Undersökningens syfte är att göra en queeranalys av gestaltningen av temat familj i ett urval av nutida, svenska bilderböcker för barn. Undersökningens frågeställningar lyder: Vilken förståelse av begreppet familj kan en queerläsning ge utifrån antagandet att bilderböckernas respektive karaktärer tillsammans utgör var sin familj och vilka kriterier kan lägga grunden till alternativa definitioner av begreppet familj? De tre litterära verk som undersöks är Sune börjar skolan av Sören Olsson och Anders Jacobsson (Rabén & Sjögren, 1997), När Findus var liten och försvann av Sven Nordqvist (Opal, 2001) samt Mamma Mu städar av Jujja och Tomas Wieslander med illustrationer av Sven Nordqvist (Natur och Kultur, 1997). Undersökningens frågeställningar besvaras med att alla tre litterära verk har potential att läsas queert. Undersökningen resulterar i ett antal kriterier som kontrasteras mot en traditionell definition av familj formulerat av Nationalencyklopedin, det vill säga kriterierna kan tillsammans utgöra en alternativ definition av begreppet familj.  Uppsatsen avslutas med en diskussion om bilderboken i samhället, nyttan av att läsa queert samt uppslag för framtida forskning.

Bakgrund: Kärnfamiljen ses generellt som den gyllene normen för familjebildning men verkligheten visar att familjer ledda av en ensamstående förälder, främst då mammor, är en familjeform som stadigt ökar. Samtidigt visar forskningen att ensamma mammor är en utsatt grupp i samhället med mer generella hälsoproblem. Statistiken lyfter fram att det är negativt för kvinnors hälsa att vara ensamstående mamma. En mer sammansatt bild av mammornas upplevelse av sin vardag kan vara en viktig förutsättning för distriktsköterskan vid mötet med dessa kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturgranskning var att identifiera upplevelser av vardagslivets utmaningar som ensamstående mamma. Metod: Litteraturstudie som inkluderade 12 studier med kvalitativ ansats. Analys av data genomfördes utifrån Evans tolkande datasyntes. Resultat: För den ensamstående mamman utgjorde vardagens alla krav en stress. Det som främst stressade var hennes ekonomiska situation och att allt ansvar låg enbart på henne, att det inte fanns någon att dela kraven och intrycken med. Detta gav en känsla av trötthet och utmattning som gav mammorna en känsla av ohälsa både fysiskt och psykiskt. Den främsta faktorn till välbefinnande hos mammorna var i interaktion till andra, sitt sociala nätverk. I de granskade studierna framkom en stolthet över sin förmåga och själva moderskapet lyftes fram som en givande och stärkande roll. Slutsats: Granskningen visade på vikten av ett socialt sammanhang, att ha ett socialt nätverk oavsett storlek. Det gav stora positiva effekter på mammornas välbefinnande. / Background: The ”Cosby-family” is viewed as a standard for family formation, but reality shows that families led by a single parent, especially mothers, are a family form that is steadily increasing in societys. At the same time, the research shows that it is a vulnerable group in society with more general health problems. The statistics emphasize that being a single mother is negative for women's health. A more complex picture of the single mothers' experience of their everyday life can be an important prerequisite for the district nurse in the meeting with these women. Aim: The purpose of this literature review was to identify the experiences of everyday life's challenges as a single mother. Method: A literature study that included 12 studies with a qualitative approach.  The analysis of data was carried out based on Evans interpretive data synthesis. Results: For the single mother, the everyday demands were a stressfactor. What mainly stressed her was her financial situation and that all the responsibility lay solely on her, that there was no one to share the demands and feelings with. This gave a feeling of fatigue and exhaustion that gave the mothers a sense of ill-health both physically and mentally. The main factor of well-being of the selected group was when they interacted with others, their social network. In the examined studies, a sense of pride came out for their accomplishments and the motherhood itself was highlighted as a rewarding and strengthening role. Conclusion: The review showed the importance of a social context, to have a social network regardless of it´s size. It had great positive effects on the mother's wellbeing.

Starkt historiskt och kulturellt rotade normer kan vara problematiska eftersom personer som avviker från dem riskerar att bli utsatta för hat. Mom-shaming är ett begrepp som beskriver fenomenet när kvinnor får kritik för sitt sätt att vara i sin roll som mamma. En mamma som har blivit utsatt för mom- shaming är influencern Ida Warg. Syftet med studien är att genom ett genusperspektiv, kvalitativt och semiotiskt analysera influencern Ida Wargs bildkommunikation på Instagram för att se om hon framställer sin roll som mamma på ett normativt sätt. Genom att redogöra för vad bilden vill göra med betraktaren – påverka och engagera, eller erbjuda – fastställs vilken betydelse genus har för skapandet av mammarollen. Tio utvalda bilder analyseras utifrån sju kategorier som är kopplade till kvinnans roll som mamma: Moderskap, Omsorg och uppfostran, Traditionell kärnfamilj, Betalt arbete, Fritid, Miljö, samt Skönhet. Resultatet visar att historiska normer kopplade till mammarollen är ett faktum även i dagens samhälle. Ida Warg bekräftar flera förlegade normer i sin bildkommunikation samtidigt som hon diskret utmanar andra. Studien redovisar att normer är underliggande strukturer som påverkar vårt samhälle. Genom att problematisera mom-shaming belyses därmed vikten av medvetandegörandet och ifrågasättandet av normer. Avslutningsvis diskuteras hur sociala mediers makt kan både vara orsak till och lösning på problemet med mom-shaming. Lösningen kan förslagsvis ske genom uppmaning av användandet av hashtaggen #stopmomshaming. / Historically and culturally norms are socially acceptable and can be problematic for people who behave in nonconformity with them because of risk of garner hatred. Mom-shaming is a term that describes the phenomenon when women get criticism and hatred for their act in their role of mother. A woman whom has been subject to this shaming, is mother and influencer Ida Warg. With the purpose of studying norms associated with female role as mother, this paper analyzes the visual design and composition of ten photographs posted by Ida Warg to her Instagram. Theories of gender and semiotics are used as frameworks, for qualitatively study if Ida Warg mediates her role as a mother normatively on her Instagram. The photographs are analyzed according to seven categories associated with mothering: Motherhood, Care and raise of child, Traditional nuclear family, Paid work, Leisure time, Entourage and Beauty. Considering the female role as mother, the result shows that historically rooted norms are still a fact. This paper argues for Ida Warg both certifying and challenging the social norms associated with mothering. Finally, this paper discusses how obsolete norm associated with the female role as mother, as a result of cyberhate such as mom-shaming, lingers and prevents gender equality. Henceforth, this paper also discusses the power of social media, being both reason why and solution to mom-shaming. One solution may be the exhortation of the hashtag #stopmomshaming.

Delinquent behavior is often a consequence of complex interactions between social contexts. In this study, we examined if the quality of relationships with mothers or fathers and relationships with delinquent peers predicted change in adolescents’ delinquent behavior. We used a sample of 2024 Swedish adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 years (M = 14.8, SD = .71). We analyzed the data using hierarchical regressions, testing interactions intended to determine if the relationships with peers moderated the association of peers’ delinquent behavior with changes in adolescents’ own delinquent behavior. We further tested if this interaction was moderated by the quality of relationships with parents. The results suggested that association with delinquent peers was moderated by the quality of the relationship with peers. We did not find, however, evidence that the relationships with mothers or fathers predicted change in delinquent behavior or moderated the association of peer variables with delinquent behavior. While having delinquent peers matters for predicting delinquent behavior, when the relationships are high-quality relationships there is a greater increase in delinquent behavior than when the relationships are lower quality. The results of this study have implications for practice and further research on delinquent behavior, particularly for creating and improving prevention and intervention programs. / Delinquent beteende är ofta en konsekvens av komplexa interaktioner mellan sociala sammanhang. I denna studie undersökte vi om kvaliteten på relationerna med mödrar eller fäder och relationer med brottsliga kamrater förutspådde förändring av ungdomars brottsliga beteende. Vi använde ett urval av 2024 svenska ungdomar mellan 13 och 18 år (M = 14.8, SD = .71). Vi analyserade datan genom att använda hierarkiska regressioner, testande interaktioner som avsåg att avgöra om relationerna med kamrater modererade associeringen av kamraternas brottsliga beteenden med förändring av ungdomars egna brottsliga beteende. Vi testade fortsättningsvis om denna interaktion var modererad av kvaliteten på relationerna med föräldrarna. Resultaten föreslår att association med delinquenta kamrater modererades av kvaliteten på relationen med kamrater. Vi hittade emellertid inte bevis för att relationerna med mödrar eller fäder förutspådde förändring i delinquent beteende eller modererade associeringen av kompisars variabler med delinquent beteende. Relationen med delinquenta kamrater är betydelsefull för att förutsäga delinquent beteende, där högkvalitativa relationer modererade en kraftigare ökning av delinquent beteende än de relationer som var lågkvalitativa. Resultaten av denna studie har implikationer för praktik och vidare forskning i brottsligt beteende, särskilt för att skapa och förbättra prevention och interventionsprogram.

<p>The purpose of this study was to examine how some young mothers, who previously have been in foster care or residential care, describe the way motherhood has affected their lives and identities. Narrative interviews were conducted with three teenage mothers and one mother aged 23. As tools for analyzing the narratives, theories about narrative psychology and how people present themselves through story-telling and language were used. The results of the study show that becoming a mother was life-changing in a positive way, according to the young mothers. They described how they, since becoming mothers, had become more mature and now lived less risk-full lives. Motherhood had brought a new focus to their lives and had given them motivation to study and to become self-supporting. The mothers expressed a wish to give their children a better childhood, than they themselves had. The results of the study were similar with the results reported in previous, qualitative studies of the experiences of young mothers.</p>

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate how mothers in families with strong patriarchal traditions</p><p>see their role as a mother and as a woman. The study is built upon two main questions: What are</p><p>the expectations of your family and your immediate environment on you as a mother and as a</p><p>woman? And what does “honour” mean for you as a mother and as a woman? In our paper we</p><p>had as a starting point a gender perspective that was further on applied in defining our research</p><p>question. We are also giving an account of the phenomenological perspective that we also had as</p><p>a basis of our work. We interviewed six mothers living in families with strong patriarchal</p><p>traditions. There were half-structured interviews according to an interview guide, with half open</p><p>questions. We followed the qualitative method. The results show that “honour” is a basic norm</p><p>for the mothers, that they have difficulties to even imagine living a life without honour. For all of</p><p>our informants, honour means not to have sexual relationships with several men, and to keep a</p><p>woman’s virginity until she gets married. Avoiding bad rumours that may lead to shame is an</p><p>important part of the mothers’ lives. As women, the mothers are forced to take into consideration</p><p>their husbands’ and older family members’ opinions. It is the mothers’ duty to educate their</p><p>children to behave in “the right” way. According to our informants, a mother should be caring</p><p>and in charge of the household work.</p>

The purpose of this study was to examine how some young mothers, who previously have been in foster care or residential care, describe the way motherhood has affected their lives and identities. Narrative interviews were conducted with three teenage mothers and one mother aged 23. As tools for analyzing the narratives, theories about narrative psychology and how people present themselves through story-telling and language were used. The results of the study show that becoming a mother was life-changing in a positive way, according to the young mothers. They described how they, since becoming mothers, had become more mature and now lived less risk-full lives. Motherhood had brought a new focus to their lives and had given them motivation to study and to become self-supporting. The mothers expressed a wish to give their children a better childhood, than they themselves had. The results of the study were similar with the results reported in previous, qualitative studies of the experiences of young mothers.

The aim of this study was to investigate how mothers in families with strong patriarchal traditions see their role as a mother and as a woman. The study is built upon two main questions: What are the expectations of your family and your immediate environment on you as a mother and as a woman? And what does “honour” mean for you as a mother and as a woman? In our paper we had as a starting point a gender perspective that was further on applied in defining our research question. We are also giving an account of the phenomenological perspective that we also had as a basis of our work. We interviewed six mothers living in families with strong patriarchal traditions. There were half-structured interviews according to an interview guide, with half open questions. We followed the qualitative method. The results show that “honour” is a basic norm for the mothers, that they have difficulties to even imagine living a life without honour. For all of our informants, honour means not to have sexual relationships with several men, and to keep a woman’s virginity until she gets married. Avoiding bad rumours that may lead to shame is an important part of the mothers’ lives. As women, the mothers are forced to take into consideration their husbands’ and older family members’ opinions. It is the mothers’ duty to educate their children to behave in “the right” way. According to our informants, a mother should be caring and in charge of the household work.

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