Adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) tend to face great challenges in school which can affect their school wellbeing. This paper investigates the relations between school wellbeing and NDD. The purpose of the study was to examine if NDD, class climate, bullying, mental health, and mental health problems predicted school wellbeing and if there were differences between upper secondary students with and without self-rated NDD. The data of this study was retrieved from wave four of the longitudinal multidisciplinary research programme LoRDIA. Study participants were 288 adolescents in year two of upper secondary school, where 61 had self-related NDD and 227 did not. First a Mann-Whitney U-test tested the differences between the groups. Then a multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the predictors’ influence on school wellbeing. Lastly, a correlation test was conducted to see if any predictor was masked by the difference in group size. The results showed that NDD, class climate and bullying are predictors to school wellbeing, where NDD is the strongest predictor. There was also a difference between the groups concerning psychiatric problems where the group with NDD reported more problems, although this still not being a predictor to school wellbeing for this group. In conclusion, class climate and bullying are predictors to school wellbeing for both students with and without self-related NDD which suggests that schools should work for a positive social climate in school. Secondly, the group of students with NDD experience lower levels of school wellbeing but this could not be explained by any of the variables used in this study which calls for further investigations as to what the causes are.

No description available.

According to statistics, it is common that Upper Secondary school students in vocational programs drop out. The aim of this study was to find out why these students decide to complete their education after having considered a dropout. How many students considered dropping out, who are those students and what reasons did they have? What thoughts and experiences did they have of the schools attempt to prevent them from dropping out? To collect data to this study a survey was used, followed by qualitative interviews. The data was later analyzed based on Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence. The results showed that half of the students had at some point considered dropping out of school. The three main reasons for dropping out were: low motivation, mental health problems and that the education lacked quality. The top three reasons for wanting to pursue their education were: wanting an education, parents´ expectations and social interaction with friends. All students agreed that they have good relations with someone working at the school whom is willing to listen to them. One conclusion is that a healthy and safe school environment and good relations between school staff and students is a key to prevent school dropouts.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:57:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Natalia_Cofre.pdf: 1137819 bytes, checksum: 80d9e07a24e175aab7c93b664e0be3e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Introduction: several studies have shown an association between wheezing and mental health problems in children and adolescents. This association can occur in both directions. Objective: to assess longitudinally the bidirectional association between wheezing and mental health problems in adolescents at 11 and 15 years of age. Methods: individuals belonging to the 1993 birth cohort, in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, were followed at 11 and 15 years old. Wheezing was assessed as presence of wheezing in the last 12 months , based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Mental health problems were assessed with the questionnaire Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), with application version for parents. For the analysis, the total of subjects was divided in two samples from which teenagers with the outcomes (wheezing/mental health problems) at 11 years old were excluded. Results: in the crude analysis for mental health problems at age 11 as predictor of wheezing at age 15, there was a statistical significant association for both sexes: males [RI = 1.64 (95% CI 1.16, 2.31), p = 0.005], and females [RI = 1.68 (95% CI 1.28, 2.19), p <0.001]; after adjustment for confounders, the association was maintained only for females [RI = 1.66 (95% CI 1, 16, 2.36), p = 0.005]. When wheezing at age 11 was evaluated as predictor of mental health problems at 15 years old, there was a statistical significant association in the crude analysis only for boys [RI = 1.49 (95% CI 1.04, 2.16), p=0.031]; after adjusting for confounders, this association was no longer statistically significant (p = 0.652). Conclusions: girls who present mental health problems at age 11 have a high risk for developing wheezing at 15 years old. / Introdução: vários estudos mostram uma associação entre sibilância e problemas de saúde mental em crianças e adolescentes. Esta associação pode acontecer bidireccionalmente. Objetivo: avaliar de forma longitudinal a associação bidirecional entre sibilância e problemas de saúde mental em adolescentes aos 11 e 15 anos de idade. Métodos: indivíduos pertencentes à coorte de 1993 da cidade de Pelotas, Brasil, foram acompanhados aos 11 e 15 anos de idade. A sibilância foi avaliada pela pergunta chiado no peito nos últimos 12 meses , com base no Estudo Internacional de Asma e Alergias na Infância (ISAAC). Problemas de saúde mental foram avaliados através do questionário Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) com aplicação da versão para pais. Para a análise, dividiu-se o total de indivíduos em duas amostras, sendo que em cada uma delas foram excluídos aqueles adolescentes que apresentavam o desfecho de interesse (sibilância/problemas de saúde mental) aos 11 anos. Resultados: na análise bruta para problemas de saúde mental aos 11 anos como preditor de sibilância aos 15 anos, houve associação estatisticamente significativa para ambos os sexos: nos meninos [RI=1,64 (IC95% 1,16;2,31), p=0,005], e nas meninas [RI=1,68 (IC95% 1,28;2,19), p<0,001]; após ajuste para as variáveis de confusão, a associação se manteve somente no sexo feminino [RI=1,66 (IC95% 1,16;2,36), p=0,005]. Quando avaliada a sibilância aos 11 anos como preditor de problemas de saúde mental aos15 anos, encontrou-se associação significativa na análise bruta, somente para os meninos [RI=1,49 (IC95% 1,04;2,166), p=0,031].; após ajuste para fatores de confusão, essa associação não se manteve estatisticamente significativa (p=0,652). Conclusões: meninas com problemas de saúde mental aos 11 anos têm maior risco de desenvolver sibilância aos 15 anos.

The diploma thesis deals with mixed forms of elderly care in the Czech Republic. The aim is to identify the advantages and potential disadvantages of mixed forms of elderly care in connection with informal carers' mental health and social life. There are 2 groups of informal carers distinguished within the research - those, who get professional care help and those, who care alone or get just a little professional care help. Mixed methods design, which combines quantitative and qualitative research, was used to study the world of informal carers. The quantitative part is based on data from a research Podpora neformálních pečovatelů, which were selected by STEM/MARK agency in 2014. Qualitative research is based on 10 in-depth interviews with informal carers. Both pieces of research are integrated in a phase of data analysis by the explanation method. Informal carers' mental health problems and social problems and its intensity in connection to mixed forms of elderly care are formulated in the results. The thesis also presents factors, which influence mental health problems and social problems. The results showed that using professional care help simultaneously with informal elderly care has a positive impact on informal carers' mental health and social life. Nevertheless, the influence of mixed forms...

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskeyrket är ett utsatt yrke där stress är vanligt förekommande. Om sjuksköterskan utsätts för långvarig stress kan det leda till utbrändhet och sjukskrivningar enligt Socialstyrelsen (2017). Det är väsentligt att undersöka vilka bakomliggande orsaker sjuksköterskor upplever vara anledningen till deras psykiska ohälsa och vilka konsekvenser det kan leda till både för sjuksköterskorna och omgivningen. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad egenrapporterad psykisk ohälsa. Metod: En litteraturstudie som baserades på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Databaserna som användes var Cinahl och Pubmed. Samtliga artiklar kvalitetsgranskades med SBU:s kvalitetsgranskningsmall och dataanalysen utfördes med Popenoe m.fl. dataanalysmetod. Resultat: Resultatet som framkommer är att sjuksköterskorna är utsatta för hög arbetsbelastning, underbemanning och organisatoriska problem. Sammanställningen av artiklarna gav tre huvudkategorier som bakomliggande orsaker till sjuksköterskors arbetsrelaterade psykiska ohälsa. Dessa bakomliggande faktorer presenteras i följande huvudkategorier: Brister i organisationen, Höga förväntningar på sjuksköterskor och Svåra situationer i arbetet. Utifrån dessa uppkom även följande underkategorier: Bristande ledarskap, Hög arbetsbelastning, Stress på arbetsplatsen, Underbemanning, Traumatiska och komplexa patientfall samt Utanförskap på arbetsplatsen. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskan upplever arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa främst på grund av organisatoriska faktorer, traumatiska patientfall samt kollegiala problem på arbetsplatsen. Arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa kan påverka sjuksköterskors kvalitet på arbetet. Sjuksköterskor upplevde även höga krav från omgivningen, vilket skapade en upplevelse av negativ stress både i arbetet och privat. / Background: Being a nurse is a vulnerable profession where stress is common. If a nurse is exposed to prolonged stress, it can lead to burnout and sick leave for nurses, according to the National Board of Health and Welfare (2017). It is essential to investigate the underlying causes that nurses perceive as reasons for their mental health problems and the consequences it can have for both nurses and their surroundings. Objective: The purpose of the literature review was to shed light on nurses' experiences of work-related self-reported mental illness. Method: The literature study is based on ten qualitative articles. The databases used were CINAHL and PubMed. All articles were quality assessed using the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment, and Assessment of Social Services (SBU) quality assessment tool. Data analysis was conducted using Popenoe et al.'s data analysis method. Results: The results reveal that nurses are exposed to high workloads, understaffing, and organizational problems. The compilation of the articles yielded three main categories as underlying causes of nurses' work-related mental health problems. These underlying factors are presented in the following main categories: Organizational deficiencies, High expectations on nurses and Difficult situations at work. Based on these, the following subcategories also emerged: Deficient leadership, High workloads, Workplace stress, Understaffing, Traumatic and complex patient cases and Workplace exclusion. Conclusion: Nurses primarily experience work-related mental health problems due to organizational factors, traumatic patient cases, and collegial issues in the workplace. Work- related mental health problems can affect nurses' work quality. Nurses also experience high demands from their environment, which creates a perception of negative stress both at work and in their personal lives.

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa är ett folkhälsoproblem i Sverige och övriga världen. Bedömning och behandling av psykisk ohälsa utförs inom primärvården i hög grad. Distriktssköterskan har ett särskilt ansvar för att leda och utveckla omvårdnaden i primärvården, där personcentrerad vård och samverkan i team är viktiga arbetssätt. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors och distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av omvårdnad i primärvården vid psykisk ohälsa. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes med datainsamling i PubMed och Cinahl. För analys av data användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys med konventionell ansats. Resultat: Arton kvalitativa studier publicerade år 2006 till 2019 inkluderades. I urvalet ingick 542 distriktssköterskor och sjuksköterskor som arbetar inom primärvård. Analys av data genererade fyra kategorier: Patienten och situationen, Organisation, samarbete och samverkan, Kunskaper och färdigheter hos sjuksköterskan eller distriktssköterskan, samt Emotionella aspekter. Sjuksköterskor och distriktssköterskor inom primärvården, möter ofta personer med psykisk ohälsa och samsjuklighet. Personer med psykisk ohälsa behöver ett individuellt anpassat omhändertagande, vilket bygger på goda relationer och medveten kommunikation. Sjuksköterskor uppfattar att primärvårdensförutsättningar kan försvåra omhändertagande av personer med psykisk ohälsa. Samverkan runt personer med psykisk ohälsa är ofta komplicerad. Sjuksköterskor och distriktssköterskor efterfrågar mer kunskap om psykisk ohälsa. Omvårdnad i primärvården vid psykisk ohälsa kan upplevas som svår och frustrerande, men också som meningsfull och givande. Konklusion: Patienter med psykisk ohälsa är vanliga inom primärvården och sjuksköterskan eller distriktssköterskan behöver beredskap för att möta dessa patienter. Kontinuitet, personlig kännedom och en god arbetsallians är kraftfulla faktorer i omvårdnad vid psykisk ohälsa.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa av varierande allvarlighetsgrad under graviditet ökar. Psykisk ohälsa under graviditet medför bland annat ökad risk för nedsatt anknytning till barnet och tillväxthämningar hos barnet. Barnmorskor är den profession som ansvarar för graviditetskontroller och har därmed ett ansvar att upptäcka tecken på psykisk ohälsa under graviditet. Syfte: Att beskriva barnmorskors erfarenheter av att vårda gravida med psykisk ohälsa inom mödravården. Metod: Webbaserad enkätundersökning, analyserad med kvalitativt manifest innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Förutsättningar och möjlighet att vårda innebar att barnmorskorna hade ett förtroendeingivande och professionellt förhållningssätt som en del av att ha en stödjande och professionell roll samt att ha tillgång till team och resurser för remittering och samarbete/samverkan vid behov. Resultatet visade även på utmaningar och hindra som tidsbrist, kunskapsbrist som skedde i att inte räcka till samt att sakna stöd och resurser där det förekom en brist påeller bristande resurser och samarbete/samverkan. Slutsats: Att barnmorskor har tillgång till tid, kunskap, teamarbete och samverkan är nödvändigt för att identifiera och bemöta behov av stöd och insatser vid psykisk ohälsa under graviditet. / Bakgrund: Psykiska problem av varierande svårighetsgrad under graviditeten ökar. Psykiska problem under graviditeten innebär bland annat en ökad risk för minskad anknytning till barnet och tillväxthämning hos barnet. Barnmorskor är de yrke som ansvarar för graviditetskontroller och har därmed ett ansvar att upptäcka tecken på psykiska problem under graviditeten. Syfte: Att beskriva barnmorskors erfarenheter av vård av gravida med psykiska problem inom mödravården. Metod: Webbaserat undersökning, analyserad med kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Resultat: Förutsättningar och möjlighet till vård gjorde att barnmorskorna hade en förtroendefull och professionellt förhållningssätt som en del av att ha en stödjande och professionell roll samt att ha tillgång till team och resurser för remiss och samarbete/samverkan vid behov. De Resultatet visade också på utmaningar och hinder såsom brist på tid, brist på kunskap som resulterat i att det inte räckte till och att det saknades stöd och resurser där det saknades eller brist på resurser och samarbete/samverkan. Slutsats: Att barnmorskor har tillgång till tid, kunskap, lagarbete och samarbete är nödvändigt för att identifiera och svara på behov av stöd och insatser vid psykiska problem under graviditeten.

Adolescent mental health problems are a well-recognized and frequently discussed societal problem in Sweden. However, few studies concerning adolescents’ own views on mental health concepts and associated stigma have been conducted. This thesis, including two sub-studies, investigated Swedish adolescents’ views of mental health concepts, mental health problems and perceptions about stigma. A total of 32 adolescents on the Swedish island Gotland were interviewed either in focus groups or individually. In sub-study I on mental health concepts, adolescents described mental well-being as a condition with emotional well-being and good psychological and social function, which they termed to feel well. Mental health problems were described as a spectrum of conditions, caused by several factors. All kinds of mental health problems were termed to feel unwell or to not feel well. Both the presence of mental well-being and symptoms of mental health problems were suggested to be considered when assessing young peoples’ mental health. Sub-study II explored adolescents’ perceptions of the prevalence of mental health problems and related stigma among young people. The adolescents perceived mental health problems as a natural part of their lives and explained the increase by current living condition factors, e.g. pressure related to school or social media and improved openness about mental health problems. Stigmatisation of young people with mental health problems were recognised to be caused by prejudice, triggered by lack of knowledge. The adolescents wished for a future without stereotypic gender norms and stigma of mental health problems. In conclusion, findings of the thesis suggest that adolescents’ descriptions of mental health concepts encompass a broad range of conditions, from normal challenges that can cause distress to severe disabling mental health problems. Furthermore, adolescents acknowledge the simultaneous presence of mental wellbeing and mental health problems, as well as stigma consisting of negative preconceptions, stereotyping and discrimination. The results highlight that adolescents have a complex contextual understanding of mental health problems, but use the terms to feel well or unwell, of which adults need to be aware. Additionally, taking rumour spreading seriously and actively addressing stereotypic gender norms could be important to improve adolescents’ mental health. / <p>Licentiatseminariet kan även följas via Zoom: https://uu-se.zoom.us/j/69890471140 Lösenord: Ungdomar</p><p>Ingen opponent utan tre medlemmar i betygsnämnd: Docent Fredrik Söderqvist, Örebro universitet (Ordförande i betygsnämnden); Professor Christina Dalman, Karolinska Institutet; Professor Karin Enskär, Uppsala universitet.</p><p></p><p></p>