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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Modeling Competition and Investment in Liberalized Electricity Markets

Weigt, Hannes 06 October 2009 (has links) (PDF)
In this thesis current questions regarding the functionality of liberalized electricity markets are studied addressing different topics of interest in two main directions: market power and competition policy on electricity wholesale markets, and network investments and incentive regulation. The former is studied based on the case of the German electricity market with respect to ex-post market power analysis and ex-ante remedy development. First an optimization model is designed to obtain the competitive benchmark which can be compared to the observed market outcomes between 2004 and 2006. In a second step the horizontal breaking up of dominant firms (divestiture) is simulated applying equilibrium techniques (the classical Cournot approach and the Supply Function Equilibrium approach). The later issue of transmission capacity investment is addressed by highlighting the complexity of network investments in electricity markets and by analyzing a regulatory mechanism with a two part tariff approach. The technical characteristics of power flows are combined with economic criteria and tested for different network settings.
92

Indikatoren zur Messung der Marktmacht von Web 2.0-Publikumsdiensten

Karla, Jürgen, Rummel, Katharina 30 April 2014 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
93

Price Formation and the Measurement of Market Power on the International Dairy Markets

Fahlbusch, Markus 05 February 2014 (has links)
No description available.
94

Decomposition of Variational Inequalities with Applications to Nash-Cournot Models in Time of Use Electricity Markets

Celebi, Emre January 2011 (has links)
This thesis proposes equilibrium models to link the wholesale and retail electricity markets which allow for reconciliation of the differing time scales of responses of producers (e.g., hourly) and consumers (e.g., monthly) to changing prices. Electricity market equilibrium models with time of use (TOU) pricing scheme are formulated as large-scale variational inequality (VI) problems, a unified and concise approach for modeling the equilibrium. The demand response is dynamic in these models through a dependence on the lagged demand. Different market structures are examined within this context. With an illustrative example, the welfare gains/losses are analyzed after an implementation of TOU pricing scheme over the single pricing scheme. An approximation of the welfare change for this analysis is also presented. Moreover, break-up of a large supplier into smaller parts is investigated. For the illustrative examples presented in the dissertation, overall welfare gains for consumers and lower prices closer to the levels of perfect competition can be realized when the retail pricing scheme is changed from single pricing to TOU pricing. These models can be useful policy tools for regulatory bodies i) to forecast future retail prices (TOU or single prices), ii) to examine the market power exerted by suppliers and iii) to measure welfare gains/losses with different retail pricing schemes (e.g., single versus TOU pricing). With the inclusion of linearized DC network constraints into these models, the problem size grows considerably. Dantzig-Wolfe (DW) decomposition algorithm for VI problems is used to alleviate the computational burden and it also facilitates model management and maintenance. Modification of the DW decomposition algorithm and approximation of the DW master problem significantly improve the computational effort required to find the equilibrium. These algorithms are applied to a two-region energy model for Canada and a realistic Ontario electricity test system. In addition to empirical analysis, theoretical results for the convergence properties of the master problem approximation are presented for DW decomposition of VI problems.
95

Poder de mercado no varejo de etanol no estado de São Paulo

Santos, Jaqueline Zani dos 24 February 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SANTOS_Jaqueline_2012.pdf: 1703101 bytes, checksum: c0b62c652a6a75acc6940cc1d8bdf0f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Given the economic dimension of the sugar and ethanol industry, there is a strong concern regarding the loss of social welfare due to market power usage by ethanol companies, especially at retail, where conditions are favorable to cooperation. The present study's objective is to determine if there is any market power abuse in retail sales of hydrous ethanol in the State of São Paulo, by verifying if price increases and decreases are transmitted to the customer proportionally, and identifying if there is any difference in price transmission mechanisms between smaller (where competition is less) and larger tows. Monthly wholesale and retail price series are used, provided by ANP, for the period of January 2005 to August 2011, for a sample of cities in the state of São Paulo. The results indicated that market power was used in the ethanol retail market, where retailers were able to transmit to the consumers price increases faster than decreases. / Dada a dimensão econômica do setor sucroalcooleiro, aumenta-se a preocupação de ocorrência de perdas de bem-estar social devido ao uso de poder de mercado por parte das empresas da cadeia produtiva de etanol, preocupação esta que é maior em nível de varejo, uma vez que os postos de combustíveis apresentam condições favoráveis à formação de cartéis. O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar se há abuso de poder de mercado por parte dos postos de combustíveis do estado de São Paulo na revenda do etanol hidratado, buscando verificar se os acréscimos e decréscimos de preços são transmitidos com a mesma intensidade aos consumidores e identificar se existe diferença no mecanismo de transmissão de preços em municípios menores (onde a concorrência é menor) e maiores. Neste trabalho foram utilizados dados de preços mensais em níveis de distribuição e varejo, disponibilizados pela ANP, no período de janeiro de 2005 a agosto de 2011, para uma amostra de cidades do estado de São Paulo, e os resultados mostraram indícios de exercício de poder de mercado no varejo de etanol, onde os varejistas conseguiram repassar mais rapidamente os acréscimos do que os decréscimos de preços aos consumidores.
96

Three essays on trade credit and market power

Gonçalves, Adalto Barbaceia 21 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Adalto Gonçalves (adalto@axioma.com.br) on 2016-10-10T19:03:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Adalto v50 final - biblioteca.pdf: 1552905 bytes, checksum: 817f0b18a9be3c84f0c6ab421ab1aa2c (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Adalto, Para que possamos aprovar seu trabalho são necessários alguns ajustes conforme norma ABNT/APA. FORMATAÇÃO Margens: - superior e esquerda: 3 cm - inferior e direita: 2 cm Parágrafo: 1,0cm a partir da margem esquerda de 3 cm. Espaçamento entre linhas: 1,5cm Espaçamento entre Parágrafos: 02 enter; dar 01 enter e escrever no 2º enter. ESTRUTURA Capa (obrigatório)- Fonte: Arial /Times - Tamanho da fonte: 12 Contra Capa - Fonte: Arial /Times - Tamanho da fonte: 12 Ficha catalográfica/ Fonte: Arial / Times - Tamanho da fonte: 12 Folha de aprovação - Fonte: Arial / Times - Tamanho da fonte: 12 - nesta folha não tem São Paulo 2016 - DEDICATÓRIA Fonte: Arial / Times - Tamanho da fonte: 12 ( A PALAVRA DEDICATÓRIA DEVE SER MAIUSCULO/NEGRITO E CENTRALIZADO ) - Opcional - AGRADECIMENTOS - Fonte: Arial /Times - Tamanho da fonte: 12 (A PALAVRA AGRADECIMENTO DEVE SER MAIUSCULO/NEGRITO E CENTRALIZADO ) - RESUMO (A PALAVRA RESUMO DEVE SER MAIUSCULO/NEGRITO E CENTRALIZADO): espaçamento simples (150 a 500 palavras), com palavras-chave (obrigatório). - ABSTRACT ( A PALAVRA ABSTRACT DEVE SER MAIUSCULO/NEGRITO E CENTRALIZADO ) em língua estrangeira . Após os ajustes você deve submete-lo novamente para analise e aprovação. Qualquer duvida estamos a disposição, Att. Pâmela Tonsa on 2016-10-10T19:32:43Z (GMT) / Submitted by Adalto Gonçalves (adalto@axioma.com.br) on 2016-10-11T13:04:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Adalto v50 final - biblioteca.pdf: 1552598 bytes, checksum: bacd5dde591d97d8aa26646ba2cf96d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2016-10-11T13:17:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Adalto v50 final - biblioteca.pdf: 1552598 bytes, checksum: bacd5dde591d97d8aa26646ba2cf96d8 (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Motivo dessa rejeição é pelo fato de ja ter sido dado ok no anterior. Qualquer duvida estamos a disposição. Att Pâmela Tonsa on 2016-10-11T13:20:01Z (GMT) / Submitted by Adalto Gonçalves (adalto@axioma.com.br) on 2016-10-11T13:45:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Adalto v50 final - biblioteca.pdf: 1552598 bytes, checksum: bacd5dde591d97d8aa26646ba2cf96d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2016-10-11T13:47:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Adalto v50 final - biblioteca.pdf: 1552598 bytes, checksum: bacd5dde591d97d8aa26646ba2cf96d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2016-10-11T13:49:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Adalto v50 final - biblioteca.pdf: 1552598 bytes, checksum: bacd5dde591d97d8aa26646ba2cf96d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T13:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Adalto v50 final - biblioteca.pdf: 1552598 bytes, checksum: bacd5dde591d97d8aa26646ba2cf96d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-21 / This thesis addresses a fundamental question about trade credit: does market power matter? We answer this question by developing a theoretical framework and researching the empirical impact of market power in trade credit. Our work is organized in three essays. After the introduction section, the first essay encompasses a thorough selected literature review including 85 articles. The majority of this works were published in the last two decades in top ranked journals. Their findings are classified according to the theoretical approach and empirical results pros and cons. Our objective in this chapter is to shed light on the major conclusions and controversies in the state of art regarding trade credit extension. In our second essay we develop a theoretical model to explain the impact of market power in the product market and financial constraints on trade credit extension. Our model is based on a rational profit maximizing firm operating with a certain some market power represented by the price elasticity of its product and with customers presenting a certain degree of financial constraint which reflects in their trade credit term-sensitivity of demand. Besides showing the detailed deduction of this model using a non-linear programming approach (Kuhn-Tucker) we finish this chapter by showing the model implications compared to the trade credit literature. Finally in the third essay we investigate whether market power in the product market affects trade credit decisions. We exploit the 2007-08 credit crisis in the U.S. as an exogenous source of variation in firm external financing conditions, which in turn affects the firms’ ability to exert product market power towards their clients and suppliers. We find that firms with high market power increase their net trade credit days by more than 6 days relatively to firms with low market power during the financial crisis. This effect is economically significant as it represents more than 11% of the median receivable days of the firms in our sample. Our results contribute with the previous literature by documenting an effect of product market competition on trade credit decisions and by bringing into discussion a new dimension that is controversial in the trade credit literature. / Esta tese aborda uma questão fundamental sobre crédito comercial (trade credit): afinal, poder de mercado importa? Respondemos a esta questão através do desenvolvimento de um modelo teórico e pesquisando empiricamente o impacto do poder de mercado em crédito comercial. Nosso trabalho está organizado em três ensaios. Após a seção de introdução, o primeiro ensaio engloba uma minuciosa revisão da literatura selecionada incluindo 85 artigos. A maior parte destes trabalhos foi publicada nas duas últimas décadas em revistas acadêmicas de primeira linha. Os principais resultados destes artigos são classificados de acordo com a abordagem teórica e mostrando prós e contras em resultados empíricos. Nosso objetivo neste capítulo é lançar luz sobre as principais conclusões e controvérsias no estado da arte em matéria de concessão de crédito comercial. Em nosso segundo ensaio, desenvolvemos um modelo teórico para explicar o impacto do poder de mercado e restrições financeiras na extensão do crédito comercial. Nosso modelo é baseado em uma empresa racional que maximiza lucro e opera com determinado poder de mercado representado pela elasticidade-preço de seu produto e com os clientes apresentando certo grau de restrição financeira que reflete em sua sensibilidade de demanda em relação ao prazo do crédito comercial tomado. Além de mostrar a dedução detalhada deste modelo usando uma abordagem de programação não linear (Kuhn-Tucker), concluímos este capítulo, mostrando as implicações de modelo em comparação com a literatura crédito comercial. Finalmente, no terceiro ensaio, investigamos se poder de mercado afeta decisões de concessão de crédito comercial. Exploramos a crise de crédito de 2007-08 nos EUA como um choque exógeno na variação das condições de financiamento externo das firmas, que por sua vez afeta a capacidade das empresas para exercerem poder de mercado em relação aos seus clientes e fornecedores. Nossos dados mostram que as empresas com maior poder de mercado aumentam o prazo líquido de crédito comercial por mais de seis dias em relação a empresas com baixo poder de mercado durante a crise financeira. Este efeito é economicamente significante, pois representa mais de 11% da mediana do prazo médio de recebimento das empresas em nossa amostra. Nossos resultados contribuem com a literatura, documentando o efeito de concorrência no mercado do produto em decisões de crédito comercial e coloca em discussão uma dimensão que ainda gera conclusões controversas na literatura.
97

Estudo de poder de mercado em sistemas de geração de energia elétrica

Piotto, Diego 14 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Diego Piotto (dpiotto@gmail.com) on 2017-08-28T18:15:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Piotto_Final.pdf: 1609250 bytes, checksum: 9c276b0e7f775c9cb47d057087a1da5a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2017-08-28T18:21:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Piotto_Final.pdf: 1609250 bytes, checksum: 9c276b0e7f775c9cb47d057087a1da5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T12:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Piotto_Final.pdf: 1609250 bytes, checksum: 9c276b0e7f775c9cb47d057087a1da5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-14 / O sistema elétrico brasileiro sofreu grandes mudanças em sua regulação nas últimas décadas no intuito de aumentar a eficiência de mercado baseando-se no incentivo a competição entre os agentes. O incentivo a entrada de geradores privados tem gerado resultados significativos a competição e tem provocado uma reestruturação que tem modificado a operação antes totalmente centralizada para modelos descentralizados que estimulam a competição entre agentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é, partir do artigo de Barroso Et al. (2001), onde é obtido a ação de poder de mercado em sistemas hidrotérmicos para ambiente competitivo e de mínimo custo tanto para modelo estático como modelo dinâmico, desenvolver o modelo de comportamento dos agentes para situações de colusão entre agentes price makers tanto para o modelo estático como para o dinâmico. Além disso obter as taxas de juros limites para o desvio da colusão. Será demostrado que em mercados com poucos agentes, o benefício de se desviar da colusão somente ocorre para altas taxas de desconto. Com a inclusão de maior quantidade de agentes, identifica-se que o incentivo ao desvio da colusão possui taxas descrentes. Será apresentado que para modelos acoplados no tempo o comportamento de um possível conluio fará com que os agentes sustentem o preço spot mais elevado, mesmo em períodos de baixa afluência. / The Brazilian electrical system has undergone great changes in its regulation in the last decades in order to increase the efficiency of the market based on the incentive to the competition among the agents. The incentive to the entry of private generators has generated significant results the competition and has caused a restructuring that has modified the operation before totally centralized to decentralized models that stimulate the competition between agents. The objective of this work is to analyze the market power in hydrothermal systems that is, based on thermal and hydroelectric generation, using low cost models for centralized systems and Nash Cournot model for decentralized systems both decoupled in time in order to obtain the dispatch great. The analysis extends to the strategic behavior of the agents for time coupled systems using low cost models for centralized systems and Nash Cournot model using stochastic programming resources to determine the optimal dispatch of the agents of the market. It has been shown that in markets with few agents, the benefit of diverting from collusion only occurs at high discount rates. With the inclusion of a greater number of agents, it is identified that the incentive to the deviation of collusion has unbelievable rates. It will be shown that for time-coupled models the behavior of a possible collusion will cause the agents to sustain the higher spot price, even in periods of low affluence.
98

La puissance d'achat en droit européen de la concurrence : contextes européen, français et allemand / Buying power in european competition law : european, french and german contexts / Nachfragemacht im europäischen Kartellrecht

Freytag, Claire 26 June 2014 (has links)
La puissance d'achat est appréhendée par le droit européen comme un pouvoir de marché entraînant des effets pro et anticoncurrentiels sur le marché intérieur. Les dispositions de droit positif concernant les pratiques restrictives de concurrence et les concentrations d'une part, ainsi que les abus de domination d'autre part, correspondent à deux hypothèses d'appréhension de la puissance d'achat par le droit de la concurrence. Si les premières relèvent d'une logique structurelle tempérée, les abus de domination obéissent à une logique ordo- structurelle forte teintée d'un élément subjectif afférent au comportement. Dans le premier cas, la puissance d'achat est considérée comme nocive pour la concurrence si son degré est trop important. Dans le second cas, elle est présumée nocive et réprimée si elle est exercée abusivement. Les objectifs de politique concurrentielle européenne de protection de l'efficience globale de marché et les outils normatifs afférents témoignent toutefois d'une approche limitative de la puissance d'achat. Les lois actuelles démontrent certaines faiblesses dans l'appréhension de la puissance d'achat, celle-ci dépassant les situations monopso- ou oligopsonistiques et s'exprimant notamment comme pouvoir de marché relatif. Les modifications législatives proposées dans le sens d'une appréhension de la puissance d'achat dans ses différentes acceptions économiques pourraient toutefois permettre de protéger utilement l'ensemble des acteurs économiques concernés sans se limiter au consommateur final. / European law considers buyer power as a market power able to create pro and anticompetitive effects on the internal market. Buyer power is concerned by the application of competition law in cases of anticompetitive pratices and mergers on the one hand and abuse of dominance on the other hand which differents economic logics. Rules about anticompetitive practices and mergers focuse on the buyer power's degree which define pro and anticompetitive effects. Rules about abuse of dominance focuse on the abuse of a dominant buyer and assume anticompetitive effects. The assessment of buyer power under competition law is substantially influenced by the general competition policy concept which is aimed at maximising consumer welfare. Competition law considers buyer power predominantly as an absolute market power and not in the form of bargaining power exercised bilaterally vis-à-vis individual suppliers. Nevertheless european existing law is not able to consider all situations of buyer power. Monopolistic or oligopolistic situations do not reflect the reality of buyer power which also significate a relative market power. It seems that proposed legislative modifications aiming to consider the economic reality of buyer power on the entire market could lead to a better protection of all concerned competitors and not only the end consumer. / Das europäische Recht tendiert dazu Nachfragemacht als Marktmacht aufgrund ihrer wettbewerbspositiven und -negativen Effekten auf dem Binnenmarkt zu erfassen. Die Nachfragemacht im europäischen Recht wird zum einen durch das Kartellrecht, die Fusionskontrolle und zum anderen durch die Missbrauchskontrolle erfasst. Diese Normen entsprechen alle einer wettbewerbspolitischen Orientierung, können jedoch aufgrund ihrer jeweiligen Wettbewerbssysteme unterschieden werden. Zum einem erfassen das Kartellrecht und die Fusionskontrolle die Nachfragemacht als Marktmacht, die aufgrund ihres Grades positive und negative Auswirkungen auf die Marktstruktur bewirken kann. Zum anderen wird die Nachfragemacht aber auch vom europäischen Missbrauchsverbot erfasst. Es wird anders als im Kartellrecht oder bei der Fusionskontrolle nicht ermittelt, inwiefern Nachfragemacht den Wettbewerb möglicherweise schädigt, sondern ob der Wettbewerb wegen der Ausnutzung dieser Marktmacht geschädigt wird. Jedoch erfassen die europäischen Rechtsnormen den ökonomischen Ansatz der Nachfragemacht auch anhand des Monopsonmodell nur teilweise und stellen deshalb eine begrenzte juristische Analyse dieses Phänomens dar. Dabei schliesst das europäische wettbewerbspolitische Leitbild den Schutz bilateraler Verhältnisse aus seinem Anwendungsbereich aus wohlfahrtsneutralen Gründen aus. In diesem Sinne wird Nachfragemacht prinzipiell als absolute Marktmacht definiert. In der Weise einer vereinfachten aber zugleich wirksamen Erfassung von Nachfragemacht durch das europäische Recht könnten jedoch die vorgeschlagenen Änderungen der aktuellen Rechtsnormen zu einem umfassenden Schutzes aller Marktteilnehmer führen.
99

[en] ESSAYS ON LIBERALIZATION, REGULATION AND INVESTMENT IN HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS / [pt] ENSAIOS SOBRE LIBERALIZAÇÃO, REGULAÇÃO E INVESTIMENTO EM SISTEMAS HIDROTÉRMICOS

EMILIO HIROSHI MATSUMURA 28 June 2004 (has links)
[pt] A dissertação é composta por 3 ensaios nos quais analisam-se os efeitos econômicos da liberalização e regulação de sistemas hidrotérmicos. No primeiro ensaio, um dos principais problemas de mercados de eletricidade liberalizados é tratado: o poder de mercado dos geradores. Analisa-se a eficácia de 2 medidas comumente propostas para sistemas com predominância de termelétricas (incentivos a contratação de longo prazo e redução da concentraçãao horizontal) em um sistema hidrotérmico e mostra-se que diferentes resultados podem ser obtidos. No segundo ensaio, consideram-se os incentivos ao investimento em capacidade de geração no sistema hidrelétrico brasileiro. A entrada futura de capacidade é uma das principais variáveis no despacho centralizado. Quando o investimento é privado, a entrada efetiva de nova capacidade pode ser consideravelmente diferente daquela utilizada no despacho ótimo. Modelos anteriores de opções reais incorporam a decisão estratégica dos investidores em seus modelos, porém não consideram que essa decisão acaba afetando o armazenamento ótimo de água nas hidrelétricas. Essa variável, por sua vez, é fundamental na determinação da evolução da rentabilidade futura de novos projetos o que acaba afetando novamente a decisão de investimento. No terceiro ensaio, discutem-se as experiências de reestruturação dos mercados de eletricidade do Brasil e da Califórnia. Apesar de diferentes objetivos e diferentes estruturas iniciais de mercado, ambos empreenderam a reforma dos seus respectivos setores elétricos baseados amplamente no mesmo modelo de separação vertical em voga nos anos noventa. Coincidentemente, alguns anos depois, ambos enfrentavam sérias crises. Desconsideração de aspectos relevantes na liberalização de mercados e incentivos de regulação inadequados podem ter exacerbado ao invés de atenuado os efeitos deletérios da crise tanto no Brasil quanto na Califórnia. A principal lição das duas experiências reside no reconhecimento de que a liberalização dos mercados elétricos deve ser feita com muito cuidado e com especial atenção ao efeito da nova estrutura na alocação de equilíbrio durante situações extremas de mercado. / [en] This dissertation is structured into 3 essays in which I analyze the economic effects of regulation and liberalization of hydrothermal systems. So far empirical and theoretical studies about power markets have been done mainly for thermal systems, in which equilibrium conditions reflect the fact that current production decisions can be analyzed separately from future production decisions. In hydrothermal systems, however, strategies are dynamically connected what yields equilibrium conditions different from thermal systems. This difference in the nature of the equilibrium is the main building block upon which I will analyze some important questions like liberalization of the market, investment, market power of generators and policies towards its mitigation and to compare the effectiveness of some common proposed policy interventions recommended to thermal systems in the context of a hydrothermal system. In the first essay, I analyze one of the main concerns in restructured electricity markets: the market power of generators. I show that two common mitigation measures proposed for thermal power markets (incentives to long- term contracting and horizontal deconcentration) do not necessarily affect the firms` market power in hydrothermal systems in the same way as in thermal systems. In the second essay, I consider the incentives to investment in the Brazilian centralized dispatch in which future entry of new capacity is one of the most important determinants in the optimal management of the system. When investment is not determinative, investors can choose the most appropriate time to enter into the market. Previous real option models incorporates this flexibility on the optimal time to invest but do not consider that each potential new firm may affect the current optimal stock of water to be left to the next period. The fact that indicative entry plan does not take into account that investors` choice of the optimal time to invest may affect current values (especially the stock of water to be left to the next period)and hence reinforcing possible distortions in the investment decision, given future prices and dispatched quantities depend on the current optimal dispatch. In the third essay, I discuss the restructuring experiences of Brazil and California. Despite different goals and different initial market structures, both undertook the restructuring of their respective electricity sectors largely based on the same deregulation framework in vogue in the 1990s. Coincidently, a few years later, both were facing serious crisis in their respective electricity sectors. The lack of attention to some important aspects of the liberalization or deregulation of the electricity sector and inadequate regulatory incentives could have exacerbated rather than attenuated the deleterious effects of their respective crisis. The main lesson from both experiences is that liberalization or deregulation of electricity markets should be carefully implemented, with special attention to the potential impact of the new structure on the equilibrium allocation during market stress situations.
100

Fusões e aquisições na indústria de alimentos e bebidas do Brasil: análise dos efeitos nos preços ao consumidor / Mergers and Acquisitions in the Brazilian Food Industry: an analysis of the effects on consumer prices

Claudia Assunção dos Santos Viegas 19 May 2006 (has links)
Na década de 1990 o Brasil passou por um intenso processo de fusões e aquisições (F&A) que alteraram a configuração do parque industrial. A indústria de alimentos e bebidas teve destaque nesse processo. A proposta deste trabalho é avaliar se as F&A afetaram os preços ao consumidor na indústria de alimentos e bebidas do Brasil. Isso é feito no capítulo 3, utilizando-se dados do IPC-FIPE (Índice de Preços ao Consumidor da Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas), da PIA-IBGE (Pesquisa Industrial Anual do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) e do IPA-FGV (Índice de Preços no Atacado da Fundação Getúlio Vargas). Essa análise empírica é precedida por um estudo sobre a estrutura produtiva da indústria (Oferta: Capítulo 1) e um breve relato sobre as alterações recentes no mercado consumidor brasileiro (Demanda: Capítulo 2). Com isso, o trabalho oferece uma visão ampla sobre a indústria de alimentos e bebidas no Brasil, sinalizando mudanças após as fusões e aquisições, tanto na estrutura de oferta e demanda quanto no comportamento dos preços ao consumidor. / In the nineties, Brazil has gone through an intense process of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), with significant impacts on the country´s industrial plant. The Food and Beverage industry has had eminence in this process. This work intends to evaluate whether the M&A´s have had an effect on consumer prices of the food and beverage industry. This is the content of chapter 3, making use of IPC-FIPE (Consumer Price Index of the Institute for Economic Research Foundation) and of the IPA-FGV (Producer Price Index of the Getúlio Vargas Foundation). The empirical analysis is preceded by a study of the productive structure of the industry (supply ? chapter 1) and a brief description of the recent change in the Brazilian consumer market (demand ? chapter 2). In this way, the study offers a broad view of the food and beverage industry in Brazil, indicating changes after the M&A´s in the supply and demand structure as much as in the behavior of consumer prices.

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