reciprocal commitment, thus fostering cooperation and the exceeding of norms of action; it is efficient -and paradoxically, it is all the more efficient that it does not seek such efficiency. This benevolence can be understood in its relation with rules and organizational roles: a relation of reciprocal interpretation or reinterpretation. This thesis comprises three essays: -Organizational cynicism as a response to the violation of the psychological contract: A lesser evil? The case of a consulting firm -Organizational benevolence: prescribed or proscribed? Courses of benevolence in a consulting firm Co-authored with Ghislain Deslandes-Mercier, G. & Deslandes, G. (2016). There are no Codes, only Interpretations. Practical Wisdom and Hermeneutics in Monastic Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics. DOI : 10.1007/s 10551-016-3055-4.

Since the 2000s, India has emerged as one of the top recipients of foreign direct investment (FDI) amongst the emerging markets. Yet, the international business (IB) literature on FDI flows into India is still nascent. Recent developments have not been adequately covered and a coherent theoretical framework guiding a contextualized discussion is rarely utilized. This three paper dissertation seeks to explore the idiosyncrasies of post-millennial India and how they connect to the current motivation of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) to invest into the Indian market. While the research is theory-driven, the empirical findings provide a new perspective to the IB debate by helping to better understand the sensitivity of FDI decisions to various phenomena in India’s economic, institutional and social fabric in the 2000s. Both the recent diversification within knowledge-intensive industries and the various pro-market reforms that are increasingly bearing fruits have created new opportunities for foreign MNEs – especially for those targeting India’s tertiary sector and its large specialized talent base.

Second hand har genomgått olika faser sedan många år tillbaka och har med tiden ändrat status för konsumenten. Idag kan second han bäras med omtanke för miljön och hållbar konsumtion eller som en modetrend. Idag har det utvecklats fler second hand-verksamheter som möter den allt mer miljömedvetna konsumenten. Tidigare forskning har givit kunskap om olika barriärer och motiv kopplat till second hand, men inte satt dessa barriärer och motiv i relation till köpprocessen. I vår studie tillämpar vi “teorin om planerat beteende” och analyserar gymnasieelevers resonemang kring barriärer och motiv i förhållande till köpprocessens olika steg. Genom att studien tillämpar dessa perspektiv, bidrar det därmed till en djupare förståelse om gymnasieelevers attityder och beteenden. Syftet med studien är att identifiera gymnasieelevers attityder till att handla second hand samt identifiera barriärer och motiv till att konsumera second hand. Resultatet från studien tillhandahåller följaktligen en ökad kunskap till befintliga second hand-verksamheter om gymnasieelevers attityder till att handla second hand i syfte att utveckla verksamheten. Studiens valda metod är en kvalitativ ansats där semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med gymnasieelever via videoplattformen Zoom. Totalt 18 elever intervjuades i tre olika skolklasser i Västra Götaland. Sex elever från varje klass deltog i studien. De mest framträdande motiven till att gymnasieelever väljer att handla second hand är det “överkomliga priset” samt “omtanke för miljön” och de mest framträdande barriärerna till att inte vilja handla second hand är “kontaminerade kläder”, “begränsat utbud och tillgänglighet”, “oinspirerade butiksmiljöer” samt “grupptryck”. Motiven och barriärerna sätts i relation till köpprocessen och det visar sig att “överkomligt pris” och “kontaminerade kläder” identifieras i samtliga steg i köpprocessen. Studiens slutsatser är att ett attityd-beteendegap har identifierats hos gymnasieelever samt att barriärer och motiv kan placeras i köpprocessens olika steg. Även storlek på stad påverkar vilken attityd en gymnasieelev har till second hand-köp. Rekommendationer utifrån studiens resultat tyder på att second hand-verksamheter behöver förbättra och effektivisera sin marknadsföring, öka tillgängligheten av butiker för att nå fler konsumenter samt att utveckla butiksatmosfären till en attraktiv miljö för den unga konsumenten. Vår studie bidrar med kunskap om hur gymnasieelever resonerar om barriärer och motiv i köpprocessens olika steg. Kunskapen kan inte generaliseras på grund av studiens begränsade urval och för framtida forskning rekommenderas därför ett bredare urval av respondenter med större geografisk spridning. / Second hand has undergone several phases historically and has over time changed status due to the consumer perception. These days second hand could be worn with concern for the environment, sustainable consumption or as a fashion trend. More second hand businesses have been developed as a response to the increasingly environmentally conscious consumer. Previous research has provided knowledge about various barriers and motives connected to second hand but did not put these barriers and motives in relation to the buying process. In our study, we apply the “theory of planned behaviour” to analyze high school students’ reasoning about barriers and motives in relation to every step of the buying process. Through these perspectives, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of young consumers’ attitudes and behaviors. The main purpose of this study is to identify high school students’ attitudes towards second hand shopping and to identify barriers and motives for consuming second hand. The result from the study will consequently provide an increased knowledge to existing second hand-retailers about high school students' attitudes toward secondhand-buying, in purpose of a business development. This study’s research design is based on a qualitative approach, where semi-structured interviews were conducted with high school students via the video platform Zoom. A total of18 students were interviewed in three different classes in Västra Götaland. Six students were chosen from each class to participate in this study. The most prominent motives for highschool students to shop second hand are the affordable price and the concern for the environment. Regarding the barriers for not having a willingness to perform a buying were “contaminated clothes”, “limited supply and availability”, “uninspired stores” and “peerpressure”. The motives and the barriers are put in relation to the buying process and it turns out that “affordable price” and “contaminated clothes” are identified in all steps in the buying process. Conclusions from the study shows that attitude-behavior gap is identified in high school students and that barriers and motives can be placed in various steps of the buying process. The size of the city also affects the attitude of a high school student towards secondhand-buying. Implications based on the results of the study indicate that second hand-business need to improve their efficiency of marketing, increase availability of stores to reach more consumers and to develop the store-environment for the purpose of attracting potential customers. Our study contributes with knowledge of high school students reasoning about barriers and motives in various steps of the buying process. The knowledge can’t be generalized due to the limited selection of the study. Further research could therefore widen the selection of respondents with a greater geographical spread.

The main aim of this thesis is to propose changes to the current motivational program in a selected business corporation and other areas closely related to employee motivation. To achieve this goal, the relevant theoretical background has been studied. Subsequently, key terms such as motivation, stimulation and others were defined. Furthermore, an analysis of the current situation in the company was made. The research consists of a statistical test that examines the relationship of pre-specified qualitative factors. The calculations are based on data from the questionnaire survey. The results can, for example, indicate whether factors in the form of work environment, age or level of education affect employee preferences in motivation. Based on the acquired knowledge and data, specific changes in relation to employee motivation were proposed. For example, a proposal in the area of financial or non-financial bonuses, a program for young people, leisure activities, competition employee of the month and others.