The aim of Diploma thesis "Employee Motivation and Remuneration in a State-funded Institution" is to analyse various factors by their manmer responsible for the motivation of allowance organization workers. Via knowledge of the basis theories of human behavior motivation uncover and specify possible causes for dissatisfaction of allowance organization workers and consequently recommend the use of some motivation tools for recitification of this unfacoutable disposition. The thesis descibes basic motivation theories, important motivation tools and motivation factors.

The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of what makes people choose to work with children in the context of social work. Thereby deepening the knowledge of what motivates people to work within social services with children. The study uses a qualitative method of semi structured interviews with six social workers who work with children primarily. The social workers were asked questions about their motives, their understanding of what is essential in their work, their notion of children and their thoughts of the meaning of gender in social work. The studies result and analysis is constructed from a thematic analysis alongside a theoretical framework using Erving Goffman dramaturgical perspective and gender as a theoretical concept. The result shows that the reason for entering social work with children is complex and consists of multiple levels. The strongest contributing factor was a wish to help people and having personal experience of needing support from the welfare system or in other ways having personal experience from one's surroundings. Secondary was a wish to have an emotionell rewarding career and at the same time a career that functions with one's personal life. All the factors however correlate with one and other.  It is also concluded that the social workers have a notion that gender plays a role in choosing to enter social work with children in that the stereotypical role of men do not correlate with the stereotypical role of a social worker with children. It is also concluded that the social workers' understanding of their work and work rolls plays a role in their choice.

Titel Personalomsättning som affärsmodell - En kvalitativ studie med fokus på före detta revisorsassistenter  Författare Lina Larsson och Matilda Lind   Handledare Pernilla Broberg  Bakgrund Många nyexaminerade ekonomer lockas av revisorsprofessionen men cirka 50% väljer att sluta sin anställning inom tre år. Forskare menar att en anledning till den höga personalomsättningen inom revisionsbranschen kan vara att revisorsassistenter väljer att lämna yrket. Även faktorer som hög arbetsbelastning, missvisande förväntningar och uppfattningen av revisorsprofessionen används för att förklara personalomsättningen. Däremot finns det få studier som fokuserar på revisorsassistenten samt skillnader mellan små och stora revisionsbyråer.  Syfte Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie är att förstå före detta revisorsassistenters förväntningar och uppfattningar av revisorsprofessionen samt deras motiv till att lämna yrket som revisorsassistent. Studien syftar även till att förstå vilka eventuella skillnader som finns i uppfattningarna hos före detta revisorsassistenter från små respektive stora revisionsbyråer.  Metod Denna studie tillämpar en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med huvudsaklig deduktiv process och induktiva inslag. För datainsamling har totalt 15 semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med före detta revisorsassistenter på små respektive stora revisionsbyråer.  Slutsats Denna studie indikerar att revisorsassistenter förväntar sig hög arbetsbelastning, omfattande lärdomar och goda karriärmöjligheter när de tar anställning inom revisorsprofessionen. Uppfattningar som hög arbetsbelastning och låg lön visar sig inverka på revisorsassistentens arbetstillfredsställelse samt utgör motiv att lämna yrket. Studien indikerar även att det råder skillnader mellan små och stora revisionsbyråer, bland annat sett till arbetsuppgifter.  Kunskapsbidrag Denna studie bidrar bland annat till att skapa förståelse för fenomenet personalomsättning ur revisorsassistentens perspektiv samt utökar kunskapen om faktisk personalomsättning inom revisorsprofessionen. / Title Employee turnover as a business model - A qualitative study focusing on former auditing assistants  Authors Lina Larsson and Matilda Lind  Supervisor Pernilla Broberg  Introduction Many newly graduated economists are attracted by the audit profession, but about 50% choose to terminate their employment within three years. Researchers believe that one reason for the high employee turnover in the auditing industry may be that audit associates choose to leave the profession. Factors such as high workload, misleading expectations and the perception of the audit profession are also used to explain employee turnover. However, few studies focus on the audit associate as well as differences between small and large audit firms.  Purpose The main purpose of this study is to understand former audit associates’ expectations and perceptions of the audit profession as well as their motives for leaving the occupation as an audit associate. The study also aims to understand the possible differences in the perceptions of former audit associates from small and large audit firms.  Method This study applies a qualitative research strategy with a primarily deductive process with inductive elements. For data collection, a total of 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with former audit associates at small and large audit firms.  Conclusion This study indicates that audit associates expect a high workload, extensive learning experiences and useful career opportunities when they enter the audit profession. Perceptions such as high workload and low salary prove to affect the audit associates' job satisfaction and constitute motives for leaving the profession. In addition, this study indicates differences between small and large audit firms, for instance in terms of work assignments.  Contribution This study contributes to create an understanding of the phenomenon of employee turnover from the perspective of the audit associate and to expand the knowledge of actual employee turnover within the audit profession.

Bakgrund: Revisionsplikten för små aktiebolag avskaffades i november 2010 i syfte attminska kostnader och förenkla administrationen för företagare. År 2017 fanns det cirka435 000 svenska aktiebolag som hade möjlighet att välja bort revision, varav enbart 85000 valde att bli reviderade. Inom området finns det mycket studier och därför anser vi attdet är intressant att studera vilka motiv som ligger till grund för valet av revision utifråntvå nya perspektiv. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att förklara valet av revision i aktiebolag utanrevisionsplikt utifrån ett perspektiv av motivkretsar där flera motiv samvarierar tillbeslutet av valet och utifrån ett dynamiskt perspektiv, i form av kedjor, som förklararbytet. Metod: Metoden är en tvärsnittsstudie som bygger på deduktiv ansats men med ettinduktivt inslag. Utifrån befintlig forskning och tidigare studier hittas olika motiv till attha eller inte ha revision, vilket är studiens deduktiva del. Eftersom varken motivkretsareller situationer som förklara bytet inte finns i befintlig teori eller forskning kan dessa intededuceras genom hypoteser och därav kommer de induceras. Slutsats: Studien finner indikation på att det går att finna motivkretsar där olika motivkan samvariera och att det kan finnas flera olika samtidiga motiv som ligger till grund förvalet av revision. Vidare finner även studien att ett byte av revision är något som sällansker, vilket kan ha sin förklaring i fenomenet stigberoende då bolag tenderar att sitta fast isitt initiala beslut. / Background: The audit obligation for small limited companies was abolished inNovember 2010 in order to reduce costs and simplify administration for entrepreneurs. In2017, there were approximately 435,000 Swedish limited companies that had theopportunity to opt out of auditing, of which only 85,000 chose to be audited. There are alot of studies in the area and therefore we consider it interesting to study the motives thatform the basis for the choice of audit from two new perspectives. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explain the choice of audit in limited companieswithout audit obligation from a perspective of motive circles where several motivescovariate to the decision of the election and from a dynamic perspective, in the form ofchains, which explains the change. Method: The method is a cross-sectional study based on a deductive approach but withan inductive element. Based on existing research and previous studies, various motivesare found for having or not having an audit, which is the deductive part of the study. Sinceneither motive circles nor situations that explain the change do not exist in existing theoryor research, these can not be deduced by hypotheses and hence they will be induced. Conclusion: The study finds an indication that it is possible to find motive circles wheredifferent motives can covariate and that there may be several different simultaneousmotives that form the basis for the choice of revision. Furthermore, the study also findsthat a change of audit is something that rarely happens, which may have its explanation inthe phenomenon of step dependence as companies tend to be stuck in their initialdecision.

Motivation of volunteers presents one of the specific areas of volunteerism research. The paper brings main theories and thoughts about motivation of volunteers and evaluation their relevancy for Czech settings. Futher the paper presents analyse of already realized partial researchs (above all in students' papers) and proposal of framing theoretical conception for research of motivation in Czech Republic.

In the light of a market that showcases increased hesitation and skepticism over green marketing and environmental communication, is the necessity of a well executed corporate communication greater than ever. What can be seen on the market is corporations that are unintentionally using motive greenwashing as a tool for attracting and persuading consumers to favour the corporations image. Prior research within green marketing has put a large focus on greenwashing in product context and the effects of it on consumer behaviour. In this study greenwashing is examined in a communication context and its effect on different aspects of consumer behaviour and attitude.

The aim of this study was to examine and analyze the changing motives for moving during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two research questions were formulated to achieve this objective: What were the motives for moving among private individuals in Sweden during the pandemic? How have real estate agents in Skåne perceived changes in behavior among sellers and buyers during the same period? To address these questions, a qualitative method was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with real estate agents across various locations in Skåne. Additionally, a quantitative method was utilized through digital surveys administered to individuals nationwide. The findings of the study revealed that people's motives for moving were subject to consideration and had indeed changed during the pandemic. Real estate agents reported a more substantial shift in the reasons behind people's decisions to move compared to what was indicated by the survey results. The survey study indicated that the most significant change observed in moving patterns was that more young people chose to pursue studies during the pandemic, in contrast to previous years. Conversely, real estate agents believed that changes in residential and area-specific preferences, as well as financial gain, were the most prominent factors. Ultimately, the study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic had various impacts on the housing market, and the perceptions of real estate agents did not entirely align with the survey results, this only indicates divergent impressions of the same market.

Over the past decades, investing and saving in mutual funds has become a popular alternativefor generating returns. Interest continues to grow and is widespread among different types ofinvestors, ranging from small-scale savers to professional investors, as well as differentgeographic markets. As interest and investment has grown, so has the range of fundsavailable, and with it the range of focused funds. Among these are real estate funds, fundsconsisting of holdings in the real estate market including different types of real estatecompanies and property-related assets. The ownership of funds is associated with a fee to cover various costs associated withoperating the fund. These fees can vary greatly in size across fund types and managers andaffect the fund’s performance and returns. Fees in relation to return have been researchedwith varying results and with the rise of focused funds, the authors felt that it should befurther investigated. The purpose of this study was thus formulated to investigate whetherthere is a relationship between fund fees and returns for real estate funds. This in turn toanswer whether it is justified for fund managers to charge a higher fee and to examine if theTheory of an Efficient Market holds or not. For this, a total sample of 69 real estate fundsfrom the Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish markets during a 3 year period from 1th of January2020 to the 31th of December 2022 was examined. In summary, based on the conducted regression analyses, it can be inferred that the results,similar to previous research, vary. However, it can be observed that there is a negativerelationship between fund fees and the risk-adjusted returns of real estate funds whenanalysing funds that have been active throughout the examined period. The analyses alsoreveal that the age and size of the funds have an impact on the risk-adjusted returns, whereyounger funds with large assets generate higher returns. This means that young real estatefunds with large assets and lower fees generate higher returns compared to older funds withsmall assets and higher fees. Consequently, it is not justified for managers to charge higherfees, nor for investors to pay them. Investors seeking to maximise their returns are thereforeadvised to choose real estate funds with low fees. Finally, based on this, it can be assumedthat the Theory of Efficient Markets holds for real estate funds in the Swedish, Norwegian,and Finnish markets.

This dissertation investigates the roles of facial cues in consumer behavior. Specifically, the research examines the effect of facial structural resemblance, facial expressions, and other perceptual cues—in both individual and group settings—on consumer judgment and decision-making. Essay 1 examines the influence of facial resemblance on consumers* product purchase likelihood. This effect is moderated by consumers* mental construal, such that the effect of increased facial resemblance on product purchase likelihood occurs among consumers with high-level construals but not among those with low-level construals. Results of three experimental studies show that increased facial resemblance among team members enhances the perceived entitativity of the group, which in turn leads to more favorable intention of purchasing the product offered by the group. Essay 2 investigates the differential effects of recipients* group entitativity on two types of donation (time vs. money). Through three studies, the research demonstrates that high (versus low) group entitativity among the recipients increases donation of time but decreases donation of money. Such differential effects on donation of time versus money are driven by consumers* emotional or cognitive well-being associated with time or money donations. In essay 3, the effect of smile intensity on customer behavior is shown to be moderated by power and salience of ulterior motive. When employees* ulterior motive is not salient to customers, low-power customers evaluate the employee with intensified smiles more favorably compared to high-power customers. In contrast, when ulterior motive is made salient, high-power rather than low-power customers react more positively to smile intensity. Results show that the interactive effects between smile, power, and ulterior motive are driven by customers* warmth and competence perceptions. Collectively, this dissertation focuses on consumers* face-based judgments of individuals and teams, and investigates how such facial cues might influence consumers* attitude, purchase intention, and prosocial behavior.

This study aims to examine the health and care policies of the Moderates, the Christian Democrats, the Liberals and the Sweden Democrats, then compare each policy with the Tidö-agreement and analyze the parties' potential motives for cooperation. To help achieve the purpose of the study, following questions have been formulated: How did the care and care policies of the Moderates, Christian Democrats, Liberals and Sweden Democrats look before the elections in 2018 and 2022 respectively?, in what way, and to what extent, are care and care presented in the Tidö-agreement? and what political motives can explain the Moderates', Christian Democrats', Liberals' and Sweden Democrats' reasons for entering into cooperation with each other? The method is a motive analysis and to find out the possible motives of the parties, and the theory is Wolfgang C. Müller's and Kaare Strøm's theory regarding motives for the parties' actions where the parties are either most policy-seeking or office-seeking. The hypotheses are that the Moderates', Christian Democrats' and Liberals' mostly are office-seeking parties, while the Sweden Democrats' mostly is policy-seeking. However, the study results in only the hypothesis about the Liberals being strengthened, while the remaining hypotheses fall.