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1	The appeal to values in the management of international non-governmental organisations : linking ethics and practice Mowles, C. January 2007 (has links) This thesis deals with the way that values get taken up by managers and leaders in international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), organisations which already have a rich history of public appeals to values. By ”values‘ I take to mean those generalised and idealising statements, such as the aspiration to ”mutual respect‘, ”equity and justice‘ ”honesty and transparency‘ in dealings with others, which usually accompany the organisation‘s vision and mission statements. The thesis sets out the argument that modern management methods based on systems thinking have been imported largely uncritically into the INGO sector, and in situations where the future is uncertain, or where there is difficulty or conflict, managers often attempt to cover over this conflict or uncertainty with an appeal to values which pictures an idealised future or an imaginary unity. Further, the thesis attempts to explore this phenomenon and to uncover some of the ethical issues that arise in the process of an appeal to unity when I am engaged as a consultant in working with managers in the INGO-sector. The thesis considers how my own practice as a consultant has changed and developed as a consequence of considering these phenomena more intensely and acting on the conclusions from these reflections. The research was prompted by my feelings of being co-opted into a process that encouraged conformity in INGOs in a way that left me feeling uncomfortable. In exploration of this discomfort and as student in a faculty pursuing the conceptual development of professional practice I have drawn broadly on the phenomenological tradition of research as a way of better understanding what I was encountering and how to make better sense of it. The method underpinning this thesis uses narrative, and reflection on narrative with a community of enquirers, which has included both fellow students on the course, as well as a wider group of interested academics. I have used as my research material my own experience of working with INGOs as a consultant and have reflected on those occasions when the discussion of values is very much to the fore. It has also meant my locating the discussion of values in a wider discourse of philosophy, sociology and psychology and mounting a critique of the dominant paradigm for understanding values in current management and organisational change literature, which is often understood as a tool for management to bring about employee alignment. Instead, I have set out an emergent understanding of values as radically social phenomena arising in the daily interaction between engaged human beings. I argue that, because of our interdependence, we are obliged to renegotiate our value commitments on a daily basis as a way of working out how we can continue together. This has involved developing a different understanding of the relationship between self and other, and a more nuanced insight into the workings of groups and the relationships of power that arise between people. Engaging with values in INGOs as a consultant invited into conversations in INGOs has thus involved my paying attention to power relating between myself and others, and the dialectic between the good and the right. Reflecting on the ethical aspects of my own consultancy practice has involved an investigation into what we might mean by ethical practice, which is generally understood to be following a series of linear rules and paradigms. I have begun to develop in its stead a theory of consultancy practice based on concepts of mutual recognition and mutual adjustment that create more space for movement within the broader social processes that can severely constrain what it is and is not possible to say and do. This thesis contributes to knowledge in the field of the management of INGOs by being one of the first to offer a critique of accepted paradigms of management theory, particularly as it relates to the appeal to values as part of strategy formation. Moreover, the emergent and social theory of values that I develop as a foil to more orthodox understandings of the role of values in the management of INGOs is also unique. My arguments concerning the ethical practice of consultancy in the domain, underpinned by a dialectical engagement of self and other, are particularly relevant to the field in which I am involved where the encounter with difference is inevitable. In the literature on management of INGOs, where research on consultancy practice is still rather thin and orthodox, my argument for a different understanding of ethical practice offers a considerable divergence of approach. In pointing to the similarities between the pressures facing INGO and private sector organisations I have also called into question the uniqueness that many scholars claim for the current management practice in INGOs. My attempts to use narrative and reflection on narrative as a method that strives to articulate what a different practice might look like should also make a new contribution to the debate about method, and ways of discussing management practice, in international development. 158.7
2	Da educação ao trabalho: uma avaliação de processo formativo nas urgências / From education to work: an assessment of a formative process in emergencies Santos, Patricia Tavares dos 14 March 2017 (has links) Introdução A realização de ações educativas aos profissionais dos serviços hospitalares de urgência é de grande relevância, considerando seu papel estratégico para o Sistema Único de Saúde. A despeito dessa relevância, ainda carecem de maior consistência na avaliação de seus resultados e impactos. Diante disso, este projeto teve como Objetivo geral avaliar um processo formativo voltado para o desenvolvimento gerencial de profissionais atuantes na linha de atenção às urgências. Método Trata-se de um estudo de caso, cujo material de análise constituiu-se de 146 avaliações do módulo Introdutório, 972 avaliações dos outros dez módulos, 895 autoavaliações dos participantes e 26 projetos gerenciais elaborados pelos participantes do processo formativo de 26 hospitais e de três regiões metropolitanas brasileiras. Destes 26 hospitais, dois foram selecionados para participar de dois encontros de grupo focal cada, com oito integrantes por grupo, a fim de avaliar a percepção de impacto e suporte à transferência. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela estatística descritiva, inferencial e análise fatorial que resultou em três fatores na avaliação da satisfação do módulo Introdutório e quatro nos demais módulos; na autoavaliação, dois fatores. Resultados As escalas utilizadas apresentaram evidências de validade expressas pela variância superior a 50% e Alpha de Cronbach superior a 0,9. As médias da avaliação da satisfação, com valor máximo 6,0, variaram de 5,3 a 5,6 do módulo Introdutório e 4,7 a 5,6 dos demais módulos; das autoavaliações de 4,5 a 5,7. Quanto à avaliação da percepção de impacto e suporte à transferência, realizada em dois hospitais, a maioria das ações propostas nos projetos gerenciais foi implementada. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as regiões nos Fatores 1 (p<0,001) e 3 (p<0,01) da avaliação de satisfação do módulo Introdutório; nos Fatores 1 (p=0,005) e 2 (p<0,0001) das autoavaliações; nos critérios apresentação do hospital e diagnóstico situacional da avaliação dos projetos gerenciais (p<0,05); entre os módulos do processo formativo nos fatores 1 (p=0,04), 3 (p<0,0001) e 4 (p<0,001), da avaliação de satisfação. Os projetos gerenciais foram bastante distintos quanto à estrutura e conteúdo, em especial, no detalhamento da análise situacional e Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, indicando fragilidade na coleta e análise crítica de dados e proposição de intervenções de modo estruturado. Os fatores que favoreceram a implementação estavam relacionados ao apoio da diretoria e dos colegas. Já os fatores dificultadores, foram relativos a problemas estruturais como déficit de pessoal, recursos materiais e financeiros. Conclusões Foi possível concluir que as escalas de avaliação aplicadas são confiáveis. Os participantes mostraram-se satisfeitos com o processo formativo, tendo se envolvido nas atividades e desenvolvido competências, segundo sua autoavaliação. Embora a aquisição de habilidades tenha se expressado, de modo geral, pouco consistente nos projetos gerenciais, a maioria das ações propostas pelos hospitais foram desenvolvidas, tendo havido apoio dos pares e da diretoria. O entrave esteve relacionado à ausência de elementos estruturais. / To conduct educational actions targeting professionals of emergency hospitals is of major importance, considering their strategic role for the Brazilian Unified Health System. Despite their importance, educational actions still lack consistency in assessing their outcomes and impacts. Therefore, the General Objective of this study was to assess a formative process for management development of professionals in leadership positions in emergency care units. Method This is a case study that analyzed evaluations and management projects developed during a formative process by participants of 26 hospitals, from three Brazilian metropolitan regions: 146 evaluations of the introductory module; 972 evaluations of ten modules; 895 self-evaluations; and 26 management projects. In addition, participants of two of the 26 hospitals were chosen to take part in two focus groups meetings; each group was formed by eight participants, with the purpose of assessing the perception of the impact and support to knowledge application. The data analysis used both descriptive and inferential statistics, and factor analysis that resulted in: three factors for satisfaction evaluation of introductory module; four factors for the ten modules; and two factors for self-evaluation. Results The scales used showed evidence of validity indicated by variance above 50% and Cronbachs Alpha above 0.9. The averages of the satisfaction evaluation, with maximum value of 6.0, varied from 5.3 to 5.6 for the introductory module; 4.7 to 5.6 for other modules; and 4.5 to 5.7 for self-evaluations. In relation to the assessment of the perception of the impact and support to application, which was performed in two hospitals, the majority of the proposed actions presented in the management projects were implemented. Significant differences among the regions were found in both Factors 1 (p<0.001) and 3 (p<0.01) of the satisfaction evaluation of introductory module; in both Factors 1 (p=0.005) and 2 (p<0.0001) of self-evaluations; in both criteria hospital presentation and situational diagnosis of the management projects evaluation (p<0.05); among the formative process modules in Factors 1 (p=0.04), 3 (p<0.0001) and 4 (p<0.001) of satisfaction evaluation. The management projects were very distinct concerning structure and contend, especially in the development of the situational analysis and Situational Strategic Planning, indicating some fragility in data collection and critical analysis, as well as in proposing interventions in a structured way. The factors that contributed to the implementation were related to the directors and staffs support. By the other hand, the factors that complicated were related to the structural problems, such as insufficient number of staff, material and financial resources. Conclusions The scales of the evaluations were found reliable. The participants expressed satisfaction with the formative process, showed commitment to the activities, and developed skills, according to the self-evaluations. Although, in general, skill acquisition was not so consistent in the management projects, the majority of the actions proposed by the hospitals were developed, counting with the support of teammates and directors. The constraint was related to the lack of structural elements. Assessment in health Avaliação em saúde Continuing education Educação continuada Emergências Emergencies Enfermagem Gerenciamento da prática profissional Management of professional practice Nursing
3	Comportamento empoderador do líder na atenção primária em saúde Silva, Fernanda Marques January 2019 (has links) Orientador: Wilza Carla Spiri / Resumo: A Política Nacional de Atenção Básica estabelece que uma das atribuições do enfermeiro na Atenção Primária a Saúde é a atividade gerencial. No contexto brasileiro o agente desse processo é com quase exclusividade o enfermeiro e para a realização deste uma das funções fundamentais do enfermeiro é o exercício da liderança. No entanto, a liderança é um fenômeno complexo, que deve ser visto sob três ângulos: o comportamento/ personalidade do líder, o contexto em que esta competência ocorre e quem são os liderados. As teorias de empoderamento têm sido associadas com estratégias que possibilitam ao líder atingir resultados no contexto de seu trabalho, despertando o interesse da enfermagem para a articulação desses referenciais teóricos na prática gerencial. Considerando que o gerenciamento é fundamental para o exercício profissional da enfermagem, pois proporciona o processo de cuidado, educativo e de pesquisa, a pergunta dessa pesquisa é: Como é percebido pelo enfermeiro da Atenção Primária a Saúde o comportamento do líder para o empoderamento de sua equipe? Objetivo: Compreender o comportamento para o empoderamento da equipe do gerente de unidades básicas de saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Foi adotada a análise de conteúdo como referencial metodológico. Os participantes foram os gerentes de enfermagem de unidades básicas de saúde. A coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de entrevistas audiogravadas e semiestruturadas com a questão norteadora: “Segundo sua perspe... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The National Policy of Basic Attention establishes that one of the duties of the nurse in Primary Health Care is the managerial activity. In the Brazilian context the agent of this process is exclusively the nurse and for the accomplishment of this one of the fundamental functions of the nurse is the exercise of leadership. However, leadership is a complex phenomenon, which must be seen from three angles: the behavior / personality of the leader, the context in which this competence occurs and who are the leaders. Empowerment theories have been associated with strategies that enable the leader to achieve results in the context of his work, arousing the interest of nursing to articulate these theoretical references in managerial practice. Considering that management is fundamental to the professional practice of nursing, since it provides the process of care, education and research, the question of this research is: How is perceived by the nurse of Primary Health Care the behavior of the leader for the empowerment of his team? Objective: To understand the behavior towards the empowerment of the manager team of basic health units. Method: This is a qualitative research. Content analysis was adopted as a methodological framework. Participants were the nursing managers of basic health units. Data collection took place through audio-visual and semi-structured interviews with the guiding question: "According to their perspective, how does the empowerment of the nursing team in this... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre Enfermagem. Gerenciamento da prática profissional Atenção primária à saúde. Poder Liderança. Nursing Management of professional practice Primary health care Power Leadership
4	Da educação ao trabalho: uma avaliação de processo formativo nas urgências / From education to work: an assessment of a formative process in emergencies Patricia Tavares dos Santos 14 March 2017 (has links) Introdução A realização de ações educativas aos profissionais dos serviços hospitalares de urgência é de grande relevância, considerando seu papel estratégico para o Sistema Único de Saúde. A despeito dessa relevância, ainda carecem de maior consistência na avaliação de seus resultados e impactos. Diante disso, este projeto teve como Objetivo geral avaliar um processo formativo voltado para o desenvolvimento gerencial de profissionais atuantes na linha de atenção às urgências. Método Trata-se de um estudo de caso, cujo material de análise constituiu-se de 146 avaliações do módulo Introdutório, 972 avaliações dos outros dez módulos, 895 autoavaliações dos participantes e 26 projetos gerenciais elaborados pelos participantes do processo formativo de 26 hospitais e de três regiões metropolitanas brasileiras. Destes 26 hospitais, dois foram selecionados para participar de dois encontros de grupo focal cada, com oito integrantes por grupo, a fim de avaliar a percepção de impacto e suporte à transferência. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela estatística descritiva, inferencial e análise fatorial que resultou em três fatores na avaliação da satisfação do módulo Introdutório e quatro nos demais módulos; na autoavaliação, dois fatores. Resultados As escalas utilizadas apresentaram evidências de validade expressas pela variância superior a 50% e Alpha de Cronbach superior a 0,9. As médias da avaliação da satisfação, com valor máximo 6,0, variaram de 5,3 a 5,6 do módulo Introdutório e 4,7 a 5,6 dos demais módulos; das autoavaliações de 4,5 a 5,7. Quanto à avaliação da percepção de impacto e suporte à transferência, realizada em dois hospitais, a maioria das ações propostas nos projetos gerenciais foi implementada. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as regiões nos Fatores 1 (p<0,001) e 3 (p<0,01) da avaliação de satisfação do módulo Introdutório; nos Fatores 1 (p=0,005) e 2 (p<0,0001) das autoavaliações; nos critérios apresentação do hospital e diagnóstico situacional da avaliação dos projetos gerenciais (p<0,05); entre os módulos do processo formativo nos fatores 1 (p=0,04), 3 (p<0,0001) e 4 (p<0,001), da avaliação de satisfação. Os projetos gerenciais foram bastante distintos quanto à estrutura e conteúdo, em especial, no detalhamento da análise situacional e Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, indicando fragilidade na coleta e análise crítica de dados e proposição de intervenções de modo estruturado. Os fatores que favoreceram a implementação estavam relacionados ao apoio da diretoria e dos colegas. Já os fatores dificultadores, foram relativos a problemas estruturais como déficit de pessoal, recursos materiais e financeiros. Conclusões Foi possível concluir que as escalas de avaliação aplicadas são confiáveis. Os participantes mostraram-se satisfeitos com o processo formativo, tendo se envolvido nas atividades e desenvolvido competências, segundo sua autoavaliação. Embora a aquisição de habilidades tenha se expressado, de modo geral, pouco consistente nos projetos gerenciais, a maioria das ações propostas pelos hospitais foram desenvolvidas, tendo havido apoio dos pares e da diretoria. O entrave esteve relacionado à ausência de elementos estruturais. / To conduct educational actions targeting professionals of emergency hospitals is of major importance, considering their strategic role for the Brazilian Unified Health System. Despite their importance, educational actions still lack consistency in assessing their outcomes and impacts. Therefore, the General Objective of this study was to assess a formative process for management development of professionals in leadership positions in emergency care units. Method This is a case study that analyzed evaluations and management projects developed during a formative process by participants of 26 hospitals, from three Brazilian metropolitan regions: 146 evaluations of the introductory module; 972 evaluations of ten modules; 895 self-evaluations; and 26 management projects. In addition, participants of two of the 26 hospitals were chosen to take part in two focus groups meetings; each group was formed by eight participants, with the purpose of assessing the perception of the impact and support to knowledge application. The data analysis used both descriptive and inferential statistics, and factor analysis that resulted in: three factors for satisfaction evaluation of introductory module; four factors for the ten modules; and two factors for self-evaluation. Results The scales used showed evidence of validity indicated by variance above 50% and Cronbachs Alpha above 0.9. The averages of the satisfaction evaluation, with maximum value of 6.0, varied from 5.3 to 5.6 for the introductory module; 4.7 to 5.6 for other modules; and 4.5 to 5.7 for self-evaluations. In relation to the assessment of the perception of the impact and support to application, which was performed in two hospitals, the majority of the proposed actions presented in the management projects were implemented. Significant differences among the regions were found in both Factors 1 (p<0.001) and 3 (p<0.01) of the satisfaction evaluation of introductory module; in both Factors 1 (p=0.005) and 2 (p<0.0001) of self-evaluations; in both criteria hospital presentation and situational diagnosis of the management projects evaluation (p<0.05); among the formative process modules in Factors 1 (p=0.04), 3 (p<0.0001) and 4 (p<0.001) of satisfaction evaluation. The management projects were very distinct concerning structure and contend, especially in the development of the situational analysis and Situational Strategic Planning, indicating some fragility in data collection and critical analysis, as well as in proposing interventions in a structured way. The factors that contributed to the implementation were related to the directors and staffs support. By the other hand, the factors that complicated were related to the structural problems, such as insufficient number of staff, material and financial resources. Conclusions The scales of the evaluations were found reliable. The participants expressed satisfaction with the formative process, showed commitment to the activities, and developed skills, according to the self-evaluations. Although, in general, skill acquisition was not so consistent in the management projects, the majority of the actions proposed by the hospitals were developed, counting with the support of teammates and directors. The constraint was related to the lack of structural elements. Avaliação em saúde Educação continuada Emergências Enfermagem Gerenciamento da prática profissional Assessment in health Continuing education Emergencies Management of professional practice Nursing
5	The Social Construction of Economic Man: The Genesis, Spread, Impact and Institutionalisation of Economic Ideas Mackinnon, Lauchlan A. K. Unknown Date (has links) The present thesis is concerned with the genesis, diffusion, impact and institutionalisation of economic ideas. Despite Keynes's oft-cited comments to the effect that 'the ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood'(Keynes 1936: 383), and the highly visible impact of economic ideas (for example Keynesian economics, Monetarism, or economic ideas regarding deregulation and antitrust issues) on the economic system, economists have done little to systematically explore the spread and impact of economic ideas. In fact, with only a few notable exceptions, the majority of scholarly work concerning the spread and impact of economic ideas has been developed outside of the economics literature, for example in the political institutionalist literature in the social sciences. The present thesis addresses the current lack of attention to the spread and impact of economic ideas by economists by drawing on the political institutionalist, sociological, and psychology of creativity literatures to develop a framework in which the genesis, spread, impact and institutionalisation of economic ideas may be understood. To articulate the dissemination and impact of economic ideas within economics, I consider as a case study the evolution of economists' conception of the economic agent - "homo oeconomicus." I argue that the intellectual milieu or paradigm of economics is 'socially constructed' in a specific sense, namely: (i) economic ideas are created or modified by particular individuals; (ii) economic ideas are disseminated (iii) certain economic ideas are accepted by economists and (iv) economic ideas become institutionalised into the paradigm or milieu of economics. Economic ideas are, of course, disseminated not only within economics to fellow economists, but are also disseminated externally to economic policy makers and business leaders who can - and often do - take economic ideas into account when formulating policy and building economic institutions. Important economic institutions are thereby socially constructed, in the general sense proposed by Berger and Luckmann (1966). But how exactly do economic ideas enter into this process of social construction of economic institutions? Drawing from and building on structure/agency theory (e.g. Berger and Luckmann 1966; Bourdieu 1977; Bhaskar 1979/1998, 1989; Bourdieu 1990; Lawson 1997, 2003) in the wider social sciences, I provide a framework for understanding how economic ideas enter into the process of social construction of economic institutions. Finally, I take up a methodological question: if economic ideas are disseminated, and if economic ideas have a real and constitutive impact on the economic system being modelled, does 'economic science' then accurately and objectively model an independently existing economic reality, unchanged by economic theory, or does economic theory have an interdependent and 'reflexive' relationship with economic reality, as economic reality co-exists with, is shaped by, and also shapes economic theory? I argue the latter, and consider the implications for evaluating in what sense economic science is, in fact, a science in the classical sense. The thesis makes original contributions to understanding the genesis of economic ideas in the psychological creative work processes of economists; understanding the ontological location of economic ideas in the economic system; articulating the social construction of economic ideas; and highlighting the importance of the spread of economic ideas to economic practice and economic methodology. 410401 Design Theory 349901 Political Economy 370000 Studies in Human Society 340302 History of Economic Thought 349900 Other Economics 410402 Design Innovation 360201 Public Policy 360000 Policy and Political Science 380100 Psychology 360100 Political Science 360200 Policy and Administration 370101 Social Theory 370102 Social Policy and Planning 340100 Economic Theory genesis spread diffusion impact institutionalisation economic ideas idea ideation psychology of creativity Wallas Wertheimer stage model productive thinking creative creativity process economic economics sociology social methodology methodological self-altering self-fulfilling self-denying prophecy belief reflexive reflexivity institution institutionalise institutionalised social construction Berger Luckmann Bhaskar critical realism Lawson Bordieu habitus field spread impact ideation ideational structure social structure action creativity creative economists sociology philosophy of science homo economicus homo oeconomicus economic man economic agent rational economic man man lucas critique Goodhart's law Keynes Marx Mill Hayek Hicks Samuelson Walras Jevons Arrow Debreu Samuelson Merton sociology of economics sociology of scientific knowledge SSK Holton prediction control reflexive prediction reflexivity Whitley Mackie canonization Henshel Grunberg Modigliani Morgenstern Lucas Muth Simon Blyth Hall Sikkink Hira Hood institutionalize institutionalized socialise socialisation internalise internalisation internalization socialization behaviour behavior Thomas theorem expectations stage model productive thinking evolution

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